General :: Filesystems - Best File-systems / Mount-configuration For Each Folder On GNU?
Apr 10, 2011
One of the good points of linux is that is easy to customize the partitioning scheme of the disk and put each directory (/home, /var, etc) in diferent partitions and/or diferent disk. Then we can use diferen file system/configurations for each of them for make them better. xamples:
noatime is a mount option to not write access time on the files. data=writeback is an option to layz write metadata on new files. ext3/4 has journaling that make the partition more secure in case of a crash. bigger blocks make the partition waste more space, but make it faster to read and may become more fragmented. (not sure) Then: What are the best filesystem/configurations for each directory? Note: given the answer of Patches, will only discuss /, /home and /var only.
/var -> It's modified constantly, it write logs, cache, temporal, etc.
/home -> stores important files.
/-> stores everything else (/etc and /usr should be here)
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Aug 28, 2010
Is there some file in Linux that enumerates and describes mount options for file systems like /etc/services describes ports?
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Aug 23, 2011
I have some errors when run the mount -all command: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdc5, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Failed to open /proc/filesystems: No such file or directory
[Code]..
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Jan 16, 2011
It seems that the SCO divvy (multipliable file systems in 1 partitions) is the problemSo I am looking for a Linux patch or solution? Note: I no longer have the SCO disks.
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Feb 23, 2010
Is the mount point for external media (like USB) always /media?
Because in a Debian system, if I plug in any USB device that goes to the /media folder. So is it the case with all the other Linux flavors like Fedora, Ubuntu, etc. If a USB device is automatically mounted will it always go to the /media directory?
I am not concerned about the name of the devices. I am looking for every external media (like USB) to be listed under /media directory so that my code can run on any flavor of Linux.
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Apr 7, 2011
I have a 500GB external drive I want to use on a couple of Linux systems, and looking for a filesystem for it. External drives are frequently formatted in FAT32, but I don't need to interoperate with Windows and would rather avoid the ugly limited kludge that is FAT.
Since I only need to use it on Linux, I would use ext4 or XFS, but they store ownership information. Ideally, I'd use a proper Unix file system that doesn't track ownership (files are owned by whoever mounts the device, like they are when mounting a FAT32 partition), but I do not know of any file system that does that.What would be a good file system for this disk?
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May 16, 2011
Is there any way to know which process had created any file in Linux Red Hat/CentOS 5?
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Feb 12, 2010
I've been using *Unix systems for many years now, and I've always been led to believe that its best to partition certain dirs into separate FileSystems, off the main root FS.
For instance, /tmp /var /usr etc
Leaving as little as possible on the main / system.
Its so that you don't fill up the root system be accident, by some user putting in too bigger files in /tmp, for example.
I would presume that filling the / system would not be too good for Linux, as it would not be able to write logs and possibly other things that it needs to.
I believe that if root gets full, then there is something like a 5% amount saved for just 'root' to write to, so that it can do its stuff.
However, eventually, / will become full, and writes will fail.
On top of this, certain scripting tools, such as awk, use the /tmp/ system to store temp files in, and awk wont be able to write to /tmp/ as its full, so awk will fail.
However, I'm being advised that there is no need to put /tmp /var etc onto separate FSs, as there is no problem nowerdays with / filling up. So, /tmp /var /usr are all on the root FS.
I'm talking about large systems, with TBs of data (which is on a separate FS), and with a user populations of around 800-1000 users, and 24/7 system access.
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Jul 31, 2010
I have a bunch of disk images, made with ddrescue, on an EXT partition, and I want to reduce their size without losing data, while still being mountable. How can I fill the empty space in the image's filesystem with zeros, and then convert the file into a sparse file so this empty space is not actually stored on disk?
For example:
> du -s --si --apparent-size Jimage.image
120G Jimage.image
> du -s --si Jimage.image
121G Jimage.image
This actually only has 50G of real data on it, though, so the second measurement should be much smaller.
This supposedly will fill empty space with zeros: cat /dev/zero > zero.file rm zero.file But if sparse files are handled transparently, it might actually create a sparse file without writing anything to the virtual disk, ironically preventing me from turning the virtual disk image into a sparse file itself. :) Does it? Note: For some reason, sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=./zero.file works when cat does not on a mounted disk image.
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Jan 12, 2010
I need commands which five me the following details abt all the file systems mounted the linux box
type
mount pt
file system id
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Feb 4, 2010
In the linux machine we need to mount a folder names sever under apps folder with the user as steve. Also the steve user should have the permission to create the files in the folder. As of now, its mounted as root user.steve is in list of sudo users.
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Apr 13, 2011
I have servers where the disk is partitioned into OS and application partitions. The application is rather sloppy with its file handles, and frequently when there is a system crash, its file systems get corrupted. This will cause fsck to halt the boot, requiring me to get on a remote console, enter the root password, and fsck the file systems.
Is there a way to have just the OS partitions get checked and mounted, then check the application systems, only after the OS is loaded, so I can ssh into the system, instead of having to use a bandwidth-hogging remote console?
The app partitions are already at fsck level 2 in /etc/fstab, but this doesn't prevent OS loading from halting. If I set the fsck level to 0, I don't want the application to start if the partitions are unavailable. Should I just leave the fsck level at 0? Or should have the partitions marked "noauto", then have a startup script run fsck and mount the app partitions?
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Jun 28, 2011
I'm setting up an Ubuntu server to replace my aged Pentium IV Slackware box. It's a Dell Inspiron 560 with modest core-2 duo processor, 8 gigs of ram, and a pair of good sized hard disks. I came upon a good deal on a couple of 40gig Intel SSDs. I'd like to use one in the server. I'd like to use the SSD for the relatively invariant stuff, because they write slow, and are life-limited in the # of writes. So:
/bin
/usr/bin
/boot
/etc
/lib
/usr/lib
/usr/local/lib
/mnt
/opt
The best way IMHO to achieve this would be to make the SSD the root, and mount hard drive partitions/filesystems to it to places such as:
/var
/media (Here you read and write giant files. Hard disks do this just fine. One will work especially fine if one particular hard drive is dedicated to this.)
/root
/home
/tmp
A quick "df" yields a list of filesystems. There are four that are not tied to any device!
/dev
/dev/shm
/var/run
/var/lock
(df also discloses that the root filesystem is presently standing at 502megs. Guess it'll fit in a 40-gig SSD). These deviceless filesystems worry me. Are they created magically on boot? What's required to make the system magically create them on boot? If I copy the filesystem over to the SSD and redo the grub config, will it Just Work? Web searches reveal subtleties WRT mount points.
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Jun 16, 2011
Paths displayed in Nautilus appear to be just that. Nautilus private syntax. Esp with respect to anything "special". Apparently when you hand a path like this to a program to open, you get a folder in your home directory: smb://cyberstorm/c_drive/
At least that is what my program does with it. A folder called smb: in my home directory. Probably because the default folder for the program is the home directory [~]. Is there a universal network folder syntax for the network and other "special" file systems?
I see things like: network:/// and computer:/// showing up in "properties" dialogs for some things. But these are useless to a program apparently.
At least a program written in Qt. Is this a Qt problem, or a problem with Ubuntu not yet making the network a first class citizen in the world of paths? Who do I complain to? Time for the network to be a first class citizen, right?
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Mar 28, 2011
I just updated Fedora 14 with the updates it downloaded and I am now stuck with the error.
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Oct 5, 2010
I'm familiar with the software and hierarchy of the mount command but I can't find any info on why it is needed or preferred. What are the physical aspects of it? What is the burden of having files accessible all the time?
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Jul 23, 2009
I was wondering if it was possible to hide the File Systems from a user. So when then browse through folders or choose to save something the default folder is their "home" folder. I am using SAM Linux distribution and don't want my users to be able to screw anything up! I use thunar as my file manager and was just wondering if it is possible?
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Apr 29, 2011
I have to move files between two file systems /inst and /inst2.When I perform 'cp -a /inst /inst2' it copies everything even hidden files and preserves access permissions.But when I perform 'mv /inst /inst2' it also preserves access perms and moves everything besides hidden files.Questions :hy is so ?What tool to use when moving file systems from one fs to another (rsync) ?
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Sep 29, 2010
iv been looking around at the different Linux systems particularity the smaller ones such as DSL, Slax and Puppy Linux. However i need a Linux distribution that doesn't have a GUI desktop environment just the plain old terminal to work on. The system would have to be able to boot from a USB drive also. If anyone knows a systems that fits those requirements or something else related please post. Also what file system is best for USB drives for booting systems?
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Aug 13, 2010
What limits a file to have some maximum size depending on the Operating System? I do not exactly understand this. If you have the storage space, what else can be the limitation? You should be able to store as much data as you want the way you want (even in a single file) unless you run out of storage space.
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Apr 28, 2011
Back in the old days of PC-DOS 3.1, computers are much simpler than today's. I can learn a lot of how File System works with tools like PCTools, Norton Disk Doctor, and [URL]. Have been working exclusive in corporate database application area for over a decade, my knowledge of how these stuff work is diminishing. Standard-clean OS (Windows, Linux) installation is all I can do now. And it starts to cause me many data-loss troubles, when I have to perform something that I don't have much insight, such as install and remove peer linux os or move and resize partitions.
I'm looking for books, web resources, or communities where I can educate myself on how various file system works, for which I can have in-depth answer to questions such as:
How to remove ubuntu and grub2 ? (I recently did that, but with a lot of frustration when I was not really sure what I was doing and confront with some scary error message like "Missing BootMgr" What kind of disk-partitioning operation can be performed non-destructively, and why ? What is Active partition ? Primary Parition ? Extended Partition ? How it stored on the disk. There are many free partitioning tools out there, which one is safe to used ? NTFS, Ext3, Ext4, .. What the differences ? How to choose it wisely.
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Jul 5, 2010
I'm interesting in knowing what processes could be altered to improve performance and functionality on my system. And which process may be the best one to alter
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Aug 24, 2010
I am trying to create an encrypted file and later mount it as a filesystem.
KEY=`tr -cd [:graph:] < /dev/urandom | head -c 79`
echo $KEY | openssl aes-256-cbc > container.key
dd if=/dev/urandom of=~/container.img bs=1G count=10
losetup /dev/loop0 ~/container.img
[code]....
The luksOpen command asks me for my passphrase, but always rejects it. I have retried this several times and written down the passphrase - and even tried with a very simple one just to check. And I never can make it work.
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Aug 30, 2010
I am currently using the windows version of gVim to edit source files on a networked drive mapped to a linux system, as well as local files created in cygwin.
The problem is that the windows version of gVim destroys the original file permissions on the respective systems. IE: Files on cygwin are defaulted to 077. When edited by the windows version of vim they are saved as 777.This problem doesn't even occur when using ms-notepad (as well as all other editors I've tried), so I am not quite sure why gVim does it.
A possible solution would be to use cygwin's gVim for everything, but that's rather cumbersome as it requires running an x11 environment to support it, and it causes some problems when running some commands from within gVim (or vim for that matter) when working on the networked drive.
Any ideas how I might be able to maintain the existing file permissions?
This morning while on a different machine the problem with cygwin did not occur. Cygwin & gVim were the same version, however the other machine is running WinXP while the machine the problem is occurring on runs Win7.
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Nov 27, 2010
A while back I installed Dreamlinux 3.5 Gnome edition using ext2. When I attempted to use the email address books I imported from the Dreamlinux3.5 XFCE edition, which had been ext3, I discovered that none of the email addresses could be mailed to. I had to manually type in the addresses.
When I reinstalled Dreamlinux 3.5 Gnome using ext3, the same backup files that did not work in ext2 now work just fine. The question is, was this a "broken data" problem caused by the switch to ext2 file system or something else? Has anyone else experienced this?
The mail program is Thunderbird.
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Apr 13, 2011
i have about 22 gb of music (mp3 & ogg) on my laptop harddrive.i also have an unused sony mp3 player with a 20 gb hard drive.what i want to do is back up the 22gb into a 20 gb space the music does not need to be playable on the sony player...just using it as a back up device.ok...2 issues:1. when i've tried compressing (tar.gz) mp3 files, little to no space is saved, i assume that a mp3 is pretty compressed already.is there another way to compress effectively ? i dont want to reduce bit rates of the individual music tracks.2. i formatted the sony hd using ext4, but this leaves me with only 16 gb usable space. tried fat32 and this left me with about 18gb.
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Feb 25, 2011
I work for a school district. We are running in a Windows environment with a Windows domain. It was asked of me if I could get an Ubuntu system on our domain and running without issue, as we would like to tinker with the idea of slowly introducing Ubuntu systems to the network.I have a test system here. I added it to the domain using Likewise-Open. I have Samba installed, etc. Here's the next curve ball that I need answered.All user documents are stored in their individual shares on the same Windows server. In Windows, we use re-directed My Documents, so their My Documents actually points to \serverusersob_dole instead of C:/Documents and Settings/Bob Dole/My Documents.
How can we do this in Ubuntu? I don't care if it re-maps the home directory or creates a folder on the desktop that is linked. Either way, I want to log in to ANY Ubuntu system and blam - I have a link to \windowsserverusersmy_share. I want any user on the domain to be able to do that to any Ubuntu system and have a link to THEIR folder on the Windows server.
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Jan 6, 2010
Im using it in an attempt to backup all of the files off of my dead Windows xp Computer. Right now I am using the 9.10 live disk of Ubuntu and cannot get the program to recognize what kind of file system my internal hard drive is using. (A western digital 320 GB hard drive with partition 1 in NTFS and part2 in FAT32) I would like to be able to back up this drive onto my 1 TB Western Digital external hard drive that is also in ntfs.
Now here comes the wierd part, it won't read or recognize my interal and external hard drives that run those file systems but it will recognize and allow me to read, edit, and access all of the ntfs hard drives on my home network. I did some lurking and tried a tutorial for creating a mount point and on how to force mount a disk, but neither of my disks would show up in Places/Computer. So then I checked the /etc/fstab file and is says,
aufs / aufs rw 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0
Which I think means that it says I have no hard drives installed or connected to the computer. Yet when I go into Disk Utility it tells me the disk is there and asks if I want to format the disk into ntfs...
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Mar 5, 2010
How do I mount a folder from different server in the same network? For instance, I have a server named A having IP=192.168.1.1 and a server B having IP=192.168.1.2. I try this command from server A but it does not work. Do I have to install samba in order to mount network folder?
Code:
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Nov 10, 2010
I have stumbled up around many problems in the past weeks, and recently my windows server is just giving me big pain with the DNS. Instead of having constant trouble trying to fix those problems that doesn't stop coming. I am trying to find the opportunity to transfer my settings onto a Linux setup. My needs are pretty simple, I am currently creating a simple website for a school project that I need to finish fairly soon. I also need to attach it to a forum, most likely phpBB3.
My first question would be: Which OS should I opt for. CentOS, SUSE, Ubuntu Server? Should I add in features into that to make my transfer simpler? Secondly, what would be the website manager, Apache or IIS? Is php easily compatible with the systems, or will it need configuration somehow? Finally, can it be possible for me to install programs that are exclusive to windows, such as Dreamweaver? I got a small knowledge on Linux systems, but I am completely new to the server side!
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