General :: Filesystems - File System For Removable Storage?
Apr 7, 2011
I have a 500GB external drive I want to use on a couple of Linux systems, and looking for a filesystem for it. External drives are frequently formatted in FAT32, but I don't need to interoperate with Windows and would rather avoid the ugly limited kludge that is FAT.
Since I only need to use it on Linux, I would use ext4 or XFS, but they store ownership information. Ideally, I'd use a proper Unix file system that doesn't track ownership (files are owned by whoever mounts the device, like they are when mounting a FAT32 partition), but I do not know of any file system that does that.What would be a good file system for this disk?
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Feb 12, 2010
I've been using *Unix systems for many years now, and I've always been led to believe that its best to partition certain dirs into separate FileSystems, off the main root FS.
For instance, /tmp /var /usr etc
Leaving as little as possible on the main / system.
Its so that you don't fill up the root system be accident, by some user putting in too bigger files in /tmp, for example.
I would presume that filling the / system would not be too good for Linux, as it would not be able to write logs and possibly other things that it needs to.
I believe that if root gets full, then there is something like a 5% amount saved for just 'root' to write to, so that it can do its stuff.
However, eventually, / will become full, and writes will fail.
On top of this, certain scripting tools, such as awk, use the /tmp/ system to store temp files in, and awk wont be able to write to /tmp/ as its full, so awk will fail.
However, I'm being advised that there is no need to put /tmp /var etc onto separate FSs, as there is no problem nowerdays with / filling up. So, /tmp /var /usr are all on the root FS.
I'm talking about large systems, with TBs of data (which is on a separate FS), and with a user populations of around 800-1000 users, and 24/7 system access.
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Aug 28, 2010
Is there some file in Linux that enumerates and describes mount options for file systems like /etc/services describes ports?
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Jan 12, 2010
I need commands which five me the following details abt all the file systems mounted the linux box
type
mount pt
file system id
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Jan 22, 2010
How to you mount a removable storage in Kubuntu 9.10 that is running on a dual-boot machine with Microsoft Windows XP.
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Jul 17, 2010
I am trying to play or backup various DVDs i have recently bought and keep geting this error message: (mind the wrap) org.freedesktop.hal.storage.mount-removable auth_admin_keep_always <-- (action, result) from KIOExec What in tarnation is going on. How about a useful error message.
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Aug 22, 2011
Is it possible to write/edit files on HFS+ drive from Linux? Yes I need to disable journaling but how can I disable journaling from Linux? I dont have access to mac.
Or any tool available for doing this?
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Mar 11, 2011
I'm interested in buying a new hardware for my company. The old server (now 10 years old) should be replaced with a new one. Till now, I was looking on different hardware suppliers, boards and different other places. I found a Tyan board [URL]. The hardware spec is quite interesting and the board would fullfill our claims.
how both storage devices will be supported by Ubuntu or Debian??
- SATA-Controller: AMD SP5100
- SAS-Controller: LSI 1068E
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Jan 23, 2010
My home server runs Debian Lenny, and I'm about to upgrade the system drive to a larger drive.In the process, I want to take the opportunity to reorganize the partitions and resize them. For learning purposes, I'm planning to migrate from an MBR partition table to GPT.Because of those two changes, I can't just run "dd if=/old/drive of=/new/drive" (well, not without lots more work afterwards). I could use the debootstrap process to get a fresh installation on the new system drive, but I used that technique during the last system upgrade and it's probably overkill for this.Can I just copy the partitions from the old drive to the new?Will "dd if=/dev/hda1 of=/dev/hdb2" work, assuming /dev/hdb2 is larger than /dev/hda1? (If so, the filesystem can be resized to take advantage of the new larger partition, right?)Would parted (or gparted) be a better tool for copying the contents of the partitions?
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May 16, 2011
Is there any way to know which process had created any file in Linux Red Hat/CentOS 5?
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Jul 31, 2010
I have a bunch of disk images, made with ddrescue, on an EXT partition, and I want to reduce their size without losing data, while still being mountable. How can I fill the empty space in the image's filesystem with zeros, and then convert the file into a sparse file so this empty space is not actually stored on disk?
For example:
> du -s --si --apparent-size Jimage.image
120G Jimage.image
> du -s --si Jimage.image
121G Jimage.image
This actually only has 50G of real data on it, though, so the second measurement should be much smaller.
This supposedly will fill empty space with zeros: cat /dev/zero > zero.file rm zero.file But if sparse files are handled transparently, it might actually create a sparse file without writing anything to the virtual disk, ironically preventing me from turning the virtual disk image into a sparse file itself. :) Does it? Note: For some reason, sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=./zero.file works when cat does not on a mounted disk image.
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Apr 10, 2011
One of the good points of linux is that is easy to customize the partitioning scheme of the disk and put each directory (/home, /var, etc) in diferent partitions and/or diferent disk. Then we can use diferen file system/configurations for each of them for make them better. xamples:
noatime is a mount option to not write access time on the files. data=writeback is an option to layz write metadata on new files. ext3/4 has journaling that make the partition more secure in case of a crash. bigger blocks make the partition waste more space, but make it faster to read and may become more fragmented. (not sure) Then: What are the best filesystem/configurations for each directory? Note: given the answer of Patches, will only discuss /, /home and /var only.
/var -> It's modified constantly, it write logs, cache, temporal, etc.
/home -> stores important files.
/-> stores everything else (/etc and /usr should be here)
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Aug 12, 2010
I have doubts regarding storage:
How to configure the Events of Storage Processor?
What are performance issues will come daily in a critical production server?
What are first steps for disk performance Check?
What are first steps for Storage Processor performance Check?
What are first steps for MetaLUN performance Check?
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Jun 8, 2010
I am trying to do the cluster storage with the Rock Cluster storage operating system . I have install the rock cluster on the main server . and I want to connect the client with the PXE boot . when I starting the client then it boot from the PXE boot into the mode of compute node. but it ask the where is to be stored the I have give the path..then server says that not able to find the directory path.
Steps:-
1) insert-ethers
2) client is started with the PXE boot.
3) it detects the dhcp .
4) At last it demand where is to be started by cd-rom, harddisk ,nfs etc.
then I started with the nfs and I have given the lanIp of server.and server is detecting the client but client is not finding the filesystem directory. into export partition directory but it is not taking path.
PATH:-
/export/rock/install it is not finding this path then it is not able to start the o/s from PXE boot..Is there any solution and manual of rock or anyother solution then u can reply to me...
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Mar 25, 2010
i need to install windows to my computer, but i don't want to loose my linux either.So what i wonder is, since my filesystem is ext4, which filesystem can be used for both operation systems.Do i need to have fat32 or ntfs or can i still use under windows ext4? I have a large collection of movies on my one partition and if i have to convert it, then it will be kinda pain.
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Mar 1, 2011
I've got a problem with my 3G modem [Huawei E122].
It has internal storage and kernel assigns a device [/dev/sdX] to it.
Because of that, every second time my machine will not boot - kernel panic - as my usb hdd gets assigned /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda.
I cannot use LABEL nor UUID in root= kernel parameter, as it is only available when using initrd, and I can't use it - I am using Debian on my router - mips architecture machine.
I have to prevent this from happening, as my router has to start everyday and I have to be sure it works ok. I don't have physical access to restart it when something goes wrong.
I don't use my modem internal storage, there's no SD card inserted. However kernel detects the reader and loads it.
I can not prevent loading od usb drivers since my hdd is on USB as well.
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Jun 7, 2010
I have a 2TB USB drive which I use as a backup device - I dump two filesystems onto it, totalling around 1TB. However, doing the dump trashes my F11 system, making it basically unusable, not only during the dump but also afterwards. I have 8GB of RAM, all of which is needed and normally in use, but when dumping, the system starts hogging huge amounts of it as buffer space - up to 1GB of RAM is reported to be allocated. And rather than using free memory for buffer space, it seems to aggressively swap processes out to get it. The system tends to melt down as a result, and just switching virtual desktops can take 5 minutes.
But after the dumps finish, the problems continue - the system is currently trying to keep around 700-800MB free, and continually swapping out processes to do so, even after the buffer space in use has gone back to about 100MB. This seems like strange behaviour for a fairly common type of activity. Presumably a lot of the buffer space is used to store what is being read from the filesystem (which will never be needed again), and some is used to cache the writes to the USB drive which is slower than the internal hard drives.
I have spent a lot of time trying changes to some of the kernel parameters, after reading articles about them. Of all the ones I've tried, setting vm.dirty_ratio to 1 instead of 5 helps a bit, and setting vm.dirty_background_ratio to 5 instead of 20 makes some improvement I think. Setting vm.swappiness to 0 doesn't seem to help at all.
So my question (at last!) is - how can I back up my filesystems without my system dying? In particular, can I limit the space used for buffers somehow, or turn off buffering for the dump process? And why does dumping result in the system artificially keeping huge amounts of space free afterwards, so I have to reboot to make the system usuable again?
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May 10, 2011
My requirement. We have a linux File server which was connected to SAN (IBM DS4700)now I need to increase my capacity by 50GB I've added the 50GB through the IBM storage manager to the File server, but it doesn't showing on my linux file server
bellow the detail of my drives
/dev/mapper/mpath0p6 1.6G 287M 1.2G 20% /
/dev/mapper/mpath0p7 837M 240M 554M 31% /var
/dev/mapper/mpath0p3 4.1G 2.5G 1.4G 65% /usr
/dev/mapper/mpath0p2 5.1G 1.7G 3.2G 36% /home
/dev/mapper/mpath0p1 200M 24M 166M 13% /boot
tmpfs 2.1G 0 2.1G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/mpath0p8 356G 303G 36G 90% /filesrv
I need to add the 50GB on to the "mpath0p8".
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Apr 13, 2011
i have about 22 gb of music (mp3 & ogg) on my laptop harddrive.i also have an unused sony mp3 player with a 20 gb hard drive.what i want to do is back up the 22gb into a 20 gb space the music does not need to be playable on the sony player...just using it as a back up device.ok...2 issues:1. when i've tried compressing (tar.gz) mp3 files, little to no space is saved, i assume that a mp3 is pretty compressed already.is there another way to compress effectively ? i dont want to reduce bit rates of the individual music tracks.2. i formatted the sony hd using ext4, but this leaves me with only 16 gb usable space. tried fat32 and this left me with about 18gb.
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Apr 1, 2010
My ubuntu stops when mounting system hdd. The screen display the following messages :
mountall:/etc/fstab: No such file or directory fsck from util-linux-ng 2.16 WARNING: couldn't open /etc/fstab: No such file or directory init: mountall main process (545) terminated with status 1 General error mounting filesystems. A maintenance shell will now be started. CONTROL-D will terminate this shell and re-try. udevd[560]: can not read '/etc/udev/rules.d/z80_user.rules. Ubuntu: clean, 474879/24231936 files/28016581/96898047 blocks root@i7:~# exit_
I suspect the disk manager pysdm that i had just installed today and it had crash during the previous session. The /etc/fstab file does not exist anymore and i cant rename the fstab.bak because the disk is read-only even for my root user
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May 20, 2010
Through some recent update, which one I am not sure, my system no longer responds to removable media such as flash drives and insertions of DVD/CD disks. Whereas before, for instance, if I inserted a USB flash drive, the "Device Notifier" would pop up, tell me that a new device had been detected, and ask me what I wanted to do with it, now nothing. "My Computer" (sysinfo:/)does not update either. The kernel knows the device is there, since I can see it when I do "lsusb". OpenSuSE x86_64 11.2.
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Sep 10, 2010
I am configuring my Apache Server to enable checking CA Revocation List, and my Configuration lists as following :
Code:
SSLCARevocationFile /etc/httpd/confi.d/ssl.crt/CRL1.crl
But the server can not start, and the log says:
Code:
Unable to configure X.509 Storage for certificate
If I try this command to view content of my CRL file :
Code:
openssl crl -text -in CRL1.crl -noout
the console shows :
Code:
error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:no start line:pem_lib:647:Expecting: X509 CRL
I think there is something wrong with my CRL file, such as the file format.Is there any requirement to the CRL file? What can I do to enable this CRL file checking?
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Dec 25, 2010
I want to know what file system there are for "/dev" directory??apparently different types was developed for managing devices on Linux.because I am a little confused about all file system on this directory.Another question is,which is file system sufficient for managing devices on Embedded Linux ?of course on our embedded system we do not have many pluggable device,so this directory can be static
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Sep 30, 2010
I'm now using Ubuntu 10.04 with ext4 and for the second time in my life I experienced data loss (not for real: I got backups) and I'm assuming problems with the recent ext4 fs.
I want to restore all of my configurations (/etc and the like), data and home on reiserFS: is this possible? What to do in order to accomplish that?
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Feb 14, 2011
I am tired of watching fsck check my filesystem when my eeepc 901 shuts down abruptly due to a crash. I know that with a journaling filesystem, I won't have to wait for a check. However, I am well aware of the poor I/O performance of the SSD, so I can imagine using a journaling filesystem being even more frustrating, since there will be constant writes to the journal? I will buy a new laptop without such a crummy ssd someday but, is there anything I can do now, on the software side of things?
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Dec 27, 2010
I need to combine 6 different filesystems into one filesystem using rsync. I am so confused as to which parameters I need to use. The 6 fileystems are:
/mnt/tkpkgc1a/vol/mn_pkg_08_02/
/mnt/tkpkgc1a/vol/mn_pkg_08_01/
/mnt/tkpkgc1a/vol/mn_pkg_06_09/
[code]....
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Jul 5, 2011
I accidentally unmounted filesystems using umount -a command.How to recover from this.
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Aug 1, 2011
I'm a little bit confused with partitioning the filesystem in Linux. the difference between creating the file system with fdisk and mkfs (when formatting the disk). I can't clearly tell my problem, so please look at this picture:
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Aug 23, 2011
I have some errors when run the mount -all command: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Failed to open /proc/filesystems: No such file or directory
[Code]..
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Apr 25, 2011
I have many disks and volumes in my system. Some of disks IDE, some SATA.
Volumes on SATA disks cause me problems - I have them listed in etc/fstab, but on every boot, they have different name:
/dev/sdd* becomes /dev/sdb*
/dev/sde* becomes /dev/sdc*
etc. on every boot.
1) Why is this happening?
2) How can I prevent it?
3) If I can't, is there a workaround?
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