Debian Configuration :: How To Get A Virtual RAID Image Disk
Feb 20, 2016
How can i get a RAID virtual image disk?
What i need is to mount several directories from any other partiton (or file system) as a new merge file system that can grow or decrease depending on the free space. As if it was a dinamic RAID,so i can work with huge files distributed over the partitions mounted.
Ejemp: /mnt/sda1/dir_raid1 + /home/dir_raid2 + /mnt/sda3/dir_raid3 ---> /mnt/RAID/
mhddfs and unionfs <---- are not the solution im searching (cant use huge files)
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Aug 31, 2010
concerning Linux, mdadm, and creating RAID Array's in Debian. I've done a lot of reading and research on RAID both on this board and elsewhere (The Linux Documentation Project's Software-RAID HOWTO is especially good), but I've run across something that no one seems to explain, and I'm not sure why. I'm instructed to create partitions on the drives I wish to add to my array. These partitions inevitably take up the whole disk, and are always have their system IDs set to "Linux raid autodetect". What I don't understand is why, after creating these partitions, some guides then go on to create an array (say a RAID5 one) with just the disks themselves as members, while others go on to create the RAID5 array with the previously created partitions as members. E.g.,
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
vs.
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
What's the advantage of using one over the other?
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Aug 12, 2010
I've got an 8-disk raid-5 setup, and one of the disks failed. I shut the system down, replaced it, and powered the box back on again. Then, I made a catastrophic mistake; I 'failed' and removed the wrong disk (should have been sdj1, and I typed sdk1 by accident). I tried to re-add sdk1 back to the raid array, but it got listed as 'spare'. My raid array is off-line, since I now have 2 disks unavailable.
I know that the data still exists on sdk1, is there any way I can get the raid array to recognise the fact that it's a valid part of the array, and not a spare disk? At least if I can do that, I'll have a degraded but accessible array, and then I can rebuild the array on the properly replaced disk.
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Sep 28, 2010
Is it possible to mount a virtual disk image like qcow2 as a rw filesystem? I would assume guestfs could do it, but I couldn't figure it out from the man page. Basically I want to be able to read and write to the contents of a Windows virtual machine, just like I mounted a physical disk.
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Aug 3, 2011
I have a virtual disk image. Is it possible to boot the computer from it, instead of having to use virtualbox?
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Sep 3, 2010
I tried installing Ubuntu 10.04 WS on my PC but it did not see any disks to install on. I believe this is because my drives are all configured as RAID. My mobo is an Asus M3A78-EMH HDMI AM2+ socket with an Athlon 2X 5000+ CPU. The chipset is AMD 780G. I have the BIOS configured for RAID drives and I already run Win XP x32 and Win 7 x64 on it. My boot drive is configured as 'RAID READY' and I have 2 RAID 1 disks consisting of pairs of SATA drives.
From what I have researched it seems that with some tuning it should be possible to install Ubuntu 10.04 but I have little Linux experience and don't want to mess up my existing drives. I have installed Linux before a few times and run it but never with RAID. Is anyone aware of an existing disk image that I will be able to install from on my system or would it be possible for someone to create one for me to use?
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Oct 27, 2010
We have some servers that run in very harsh environments (research vessel) that need to have high-availability.We have software RAID 1 for some measure of resiliency, along with proper data backups (tapes etc), however we would like to be able to break out a new server and re-image it (including RAID setup) from a known good copy if the hardware completely fails on the production box. Simplicity of the process is a big plus.I am interested in any advice on the best way to approach this. My current approach (relatively new to Linux administration, totally new to MDADM) is to use DD to take a complete gzipped copy of one of the RAID'ed devices (from a live CD): ode:
dd if=/dev/sda bs=4096 | gzip -c > /mnt/external/image/test.img then reverse the process on the new PC, finally using Code:mdadm --assemble to re-create and re-build the array.
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Feb 6, 2011
I have set up a virtual machine under VMware Player 3.1.2 in Debian. Operating system of this virtual machine is a Windows Server 2003. I would like to periodically test this Windows Server 2003 installation for viruses. Obvious solution would be to install an AV software under this Windows Server 2003 installation. However, I was wondering, is this possible to use NOD32 for Linux or clamav in order to test this Windows Server 2003 installation for viruses? Is NOD32 for Linux able to detect viruses inside the .vmdk file?
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May 21, 2011
WTF why is it with every update the devs try to break something. Might as well be using Ubuntu at this point and No I do not want to install Stable. Todays updqate would bring in linux-image-2.6.39-1-686-pae linux-image-686-pae, but my CPU Single core Intel Pentium M (-UP-) cache 1024 KB flags (sse sse2) bmips 1196.07 clocked at 600.00 MHz doesn't use PAE so it told me to remove linux-image-686 and to install linux-image-486. So more shiny crap that doesn't support older hardware, it is getting to be as bad as Microsoft.
Why don't I just go upgrade or buy new hardware with every new shiny crap that wants to upgrade. If it isn't broken do NOT fsck with it.
[Code]...
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Mar 15, 2011
I newly installed debian squeeze with software raid. The way I did was, as also given in this thread.
- I have 2 HDD with 500 GB each. For each of them, I created 3 partitions (/boot, / and swap)
- I selected the hard drive and created a new partition table
- I created a new partition that was 1GB. I then specified to use the partition as a Physical Volume for RAID. and used for /boot and enabled bootable.
- Created another partition, which is of 480 GB, and then specified to use the partition as a Physical Volume for RAID. and used for /.
- Created another partion and used for swap
Then RAID configuration:
Through Configure RAID menu -> create MD device ->
(2 for the number of drives, 0 for spare devices)
Next select the partitions you want to be members of /dev/MD0. I selected /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 (for /boot)
Next select the partitions you want to be members of /dev/MD1. I selected /dev/sda6 and /dev/sdb6 (for /)
And no RAID for swap partitions
'Finish Partitioning and write changes to disk' --> Finish the rest of the install like normal. Everything is ok now, except I am not sure how to test my raid config. When I pull the power of the HDD, it only boots from one disk. I read in some forum that I may have to install GRUB manually on the other. In Debian Squeeze, there is no grub command. Not sure how to make my software raid bootable from both disk. I configured /boot partitions of both disks to be boot=yes. Not sure whether that is ok.
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Aug 19, 2010
We've started using Debian based servers more and more in work and are getting the hang of it more and more every day. Right now I'm an ace at setting up partitions, software RAID and LVM volumes etc through the installer, but if I ever need to do the same thing once the system's up and running then I become unstuck.
Is there any way I can get to partman post-install, or any similar tools that do the same thing? Or failing that are there any simple guides to doing these things through the various command line tools?
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Nov 22, 2014
I've been trying to load Debian with no success. Let me describe the issue:
1. I downloaded the iso image from the Debian pages. The md5sums match.
2. I changed the boot priority so the CDROM is accessed first.
3. Performed a cold boot and see a black screen that says Checking media [Fail]. I see this three times (HD is 4th on priority list) and then Mint loads.
Here is the odd part:
4. I can successfully load Arch from the cd/dvd drive.
5. I can also load Mint form the cd/dvd drive.
6. Cannot load Crunchbang from cd/dvd drive - same as when I try Debian.
I don't know how to proceed from here. I did erase my log files and performed another cold boot with Debian in hopes I might find some sort of error in them, but I really don't know what I am looking for. I saved the log files ....
System info:
Computer Toshiba Satellite P875-S7102
Linux distro Linux Mint 17 Cinnamon 64-bit
Cinnamon version 2.2.13
Linux Kernel 3.13.0-24-generic
Processor Intel Core i7-3630QM CPU @ 2.40 GHz x 4
Memory 8 GB
Hard drive 750 GB
Graphics Card Intel Coorporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller
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Jan 17, 2011
I've installed Debian 5.0.7 on a partition of my hard-disk. Before I was using Slackware, so now I have in sda1 slack 13.0 and in sda2 debian 5.The problem is that Lilo can't find the ram disk image. I tried to insert in lilo.conf file the line "initrd=/deb5/initrd.img", but it doesn't work. I tried also to create from the installation cd an initramfs file and to make the link "/deb5/initrd.img" point to it.I've used the "lilo -v" command from slackware, so in / was /dev/sda1 with slackware 13 and in /deb5 was mounted /dev/sda2 with debian 5.
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Aug 29, 2015
Just setup with Debian 8 (LXDE) a few weeks ago. Raid10 array was preexisting.
Was working well. After booting I would need to go to the save as then would need to enter the root password and everything would be good.
Can't access the array.
Used to use the command $ mount /dev/dm-o /home/myspace/folder under Debian 7.6 to mount the array (no longer works).
blkd lists a /dev/md0 but instead of UUID it is PTUUID
[Code] .....
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Mar 21, 2011
I have 2x 1.5TB hard disks and I'm going to buy a new 2TB drive soon. First though I just wanted to check that I could partition off the first 1/4 to 1/3 of the 2TB drive (leaving 1.5TB or more free) and install Debian to that part, then use the remainder of the disk in combination with the 2x 1.5 TB drives in RAID 5? i.e. can you mix whole drives and with partitions from other drives in RAID 5 and/or is it best to just stick with complete drives for the RAID array?I only have room for 3 drives in the small mATX case that houses my NAS device and I want to maximise storage capacity and minimise expense.
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Apr 11, 2016
I tried to access files from my old hard drive that used to be in a Mac (which unfortunately isn't working anymore). I connected it to my computer which I am running debian gnome on. So my question is how do i access a mac os extended disk image. The disk is encrypted and when i try to open it it says that i don't have permission. I think its encrypted in AES 128 bit.
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Sep 19, 2014
I am running a 14 disk RAID 6 on mdadm behind 2 LSI SAS2008's in JBOD mode (no HW raid) on Debian 7 in BIOS legacy mode.
Grub2 is dropping to a rescue shell complaining that "no such device" exists for "mduuid/b1c40379914e5d18dddb893b4dc5a28f".
Output from mdadm:
Code: Select all  # mdadm -D /dev/md0
  /dev/md0:
      Version : 1.2
   Creation Time : Wed Nov 7 17:06:02 2012
     Raid Level : raid6
     Array Size : 35160446976 (33531.62 GiB 36004.30 GB)
   Used Dev Size : 2930037248 (2794.30 GiB 3000.36 GB)
    Raid Devices : 14
[Code] ....
Output from blkid:
Code: Select all  # blkid
  /dev/md0: UUID="2c61b08d-cb1f-4c2c-8ce0-eaea15af32fb" TYPE="xfs"
  /dev/md/0: UUID="2c61b08d-cb1f-4c2c-8ce0-eaea15af32fb" TYPE="xfs"
  /dev/sdd2: UUID="b1c40379-914e-5d18-dddb-893b4dc5a28f" UUID_SUB="09a00673-c9c1-dc15-b792-f0226016a8a6" LABEL="media:0" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
[Code] ....
The UUID for md0 is `2c61b08d-cb1f-4c2c-8ce0-eaea15af32fb` so I do not understand why grub insists on looking for `b1c40379914e5d18dddb893b4dc5a28f`.
**Here is the output from `bootinfoscript` 0.61. This contains alot of detailed information, and I couldn't find anything wrong with any of it: [URL] .....
During the grub rescue an `ls` shows the member disks and also shows `(md/0)` but if I try an `ls (md/0)` I get an unknown disk error. Trying an `ls` on any member device results in unknown filesystem. The filesystem on the md0 is XFS, and I assume the unknown filesystem is normal if its trying to read an individual disk instead of md0.
I have come close to losing my mind over this, I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling grub numerous times, `update-initramfs -u -k all` numerous times, `update-grub` numerous times, `grub-install` numerous times to all member disks without error, etc.
I even tried manually editing `grub.cfg` to replace all instances of `mduuid/b1c40379914e5d18dddb893b4dc5a28f` with `(md/0)` and then re-install grub, but the exact same error of no such device mduuid/b1c40379914e5d18dddb893b4dc5a28f still happened.
[URL] ....
One thing I noticed is it is only showing half the disks. I am not sure if this matters or is important or not, but one theory would be because there are two LSI cards physically in the machine.
This last screenshot was shown after I specifically altered grub.cfg to replace all instances of `mduuid/b1c40379914e5d18dddb893b4dc5a28f` with `mduuid/2c61b08d-cb1f-4c2c-8ce0-eaea15af32fb` and then re-ran grub-install on all member drives. Where it is getting this old b1c* address I have no clue.
I even tried installing a SATA drive on /dev/sda, outside of the array, and installing grub on it and booting from it. Still, same identical error.
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Feb 11, 2011
I have 2 identical disks originally configured as a pair for a server. Each of the disks has 2 partitions dev/sdb1,dev/sdb2. The sdb1 partitions I had configured as a raid1 mirror. The sdb2 partitions were non-raid and used as extra misc. Space. Further, the raid setup is also encrypted using dm-crypt luks. Now I want to redeploy each of the disks for new purposes. One of the disks i want to deploy exactly as before (keeping the partitions and content), however without being part of a raid array.
I've successfully deployed this disk into a new system and I am mounting the dev/sdb1 partition as dev/md0 because the disk is set to autodetect raid. Actually I am using cryptsetup and mounting with mapper. Can I get rid of the setting for auto detect on this partition without losing the data, or breaking the encryption? I just want to mount the partition as a standalone encrypted disk. Is it as simple as doing crypt setup luksOpen /dev/sdb1 then mounting it with mapper? Or do I need to change the partition in some way. Or do I simply continue to operate it as a 'broken' raid array?
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Mar 4, 2010
I'm trying to do some RAID managing with mdadm. I would like to sync my spare disk and then remove it from the array for making a backup out of it with dd command (the best way i can think of to get the current image of the whole system as it can't be done using the active RAID as source, because is constantly in use and changing). So, I have RAID1 array with 1 spare and 2 active disks (configuration listed below). Now I would like to force spare to sync and then remove it from array, although not faulty.
However, mdadm man page states:
"Devices can only be removed from an array if they are not in active use. i.e. that must be spares or failed devices. To remove an active device, it must be marked as faulty first."
So, I'd have to mark a disk as faulty (which it is not) to be able to remove it from array. There seems to be several people reporting that they can't remove this faulty flag accidentally given to a drive. And mdadm does not give direct for such operation. Isn't there a way I could remove and add disks whenever feeling like it?? One way would be open the cover and physically remove the disk. I'm not taking the risk, though. System is almost always in use, so there is not much chance for me to power off for temporary disk removal.
RAID CONFIGURATION:
~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 00.90.03
Creation Time : Fri Aug 4 17:38:26 2006
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 238950720 (227.88 GiB 244.69 GB)
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Mar 24, 2011
If you want, skip straight to the 'QUESTION' at the end of my post & refer to the 'EXPLANATION' later. EXPLANATION: Using Debian 6.01 Squeeze 64-bit. Just put together a brand new 3.3Ghz 6-core AMD. I had a nightmare with my Highpoint 640 raid controller, apparently because Debian Squeeze now handles raid through sysfs rather than /proc/scsi. The solution to this, of course, is to recompile the kernel with the appropriate module for /proc/scsi support. So I thought "screw that" and I've yanked out the raid card & went with Debians software raid. This allowed me to basically complete my mission. The raid is totally up and running, except for one final step... I can't get the raid to automount at boot.
My hardware setup;
- Debian is running totally on a 64Gb SSD. (sda)
- I have 3x 2Tb hard drives used for storage on a raid 1 array (sdc,sdd,sde)
[Code]....
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Jul 2, 2011
New to linux in general and am having issues on setting up a Raid 1 array for two disks on an HP Proliant Microserver which I am looking to be accessible from my windows PC. I have installed the latest version of debian succesfully on a 250GB disk that came with the server. I have added 2 2TB disks which I would like to have in a RAID 1 array and to have visible from windows to store music/videos etc on. I have managed to partition the two disks to FAT32 (which I think is best) and have managed to configure the array so that it shows as active when I use cat /proc/mdstat. I have been following the steps in this article [URl]... squeeze-p2 and trying to adapt it to my situation.
I am stuck on the step to create the file systems using the mkfs command. I try mkfs.vfat /dev/md0 and it comes up with the error mkfs.vfat: command not found. I have tried mkfs -t vfat /dev/md0 and it give the error "mkfs.vfat: No such file or directory" So my question is how can I continue with the process of setting up the array? Or maybe I should be asking is it possible to set up an array with FAT32 formatted disks?
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Jul 18, 2011
I'm trying to install debian-6.0.2.1 from hard diskand it can't find my iso image wich is on the slackware partition.i downloaded initrd.gz an vmlinuz,added some lines to lilo.conf so that i can boot but then when it searches for the iso image doesn't find it .
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Jul 6, 2015
I have a rented vserver running at Strato [URL]. It came preinstalled with Debian 7. I upgraded it to Debian 8, what seemed to run fine, all services running. The problems came up when I tried to reboot the server to test the init system. It just does not come up, I cannot ping it, nothing. I can boot into the rescue system, mount the system partitions and chroot in to the filesystem. In this state I also can run my services, including apache2 and mysql. In the syslog I find nothing about the reboot. Now I need to reboot ino the normal system. I already tried to resume to sysvinit without success.
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Dec 30, 2015
I am a newer to debian. I want to change the color of the vitrual terminal. I have found the function " setvtrgb ",but I don't know how to mix the color , Only text green and background black...
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Aug 27, 2010
I configure my system in a long time and now I have a suitable system! But I install all directories in one partition and now I like install again, but I need make an image of my configuration for install from it and after install I don't spend time for again configuration.
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May 30, 2010
I have a Knoppix DVD-ROM. I also have its image as k.iso at the second partition of HDD of my laptop. I use the DVD-ROM and write at the boot prompt the cheat code:
knoppix bootfrom=/dev/sda5/k.iso
I also have a folder Knoppix made during bootprompt by using the cheatcode knoppix tohd=/dev/sda5 and I can use the following cheatcode while booting from the DVD-ROM, like knoppix fromhd=/dev/sda5My laptop runs Debian Lenny 5.0.4, installed in the first partition of my HDD.
Can Grub be configured to boot from the Knoppix k.iso image, or the knoppix folder, which I use to use the Knoppix OS, so that I am freed from using the DVD, when I want to use the knoppix system?
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Aug 24, 2011
I would like to put an image in the background of my console (tty) like done by Gentoo or Suse : I found several tracks to follow, but I would like to have your advice on the best way to do that for Debian.
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Nov 26, 2015
I'm having issues with a RAID array.
Setup is like this:
Debian Jessie, 2 hard disks, each having 2 partitions: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2. Partitions were paired during installation, so they form /dev/md0 and /dev/md1. /dev/md0 is the root (/) partition, /dev/md1 is for /home.
At the end of the install process, I chose /dev/sda1 to carry Grub. And I think this is where I screwed things up.
After removing one of the hard drives, there was no boot capability. So, I installed Grub on /dev/sdb, too.
Now it displays the boot menu but cannot find the kernel. This is where I got lost in the process.
Do I need to reinstall the OS or is there a way to fix it? I suppose I have to edit Grub.
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Mar 13, 2010
I just expanded my raid 5 array from 3*2TB to 4*2TB and mdadm made the grow successfully and shows an md0 dev with the size of 6TB usable data. Now my problem is that Debian (Lenny) dosn´t show the right amount. See below
######### MDADM DETAILS OF ARRAY ##########
> mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Mon Dec 14 22:30:46 2009
Raid Level : raid5
[Code].....
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Mar 29, 2010
Have my proxy running on Lenny and tried to upgrade to squeeze. Originally the system was installed on Etch and upgrading to Lenny was no problem. In the system i have two RAID1 volumes, md0 for / and md1 for /home. For upgrading i added the sources to my apt.conf and startet dist-upgrade. During the installation procedure, when installing udev I was advised to install the new kernel first and continue upgrade after booting the kernel. so I installed the kernel by "apt-get install linux-image-2.6-686. When generating initramfs there was a message, that there are no arrays defined in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf I took a look and there were none. mdadm seems to have been update before.
I then added the lines for RAID definition and added the data for UUID The UUID I got from the output of "mdadm --detail /dev/md0"
What I don't understand: blkid gives the same UUIDs for the first partitions of the RAID and a different UUID for /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 than mdadm --detail The update of initramfs for kernel 2.6.32 then gives this result:
update-initramfs -u -k 2.6.32-3-686
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-3-686
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/e100/d102e_ucode.bin for module e100
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/e100/d101s_ucode.bin for module e100
[code].....
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