Debian Configuration :: Setting Up A RAID 1 FAt32 Array?
Jul 2, 2011
New to linux in general and am having issues on setting up a Raid 1 array for two disks on an HP Proliant Microserver which I am looking to be accessible from my windows PC. I have installed the latest version of debian succesfully on a 250GB disk that came with the server. I have added 2 2TB disks which I would like to have in a RAID 1 array and to have visible from windows to store music/videos etc on. I have managed to partition the two disks to FAT32 (which I think is best) and have managed to configure the array so that it shows as active when I use cat /proc/mdstat. I have been following the steps in this article [URl]... squeeze-p2 and trying to adapt it to my situation.
I am stuck on the step to create the file systems using the mkfs command. I try mkfs.vfat /dev/md0 and it comes up with the error mkfs.vfat: command not found. I have tried mkfs -t vfat /dev/md0 and it give the error "mkfs.vfat: No such file or directory" So my question is how can I continue with the process of setting up the array? Or maybe I should be asking is it possible to set up an array with FAT32 formatted disks?
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May 23, 2011
I need to set up a RAID 1 array on Squeeze. I have 3 partitions: sda1 is root, sda5 is home, and sda6 is swap. (sda2 is the extended partition containing home and swap. This was a clean installation, so I don't know what happened to sda3 and sda4...)
All the information that I've been able to find recommends doing something like this:
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
Do I need to type a separate command for each partition, or is there a better way to do it? Also, should I use the UUID instead of the dev names?
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Aug 29, 2015
Just setup with Debian 8 (LXDE) a few weeks ago. Raid10 array was preexisting.
Was working well. After booting I would need to go to the save as then would need to enter the root password and everything would be good.
Can't access the array.
Used to use the command $ mount /dev/dm-o /home/myspace/folder under Debian 7.6 to mount the array (no longer works).
blkd lists a /dev/md0 but instead of UUID it is PTUUID
[Code] .....
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Mar 4, 2010
I'm trying to do some RAID managing with mdadm. I would like to sync my spare disk and then remove it from the array for making a backup out of it with dd command (the best way i can think of to get the current image of the whole system as it can't be done using the active RAID as source, because is constantly in use and changing). So, I have RAID1 array with 1 spare and 2 active disks (configuration listed below). Now I would like to force spare to sync and then remove it from array, although not faulty.
However, mdadm man page states:
"Devices can only be removed from an array if they are not in active use. i.e. that must be spares or failed devices. To remove an active device, it must be marked as faulty first."
So, I'd have to mark a disk as faulty (which it is not) to be able to remove it from array. There seems to be several people reporting that they can't remove this faulty flag accidentally given to a drive. And mdadm does not give direct for such operation. Isn't there a way I could remove and add disks whenever feeling like it?? One way would be open the cover and physically remove the disk. I'm not taking the risk, though. System is almost always in use, so there is not much chance for me to power off for temporary disk removal.
RAID CONFIGURATION:
~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 00.90.03
Creation Time : Fri Aug 4 17:38:26 2006
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 238950720 (227.88 GiB 244.69 GB)
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Aug 31, 2010
concerning Linux, mdadm, and creating RAID Array's in Debian. I've done a lot of reading and research on RAID both on this board and elsewhere (The Linux Documentation Project's Software-RAID HOWTO is especially good), but I've run across something that no one seems to explain, and I'm not sure why. I'm instructed to create partitions on the drives I wish to add to my array. These partitions inevitably take up the whole disk, and are always have their system IDs set to "Linux raid autodetect". What I don't understand is why, after creating these partitions, some guides then go on to create an array (say a RAID5 one) with just the disks themselves as members, while others go on to create the RAID5 array with the previously created partitions as members. E.g.,
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
vs.
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
What's the advantage of using one over the other?
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Nov 26, 2015
I'm having issues with a RAID array.
Setup is like this:
Debian Jessie, 2 hard disks, each having 2 partitions: /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2. Partitions were paired during installation, so they form /dev/md0 and /dev/md1. /dev/md0 is the root (/) partition, /dev/md1 is for /home.
At the end of the install process, I chose /dev/sda1 to carry Grub. And I think this is where I screwed things up.
After removing one of the hard drives, there was no boot capability. So, I installed Grub on /dev/sdb, too.
Now it displays the boot menu but cannot find the kernel. This is where I got lost in the process.
Do I need to reinstall the OS or is there a way to fix it? I suppose I have to edit Grub.
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Dec 22, 2010
I installed Debian 5.0.3 (Backport with .34 Kernel), because my server hardware (Dell PowerEdge R210) needs special firmware and drivers.However, the installation went quite smooth.I put the system on a RAID 1 Array with about 500 GB space.s I said the installation went well, however, it doesn't boot! No GRUB, nothing
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Sep 27, 2010
I have a NETGEAR ReadyNAS NV+ with four 1TB drives in a RAID-5 array. This is our primary file storage. This has previously been backed up to a hardware RAID-0 array directly attached to our Windows server. The capacity of this backup array is no longer sufficient. So the plan was, take a bunch of 200GB to 320GB drives (And a 750) I had kicking around, chuck them in a couple of old SCSI drive enclosures I have collecting dust, attach them via IDA/SATA-to-USB adaptors to a USB hub, attach that to the server, create a JBOD array spanning the disks, and back up the NAS to that. Performance is not an issue as this is just to be used for backup, with the idea being as near to zero cost as possible (Spend so far = NZ$100�ish).
The first hurdle I struck was Windows not supporting Dynamic Disks on USB drives (Required to create a spanned volume). At first I resisted using another machine (i.e. a machine running Ubuntu) as I didn't want to dedicate a piece of hardware to backing up the NAS. I then decided it would be acceptable to do this via a VM, which is what I've done.So I have 10.04 running under VMWare Server 2.0.2 under Windows Server 2008 R2. The disks are all presented to the VM. I wasn't sure if I was going to end up creating the array under LVM or something else, but I noticed Disk Utility has an option to create an array, so I tried that. When I add two 250GB drives, the array size is 500GB. When I then add a 160GB drive, the array size drops to 480GB. Huh? If I keep adding disks (Regardless of order) the final array size comes out at 1.8 TB, as per the attached screenshot. Now with the following drives, I expected something more like:
160 + 250 + 250+ 750 + 250 +200 + 200 + 250 + 320 + 250 + 320 = 3.2TB
Am I missing something or making a false assumption somewhere?
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Dec 2, 2010
Alright, I have this issue on both SystemRescueCD and Debian Squeeze. I have an ASUS P5Q Turbo board that supports hardware RAID. If I configure an array and then start the Linux installer or boot the rescue CD, I get /dev/sda and /dev/sdb instead of an array. What gives? I need to start installing within the hour so I am desperate for an answer!
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Jun 24, 2009
I've tried to install Fedora 11, both 32 and 64 on my main machine.It could not install as it stops on the first install window. I've already filed a bug but really haven't seen any feed back yet.The bug has something to do with Anaconda and the Raid array but I really can't tell.
I have an Intel Board (see signature). I am running intel raid software under W7 currently.It works fine. But, I'm wondering, when I attempt to install F!!, is my current raid set-up causing problems? Do I need to get rid of the intel raid software and use a Fedor/Linux raid program to manage the raid array??
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Aug 19, 2010
We've started using Debian based servers more and more in work and are getting the hang of it more and more every day. Right now I'm an ace at setting up partitions, software RAID and LVM volumes etc through the installer, but if I ever need to do the same thing once the system's up and running then I become unstuck.
Is there any way I can get to partman post-install, or any similar tools that do the same thing? Or failing that are there any simple guides to doing these things through the various command line tools?
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Mar 21, 2011
I have 2x 1.5TB hard disks and I'm going to buy a new 2TB drive soon. First though I just wanted to check that I could partition off the first 1/4 to 1/3 of the 2TB drive (leaving 1.5TB or more free) and install Debian to that part, then use the remainder of the disk in combination with the 2x 1.5 TB drives in RAID 5? i.e. can you mix whole drives and with partitions from other drives in RAID 5 and/or is it best to just stick with complete drives for the RAID array?I only have room for 3 drives in the small mATX case that houses my NAS device and I want to maximise storage capacity and minimise expense.
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Feb 20, 2016
How can i get a RAID virtual image disk?
What i need is to mount several directories from any other partiton (or file system) as a new merge file system that can grow or decrease depending on the free space. As if it was a dinamic RAID,so i can work with huge files distributed over the partitions mounted.
Ejemp: /mnt/sda1/dir_raid1 + /home/dir_raid2 + /mnt/sda3/dir_raid3 ---> /mnt/RAID/
mhddfs and unionfs <---- are not the solution im searching (cant use huge files)
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Mar 24, 2011
If you want, skip straight to the 'QUESTION' at the end of my post & refer to the 'EXPLANATION' later. EXPLANATION: Using Debian 6.01 Squeeze 64-bit. Just put together a brand new 3.3Ghz 6-core AMD. I had a nightmare with my Highpoint 640 raid controller, apparently because Debian Squeeze now handles raid through sysfs rather than /proc/scsi. The solution to this, of course, is to recompile the kernel with the appropriate module for /proc/scsi support. So I thought "screw that" and I've yanked out the raid card & went with Debians software raid. This allowed me to basically complete my mission. The raid is totally up and running, except for one final step... I can't get the raid to automount at boot.
My hardware setup;
- Debian is running totally on a 64Gb SSD. (sda)
- I have 3x 2Tb hard drives used for storage on a raid 1 array (sdc,sdd,sde)
[Code]....
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Mar 13, 2010
I just expanded my raid 5 array from 3*2TB to 4*2TB and mdadm made the grow successfully and shows an md0 dev with the size of 6TB usable data. Now my problem is that Debian (Lenny) dosn´t show the right amount. See below
######### MDADM DETAILS OF ARRAY ##########
> mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Mon Dec 14 22:30:46 2009
Raid Level : raid5
[Code].....
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Mar 29, 2010
Have my proxy running on Lenny and tried to upgrade to squeeze. Originally the system was installed on Etch and upgrading to Lenny was no problem. In the system i have two RAID1 volumes, md0 for / and md1 for /home. For upgrading i added the sources to my apt.conf and startet dist-upgrade. During the installation procedure, when installing udev I was advised to install the new kernel first and continue upgrade after booting the kernel. so I installed the kernel by "apt-get install linux-image-2.6-686. When generating initramfs there was a message, that there are no arrays defined in /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf I took a look and there were none. mdadm seems to have been update before.
I then added the lines for RAID definition and added the data for UUID The UUID I got from the output of "mdadm --detail /dev/md0"
What I don't understand: blkid gives the same UUIDs for the first partitions of the RAID and a different UUID for /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 than mdadm --detail The update of initramfs for kernel 2.6.32 then gives this result:
update-initramfs -u -k 2.6.32-3-686
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-3-686
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/e100/d102e_ucode.bin for module e100
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/e100/d101s_ucode.bin for module e100
[code].....
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Aug 12, 2010
I've got an 8-disk raid-5 setup, and one of the disks failed. I shut the system down, replaced it, and powered the box back on again. Then, I made a catastrophic mistake; I 'failed' and removed the wrong disk (should have been sdj1, and I typed sdk1 by accident). I tried to re-add sdk1 back to the raid array, but it got listed as 'spare'. My raid array is off-line, since I now have 2 disks unavailable.
I know that the data still exists on sdk1, is there any way I can get the raid array to recognise the fact that it's a valid part of the array, and not a spare disk? At least if I can do that, I'll have a degraded but accessible array, and then I can rebuild the array on the properly replaced disk.
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Jan 5, 2011
I would like to run a mailing daemon on my system that would receive incoming mail and forwards it to my Gmail account. I have no experience in mail services and forwarding mail at all. where to start reading and/or look for clues?
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Apr 9, 2011
I have two ethernet NIC's on my debian server. One built-in Realtek [eth0] (attached to internet), and a PCI Nvidia ethernet card [eth1] (attached to my Win7 netbook). I used this guide to setup the bridge: url. It worked when I was behind a router. But when I moved the computer in front of the router, to direct connect to the internet, the internet stopped functioning on any device that I plug into my Nvidia NIC. The name of my bridge is 'br0'. Does anyone know how to fix it, so I can route the internet to my second NIC?
My Win7 netbook displays this at an 'ipconfig' command:
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix:
Link-local IPv6 Address.....: fe80::143e:4cab:f802:8611%12
Autoconfiguration IPv4 Address..: 169.254.134.17
Subnet Mask.......:255.255.0.0
Default Gateway......:
My Debian interfaces file:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo br0
iface lo inet loopback
# Set up interfaces manually, avoiding conflicts with, e.g., network manager
iface eth0 inet manual
iface eth1 inet manual
# Bridge setup
iface br0 inet dhcp
bridge_ports eth0 eth1
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Jun 22, 2011
I just installed Debian 6 squeeze on a P3, 632 MB RAM, 20 GB HD, and am trying to get it on-line. Ran lspci and lsusb on it (advice from another forum). Got the following results:
[Code]....
Exactly what I am trying to do: Existing network is as follows: Comcast internet to cable modem to Belkin N Wireless Router Model F5D 8236-4 v3. That router is wired to one desktop (running Windows XP)and has 4 wifi notebooks (two running Windows 7 and two running Mint 9 Isadora) and two Wii consoles running off of it. I am seeking to add another desktop to the network in another room without having to drill some holes and run about 40 feet of cable. Seems like it shouldn't take much to get the two routers to "talk" to each other so I can do this. The router I am trying to hook to it is either a Belkin F5D 9230-4 wireless router or a NetGear N150 WNR1000 v2 Wireless router.
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Oct 19, 2010
Consider the following setup: Ubuntu system installed on a separate SSD for speed. An ubuntu software RAID array consisting of X number of physical HDD's for storage (RAID6 or RAID10). RAID setup is done during system install. If I suffer a total crash of the SSD and loose my system, will I be able to, using a new system disk, "reconnect" to the RAID array even if the "mothersystem" of the software RAID is lost? If yes, are there any particular config- or system files I need to backup to be able to rescue the array or will it just be recognized "out-of-the-box" when reinstalling ubuntu?
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Sep 18, 2015
I have a problem activating the hotspot on my debian 8. The issue is that I can't activate the hotspot to give other devices wifi connection.
I have the correct driver packages from the non-free repositories (firmware-realtek) and this service (hotspot) worked fine on distros like Ubuntu, Mint and Fedora .
I tried hostapd but it didn't work. I'm using cinnamon desktop.
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Mar 21, 2010
setting up NAT and firewalling for both IPv4 and IPv6. The machine is headless, so everything must be configured via CLI. I've done all IPv4 firewall configuration writing iptables rules in a bash script so far
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Apr 5, 2010
I'm trying to set up a small web server with php and sqlite support. I installed lighttpd, php5, php-sqlite3 and php5-sqlite3. Then, I enabled sqlite and pdo extensions in php.ini:
extension=pdo.so
extension=sqlite.so
extension=pdo_sqlite.so
However, when I try to open a SQLite3 database from php:
$database = new SQLiteDatabase($myDB, 666, $error);
I get the following exception:
SQLiteDatabase::__construct() [sqlitedatabase.--construct]: file is encrypted or is not a database
Some readings in the net make me think that my php settings are not compatible with SQLite3 databases. Is anyone successfully working with SQLite3 databases from PHP5 under Debian? Have you any recommendations? Should I rebuild php maybe?
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Nov 26, 2010
I am putting together a server and computer lab at my school for Standardized testing, and am planning on using debian for it. But first, i must prove to the school board that this is a possible and viable option, so right now it is one pc with 1 gig ram (Going to be the server for this experiment), and two others with around 512 mb ram.the problem with all this is, the computers in the lab cannot have hard drives, as there is some sort of licencing issue. So I need to be able to have these two testing computers boot from the server's hard drive.
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Jan 3, 2011
I have 2 windows pc's in my home and an office computer that have my files strewn about. I wanted to have them all in one central location that keeps a backup copy, so i used an old machine to start building a file server. I installed debian 5.0 on the machine, command line interface only. I have gotten ssh working so that i can do all my work on the box from one of my windows pc's by logging in with putty.my current problem is how to easily use the box hard drive for storing my files in an easily accessible way. i'm still working on getting samba to work so that i could map the /home directory to a drive letter on my two home pc's, but i'd also like to access files from my work pc. Before i do that, though, i wanted to know if this is safe and secure to map a drive on a remote machine through the internet? Are there any other security concerns I need to be addressing by having this file server set up?
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Jan 7, 2011
We have the following server at collocation: [URL]
Provider's technicians were working for 3 hrs but finally were unable to set up hardware RAID1 on it.
What could prevent them from doing it? Is it difficult to set up RAID1? It is mentionned as basic function in specifications.
They said debian not booting after raid configured...
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Mar 23, 2011
I am trying to figure out what needs to be done to automatically set read/write permissions for everyone for my proprietary USB device on system boot. I have created a udev rules file which changes the permissions for the device when it is connected, but it does not change the permissions when the system is booted with the device already connected. The file looks like this:
SUBSYSTEM=="usb_device", SYSFS{idVendor}=="our vendor id", MODE="0666"
Does something else need to be added to the rules file to make it work when the system boots with the device connected? Is there some other script which needs to be created somewhere?
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Apr 30, 2011
Would like to know the best way (or the pros and cons of different ways) to set up Alsa. I did a search for information on how to setup alsa on my system. I found a lot of out-of-date information even on the alsa wiki. What I did finally locate was two different methods for setup, both seemed somewhat up-to-date. One method at the alsa wiki said to put part of the information in the modprobe directory in a conf file and set up certain aliases. Earlier suggestions for putting information in modprobe.conf or conf.modprobe appear to be outdated and a directory with separate files for each device and a conf extension to the files is currently used. The second method from a thread on the Debian forum said to use alsactl init, set sound levels the way you want and then use alsactl save and restore functionality. Older methods using alsaconf instead of alsactl init appear to be outdated as well. Not sure where to put the call to alsactl restore though. Didn't notice that in the documentation.In case it matters, I'm running Debian Stable and have a built-in sound card on the motherboard with AC97 compatibility. It's a Realtek ALC882.
Is there a preferred or better method for setting up alsa? Is there a good pointer to instructions that are not out-of-date somewhere? Would be very interested to hear how others set sound up on their machines. What do others recommend as best steps to do this?
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Jul 16, 2011
Setting up my Squeeze test box, I can't seem to get APache2 to find index.html. It keeps coming up with the initial "It works!" page.
On my Squeeze server, the /etc/apache2/httpd.conf file contains this line:
DocumentRoot /home/www_local
and that box serves the website perfectly.
On the test box, I created the /home/www_local directory and put an index.html file in it, then populated /etc/apache2/httpd.conf with exactly the same DocumentRoot line and restarted Apache. Still the same result -- Apache isn't finding my index.html file. I have grep'ed all the files in /etc/apache2 and /etc/apache2/conf.d looking for 'DocumentRoot' and it's not in any of them.
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