General :: Meanings Of /usr/sbin, /usr/local/sbin And /usr/local/bin ?
Aug 19, 2011
Let's get clear with all bin and sbin folders(from filesystem hierarchy standard):
So the question is: Why there are so many directories and what are the meanings of /usr/sbin, /usr/local/sbin and /usr/local/bin?
Many programs are distributed through archives and we have to build them from source code. Usually they have makefile so it's quite easy. This process involves creating files in usr/local/lib, usr/local/bin... usr/local/whatever without creating specific folders for a given program.
I think it's not right because if we need to remove the program we have to manually delete every of its files if the program's creator didn't take care of it.
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Feb 6, 2010
I run a headless Ubuntu 8.04 server, which acts as a web, email and file server. I am sticking with 8.04 as it is a LTS release and will upgrade to the next LTS when it is released.
I have two external USB drives, that I need to mount at boot. I have been using /etc/fstab up until now, with the following entries:
Code:
However, as I gather from doing searches is quite common, occasionally I get an error during boot (causing the system to drop to a recovery shell) because the USB drives take time to wake up and the system hasn't found them by the time it reads /etc/fstab.
From doing searches, it seems there is nothing you can do to fstab to fix this, so you need to mount them using an rc.local script instead, using:
Code:
The problem is, as I have two USB drives, their /dev/sdxx location changes between boots. I thus want to use UUID codes as I do in fstab, however I haven't found anything about this.
Does anyone know how I can use the mount command and UUID to mount a drive in rc.local and what options I have to use the mount the drive with the same options that I am using in my fstab entry? Obvisouly, I can't refer back to fstab using the mount command, because then I will still get the boot error issue if they are listed in fstab. And there is no space internally for the USB drives as there is already two internal drives.
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Oct 1, 2010
I have installed Ubuntu 10.04 .. normally and I installed also some programs; I had problems with the monitor and many times I shutted dow the CPU when I changed the monitor and turned on angain and appears a black screen:after
mount: mounting /dev on root/dev failed: no such such file or dir
mount: mounting /sys on root/sys failed: no such such file or dir
mount: mounting /proc on root/proc failed: no such such file or dir
[code]...
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Apr 17, 2011
I have an Acer netbook with the netbook version of Ubuntu and Windows 7. When I try to boot on Ubuntu I get a terminal that says "Target filesystem doesn't have /sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init= bootarg." I've found questions about this, but I get lost at "after booting from livecd." I put ubuntu-10.10-netbook-i386 on a flash card, but I don't know how to boot from it; I think that's my main problem.
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Dec 9, 2010
One of Konqueror's unique features is that i can name a local process as the action in a form. When i submit that form, the local process is executed. Very helpful for certain offline tasks. What would make it even better is if i could find a way to pass some data to that local process from the html page. This could be the content of a hidden input item, etc. Alternatively, if there is a way for Konqueror to create or update a local file with data from the html page, that would acheive the same end.
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Jun 8, 2010
I just installed amanda-backup_client-2.6.0p2-1.rhel4.i386.rpm on my Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 system. But I don't know who to check if it successfully installed or not. When I try to run amrecover from root, I get:
-bash: /usr/sbin/amrecover: cannot execute binary file
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Sep 27, 2010
What command would you use to read about the sync system call (not the sync command)? How would you read a local man page for sync that was kept in the /usr/local/share/man?
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Dec 9, 2009
I am trying to install tilp, a program for the link between a computer and a Texas Instruments calculator. I have downloaded all the packages to a local directory. I tried telling yum to install all the packages at the same time, though, the dependencies still fail to resolve (though they are all in the directory). I don't know if it would be safe to force install without the dependencies (even though I would install them later).
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Nov 24, 2010
I have installed CentOS 5.5 x86-64 on my HP 6710b laptop and currently am in the middle of adjusting it to my needs (software/hardware development). As stated in the subject I can't add /sbin to $PATH. I have tried editing .bash_profile in my home directory and adding /sbin to PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin, but it does not help. It's not a big problem, al though it would be much easier to use some commands (ifconfig for example) globaly.
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Feb 14, 2011
I just installed CentOS 5 last night. Former Debian user.I was having problems with commands like ifconfig and visudo. So naturally I ran locate and noticed that they where in /usr/sbin. Then echo $PATH and noticed /usr/sbin was not there.Should I add it to my $PATH?
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Feb 19, 2011
As I login as root, the bash is /sbin/sh. So I have problem to run script under /ect/rc3.d/myScript
So I want to change the bash from /sbin/sh to /bin/bash.
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Oct 7, 2010
I am using sda1 as /, which is a bootable drive. I do not know if my problem is that I did not create a /boot drive. After removing the iso dvd, I tried to reboot and I get this back: -bash: /sbin/reboot: input/output error Then it returns me to the terminal prompt.
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Jul 26, 2011
I have a postfix mail server on ubuntu 10.04 lts behind a router. so all local users are fetching/sending mails through ms outlook using local IP. Sometimes when internet goes down and any mail send then it bounced back immediately saying domain not found. Can u please tell me how i configure to hold all mails in postfix server rather than bounce when internet fails and will pass through when restored the internet around 15-30 minutes?
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Nov 24, 2010
I am having some issues about every other time y to boot into Arch linux.it is installed on my third hard drive, and my grub from Fedora is what it boots from.about every other time i try to boot into it i get this error:
Code:
Waiting 10 seconds for device /dev/sdb3...
ext4-fs (sdb3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Opts: (null)
[code]...
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Jun 16, 2011
This might be nothing but when booting a computer directly into the console (tty), and running htop, I expect the list of running processes to be very short, but it turns out I have more than 50 instances of /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon running (see screenshot below). Is this normal?
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Aug 2, 2010
I am using Debian Lenny as my server to host multiple databases.
Whenever, I used to add a new database, I used to add an IP address like eth0:test in the /etc/network/interfaces file.
Today when I tried to do the same, I got an error when I tried to start the interface by typing "#ifup eth0:test". I also tried to do in this way "#ifconfig eth0:test up" but both of then yielded the same error saying "/sbin/ifconfig: no such file or directory".
The path is valid and the files are also present there. There are ifup, ifdown, if and ifconfig files in the /sbin directory. I also checked the permissions which is root:root. But still I cannot find the problem.
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Jul 14, 2010
I got this upon installation of the new kernel:
Code:
And then, on the Cleanup phase:
Code:
My question is, am I going to have issues on reboot, and if so, is there anything I can do to prevent them?
I'm a bit loose on what, specifically, grubby does other than what yum info tells me:
Code:
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Apr 29, 2011
System responds (i'm translating from Italian):
"Unable to run the command '/usr/sbin/ipblock start_gui"
I checked directory /sbin, but there is no track of this "Ipblock star_gui". I have a Suse 11.4 updated system.
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Feb 1, 2010
I have a problem when booting my pc.I uninstaled bootchart and since then kernel goes to panic..saying /sbin/boot:no such file or directory..I followed the Repair Installed System from my dvd but it fails at the end and it just reboots the system..Is there any way to baypass this problem without reinstalling the OS?
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Mar 4, 2010
Having trouble booting into Kubuntu originally installed with Wubi.The system returns this error:
Code:
mount: mounting /dev/loop0 on /root failed: Device or resource busy
mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory
[code]....
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Oct 11, 2010
I've recently installed 10.10 onto my laptop, a Toshiba Equium A-100. It's been working perfectly for the last few weeks, but today I woke up, booted and got this;
Code:
mount: mounting dev/disk/by-uuid/9f8e1fd1-ca75-4eeb-8afc-a6b7bd756180 on /root
failed: Invalid argument
mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory
[code]....
I'm a bit of a linux newbie, and while I can use the system fine, once we get into a shell I'm out of my depth. My laptop is useless now, and, unluckily, my 2000 word end-of-semester submission is on it. No, I didn't back it up because I wrote it last night. Arrgh.
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Nov 15, 2010
I hope that you will be able to help me. I know that my topic may seem the same as some other threads, but there is a twist and it seems that I can't sort things out. I installed Ubuntu on the family's 4 year old Dell about a year ago when Windows stopped working (too many bluescreens!). It seed to be good, until one day when I tried to boot and it listed some codes on a black screen. I then reinstalled ubuntu from one of my disks, and it worked fine... until the entire thing occurred again a week later. This happened once or twice more, until today's problem:
It won't boot into ubuntu and also has white writing on the black background (read this below). I tried to reinstall from a ubuntu install disk, burned additional install disks, made an install usb, and also tried opensuse. They all say the below message when I try to boot into the disk:
Killed
mount: mounting on /dev on root/dev failed: No such file or directory
mount: mounting on /sys on root/sys failed: No such file or directory
mount: mounting on /proc on root/proc failed: No such file or directory
Target filesystem doesn't have /sbin/init.
[Code]...
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Nov 27, 2010
After normal use the computer was turned on and would not load (10.04) and the error message on the screen was :
Quote:
/sbin/init: error while loading shared libraries: libnih.so.1: cannot open shared object file: Input/output error
[ 26.369130] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
Anyways, I put the hard drive in an external unit, and I ran fsck. Many errors came up and they were all fixed. I was able to mount the drive on my other computer and back up files in the home directory.
If I try to select recovery mode and the same error appears.
What can I do in this case? Can I somehow get into a recovery-like mode off of the livecd to maybe fix the packages that might be "messed up"?
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Jun 4, 2010
I am trying to find the ip address on my Red Hat Linux box, but there is no ipconfig file in my /sbin/ directory. I did a 'locate ipconfig' in the terminal and the only files I got were plipconfig, sipconfig.py/c/o, plipconfig.8.gz, ipconfig.h. I dont know what happened to my ipconfig file. Where I can get a new copy of it?
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Sep 15, 2010
when I start my laptop (Ubuntu 10), it even doesnt offer log in and writes this:mount: mounting/ proc on / root/ proc failed: No such file on directory Target filesystem doesntt have sbin/init. No init found. Try passing init=bootarg.device scan complete, Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0I tried to restart it several times, but it shows the same. The evening before I used it to show some files on projector and after I disconnected my laptop from it, it was a bit slower, but working. And the next morning I get that message. As I just started with Linux,
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May 16, 2010
I'd like a way to see all of the devices on my local network and what their local IP address is. I recall that I used wireshark to troubleshoot a similar problem a while back, but it doesn't seem to have a way to see all of the devices- only the traffic. (I'd like to do this without having to physically interface with my router if possible, and I am in an encrypted network if that matters)
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Jun 28, 2011
I have installed a web server on my local network. Everything is well configured and web pages are shown correctly from Internet (outside the local network) using the domain or the public IP.The issue is if I try to see that web pages (using the domain or the public IP) from inside the local network. In that case the router config page (192.168.1.1) is shown instead of the web pages.From inside the local network I'm only able to see the web pages using the internal IP address (192.168.1.XX).
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Feb 18, 2011
Have decided to finally give Linux a try instead of Vista. Purchased RHL 9 and receiving the above message.
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Feb 20, 2010
Im trying to setup pwm config on this computer so that the fans wont come on to loud. Motherboard is DFI lanparty JR p45-t2rs. there is pwm hardware, as i have used pwm config in arch on the same computer. any pointers you can give me to get pwm control working on this pc? edit: during sensors detect. im told that the it87 module is needed. but i cannot load it:
mark@torrentslave:~$ sudo modprobe it87
FATAL: Error inserting it87 (/lib/modules/2.6.31-17-server/kernel/drivers/hwmon/it87.ko): Device or resource busy
mark@torrentslave:~$
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Mar 22, 2010
My UBUNTU 8.04 server does not boot anymore : here is the error message :Quote:Target filesystem doesn't have /sbin/initPrevious messages on the boot were :Quote:
kinit: name_to_dev_t(/dev/disk/by-uuid/0a301...a8 = md1(9.1)
kinit: trying to resume from /dev/disk/by-uuid/0a301...a8
kinit : No resume image, doing normal boot...
[code]....
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