General :: Hard And Logical File System Connection?
Nov 4, 2010
How can a directory mount the hard drive? How can a list of files sitting on a hard drive that is not in RAM run your computer and then mount the physical device that stores the code that it is running? Obviously the CPU can access the hard drive before this so how does this massive abstraction make physical sense?I'm thinking that if this is abstracted to this extent so is the "/.../.../" path nomenclature as well. Is this just to change directories and or an environmental variable? Is the file really farther the more slashes that are in it?
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Feb 28, 2010
I have been running Ubuntu as my sole OS for about a month now, and aside from Computer Janitor, I have found no drive/fs cleaning tools, or defragging tools. I know this isn't Windoze, but surely there must be a way of maintaining your hard disk. I mean installs/uninstalls must leave detritus, and file moving must cause SOME fragmentation. Are there any apps, systems or methods in place that provide this functionality?
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May 31, 2010
I installed ubuntu off of my laptop and put the Ubunto file system on a 1TB hard drive off of a drive enclosure. Now the only way I can access Windows is if the drive is still connected to the laptop. NO EXTERNAL HD No BOOT MENU when I boot up.
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Aug 1, 2010
I am trying to create hard links within a file system to a directory, but unable to do that. is there any limitation to create hard links to directories within file system ?
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Mar 23, 2010
I had a drive that kept kernel panic'ing so my data center recommended using the spare hard drive to reinstall OS on, and import the data from the old drive. (they checked the hardware, it wasn't the hardware) The new install is done, and I need to mount the old drive and get backups off it since my data center does not provide management whatsoever.
It's the same OS on both (Cent OS 5.4 32-bit) I'm an advanced user on windows, but linux gets me. I can ssh in, do basic stuff like setup IP ranges and restart services. I normally navigate the box through SFTP so I have a gui. WHM shows me my drives as such
Found Disk: hda
Found Disk: sdb
so I'm assuming SDB is my old drive and the drive I need to access. I attempted to follow instructions on
cyberciti.biz/faq/freebsd-adding-second-hard-disk-howto/
but I'm assuming FreeBSD would work differently and I wasn't totally sure what the labels of the file systems should be.
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Feb 28, 2010
The external hard drive which contains all my photos and where I backed-up all my important documents is no longer recognized. It is a three month old 500GB Iomage Prestige Desktop Hard Drive.When I plug it in, it is recognised as a USB device, because it shows up when I type lsusb, but dmesg gives this error message.
[19712.013250] usb 2-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 21
[19712.145347] usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
[19712.147214] scsi25 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
[code]....
I popped the disk out of the casing put it on a SATA connect internally and then tried the file recovery programs testdisk/photorec and SpinRite, but both failed because they couldn't recognize the external hard disk.
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Jan 19, 2011
is lvresize with --resizefs options re-size the Logical Volume and then re-size the file system? i mean we don't need to use resize2fs?I looked at man pages but it doesn't explain this option.
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Jul 14, 2010
Hi. We have a cluster consisting of 10 logical volumes all part of one filesystem. Is there a way to know which logical volume owns a certain file/inode? I have tried what is suggested at this link, but the output is the filesystem and not a specific logical volume.
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Oct 4, 2009
Is it possible to stretch the logical volume "/home" over to a second hard drive using LVM? Would this have to be done during the Debian installation or could it be done after the installation is finished? Should I just make a 2nd /home partition?
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Aug 22, 2010
I have a 1.5TB Western Digital Caviar Green in a USB 2.0 external setup with an ext4 file system. I'm going to purchase a 2.0TB Western Digital Caviar Green in a USB 2.0 external case, copy the data over and put my 1.5TB in a fire-resistant box in another house. I'm worried about a couple things however:
(1) I'm worried about the long-term viability of _any_ file system years into the future. I've been storing my data on hard drives (instead of CDs, DVDs or BDs) for years now due to their higher reliability than optical disks. However, the file system used in optical disks is UDF which I think has much longer viability into the future. I'm not going to store terabytes of data on optical discs of course, so I'm wondering what I should choose for a hard drive file system. FAT32 or NTFS (due to Windows' 90%+ presence on the desktop, including still being used by Windows 7) may be the best choice, but I much rather have a open source file system, especially one that allows for permissions, timestamps, etc.
(2) As for my 2TB hard drive that I will be using for a while into the future, should I continue to use ext4 (I've had no problem with it thus far), but is there another file system that has better performance when storing and transferring gigs of data?
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Nov 29, 2009
I've been installing/tweaking F12, and I've found something that I can't say I've ever seen or expected to find before: the contents of my ~/Documents folder has lost its permissions and ownership info. I restored it from a backup last night/this morning, and I've rebooted a few times since then. Other folders from the backup are OK, just Documents.I don't know what my options are. I could try to blow it away and restore it, but that doesn't answer what caused it. If there's a "relabel" or something, that might help... though I've never had to do it before. Could it be that after these two-and-some-change years, my hard drive is giving out? Good thing I have a recent backup... but it'd be a shame to lose all my work getting F12 to work again.
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Jan 6, 2010
Ok, this just started happening with ubuntu 9.10.
When it first happened, I didnt know what to do so i accessed all my data, backed it up in a diff partition, reformated my drives and reinstalled a clean 9.10. But now, every now and then (i think its when i use frostwire and have other programs running) my ubuntu keeps freezing up, it becomes non-responsive to anything i do, so i have to do a hard shutdown, after which, when i reboot, it is not able to mount /home, so i run FSCK and it fixes it, but ive done this about 3 times now, its starting to get a bit annoying, i dont know if anyone else has this problem, or if its a known bug. Here are my specs:
Running: Ubuntu Karmic 9.10 64 bit
3 Sata HDD: 1 TB, 750 GB, 350 GB
4GB Ram
2 Nvidia 7900GS
with a Pentium core 2 duo @ 3.0GHz
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Feb 7, 2010
What i really need to know is if there is a way to access a Ubuntu file system on a hard drive from a live CD. When i acess it now it just shows the Windows files on it, and i cant access the Ubuntu partition. What happened was this: I was trying to install Ubuntu on an external hard drive. I moved all the settings to the Hard drive so i didnt think it would affect my other drives. I mustve missed one of them because insteading of loading GRUB like it normally does, it came up with GRUB error 21 and did nothing. I tried to fix it, but nothing worked. I finally decided to unplug everything except the external and install it from there, so id atleast have a functioning desktop. As it turns out, my comp doesnt suport USB booting. So the only way i can use my computer is by Live CD. I was trying to fix things so i had both hard drives power supply unplugged. being slightly drowsy from staying up late that night, I plugged them in while my computer was on. the first one went in just fine, no problems. The second one though, also my master drive, i was having troubles pluging in. while i was turning it to fit in, it made a big spark and shocked my master drive. That drive had my MBR and Windows on it. Now It cant find a MBR, and i cant access the ubuntu partition on my slave drive. Is there any way to save this?? im 99.9% sure ive screwed myself over hardcore epically, but im hoping to save at least 1/2 my data.
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Jul 14, 2011
when I load into Ubuntu 11.04 from my USB drive, why can't I access the files on my internal hard drive? I mount the drive but I cannot see any of the music, videos or documents contained on that drive (which is also an Ubuntu 11.04 drive). I was wondering so I could copy those files onto my external hard drive and reinstall since my Ubuntu crashed.
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Apr 5, 2010
I've recently had my file system irrecoverably corrupted after a hard lock-up. This has happened to me before, a couple weeks ago, and both times I've had to reinstall. I don't know what is causing the lock-ups (possibly the binary nvidia driver..), but I would like my file system to be intact or at least recoverable next time it happens.What is the "safest" way to mount things?
I'll be using ext3 with data=journal, but I've read that disk write caching combined with a kernel crash or power loss can still screw things up. Supposedly, mounting with barrier=1 helps some, but doesn't work with LVM? Would it be wise to turn off disk write caching completely? I understand there's a performance penalty, but if it helps keep the file system consistent in case of disaster.
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Dec 28, 2010
Assume I have plugged in an external USB hard disc.
How can I find out (from terminal cmdline) the file system (ext2, ext3, reiserfs,...) of this hard disc?
From Ubuntu I know the two commands:
sudo blkid -c /dev/null
or
sudo fdisk -l
but these are not known in CentOS.
What are the corresponding cmds in CentOS?
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Aug 22, 2011
After fixing drive partition numbers, I got the following error from cfdisk: Code: FATAL ERROR: Bad logical partition 6: enlarged logical partitions overlap Press any key to exit cfdisk However, I can see all my partitions with fdisk and gparted, I can mount and use all of them.I used the following guide to fix the drive numbers order: Reorder partition drive numbers in linux | LinkedBits Does somebody know whet is cfdisks problem and how can I fix it?
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Nov 25, 2009
What file system should I use to partition a slow and old hard drive? I know that ext2 was best for old computers which mine is not but I am using an old hard drive for extra storage and I was curious if anyone knew if using ext2 or ext4 would show any performance differences.
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Nov 15, 2010
I've surprisely recognized that it's possible to write a filesystem on a hard disk without any valid partition. Well, the general advantages of partitions are clearly. But what are possible disadvantages or limitaions if you don't use a partition (e.g. if you want to use the complete space as one volume for data mining or so)?
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Apr 16, 2011
i accidently modified my file system of some partition in my hard disk from ntfs to fat...i havnt formatted the drive...but now i cannot mount this partition...
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Feb 9, 2010
i needed to change my external hard drive's file system from ext3 to fat32, to use it in windows, which i did the simple way: i shrunk the ext3 partition, made a fat32 partition, copied the files over, removed the ext3 and made the fat32 bigger. unfortunately, while gparted was making the partition larger, my computer shut down. i lost all my files and the partition messed up immediately. i made a new fat32 partition, after deleting the old one, but noticed that gparted was showing 100 gigs already in use (???). so now i have a 300 gb hard drive with only 200 gb i can use; i ran df to make sure gparted wasn't messing up, but indeed it shows the partition as being only 200 gigs in size. i haven't tried making any other kind of partition yet, such as ext3, for fear of losing my files again, and because it wouldn't be permanent anyway, because i need those files in windows and stupid microsoft won't make their OS ext3 compatible.
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Nov 3, 2010
I would like to ask if is it possible to boot Slackware with the installation CD when in a pinch with a system on logical volumes? For the usual fdisk partitions the procedure is known:
Code:
boot: root=/dev/sda1 noinitrd ro or something like that. This way, the system boots with mounted basic partitions. My question is whether there is an option to achieve the same if the system is installed on logical volumes? I need to do this on a machine with dual booting Windows + Linux. The Windows needs to be reinstalled, but as is well known, the boot sector will then be overwritten. So after the Windows reinstallation I will need to boot Slackware with the installation CD and run lilo.
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Oct 4, 2010
I have a Toshiba laptop that seems to be freezing on extended operations involving the file system/hard drive. (that's kind of a guess on my part). The system has frozen during the last day or two when I:
- try a large file operation with Nautilus
- try exporting a large video file from Kdenlive
- try formatting the disk for a new install of Maverick (I decided that with the new version almost out, I might try upgrading in case I broke my system)
What I see is the screen freezing and the mouse does not move. As I said, I tried installing the Maverick RC from the Alternate CD (I wanted to do a minimal install). The install hung on the partitioning step and the caps-lock key started blinking (though I don't get this in other cases). I have booted into my Lucid live-cd and a Puppy live-cd to try Gparted, with the same results - the system freezes (but the caps-lock key doesn't blink). Puppy HAS performed better generally, for example I was able to complete my large file operation (backing things up!) but it is freezing on the partitioning step.
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Jan 11, 2011
It started when I wanted to dual boot Windows 7 and Opensuse off of my netbook (No DVD/CD drive) I tried install suse from an external hard drive and I botched it. I ended up erasing EVERYTHING off of my internal netbook hard drive. Windows and all.
Well, I had a couple of other computers so I studied up and eventually successfully installed OpenSUSE 11.2 on my external hard drive (11.3 being the one that I accidentally erased everything with, so kinda scared of it) and now I want to install openSUSE 11.2 on my internal netbook hard drive.
I can not use disks
I can not use a flash drive (For some reason, even if I make it bootable, it will not load up, this could be because it's actually a 8GB microSD card that is placed in a USB card reader.)
I can not use an external hard drive because that's what I'm running suse off of.
I've tried reading up on how to install suse on another drive off of the hard drive and I've gotten as far as whenever I boot up the netbook with the suse external hard drive connected it will ask to boot into OpenSUSE, the Fail Safe, or to install OpenSuse. When I select to install it it gives me the Error 18 Unknown File system.
I've tried formatting the internal hard drive twice. One as NTFS and again as EXT4. Neither seems to effect it other than when it's ext4 I can open it and it contains a Lost and Found folder.
When I interrupt the boot sequence by pressing c and going to the terminal and I use the root (hd +TAB command it tells me I have a hd0 and a hd1. The hd1 only has 1 partition which is ext4, which I'm assuming hd1 is the internal hard drive (I'm not sure how to check) and the hd0 is the external hard drive, which has three partitions. One with an unknown file system and two with ext4. When I try to enter the set up from the terminal it gives me the same error for any thing I put it (e.g. root (hd0,0) gives the same error as root (hd0,1), or root (hd0,2) and root (hd1,0)
Something like it cannot locate these two files I'm assuming it needs to boot. If anyone finds this relevant I'll retry it and post the files its missing.
I've been searching for awhile and can't find any threads that can solve my problem. From other threads, however, I have noticed that I should probably include my menu.lst, listed below
Code:
I have also ran the boot info script and received the RESULTS.txt file it generates. Listed below
Code:
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Jul 13, 2010
I have cluster of 3 logical volumes making a filesystem, is there a tool or command out there that could tell me in which logical volume a file is?
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Jul 16, 2010
I am working on a program called writemusic that creates a file of structures representing musical glyphs (notes, rests, barlines, etc). Another program called Printmusic then reads this file and writes out the music as a PNG image which can be printed. I had noticed that the final barline was always duplicated and I wanted to know which program was resonsible, so I tried some experiments:
1). I created a file in writemusic and ran it through printmusic, leaving writemusic running. As I expected there were two barlines at the end. I went back to writemusic and added a couple of bars. Now the duplicate barline had vanished to reappear at the new end.
2) I created two files and concatenated them with cat. When I processed this composite file with printmusic each of the two sections ended with a double barline.
3) I created a file with writemusic, closed the program, relaunched it and reloaded the same file (writemusic allows you to do this). Then I added a few bars. When printmusic had processed this augmented file, there were three barlines at the end of the first section and two at the end of the second.
The results for 2) and 3) only make sense if writemusic is actually putting these duplicates into the file, but the result for 1) suggests that printmusic is doing it when the file is read back.
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Aug 1, 2011
I'm a little bit confused with partitioning the filesystem in Linux. the difference between creating the file system with fdisk and mkfs (when formatting the disk). I can't clearly tell my problem, so please look at this picture:
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Apr 6, 2010
i have generated .exe file from C file (ie filename.c ) after compiling in linux machine with -O option. I wish to know about how to run that .exe file when linux system starts up ?
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Jun 22, 2010
Something caused my Fedora 11 system to reboot this evening, only it keeps trying to boot from a CD/DVD. I get to a prompt that says "Boot from CD/DVD" and then it appears just to wait. I can insert my Fedora 11 installation disk and boot from it in rescue mode, and then I can see my entire file system, so I don't think the hard drive has failed. The system just doesn't seem to want to boot from the HD any more. I can get to a command line using the Fedora rescue mode, but I don't know what to do once I'm there.
one additional note. Around a month and a half ago I deleted some files by mistake and wanted to try to recover them. I tried a bunch of approaches that I came across (none worked), and I do remember that one of them had instructions to unmount a portion of the filesystem to protect it from being overwritten before I could recover the files.
Unfortunately, at this point I have no real memory of exactly what I did, but the system has been working fine since then. I would have thought that I had rebooted since then, but it's possible that this is the first time I've rebooted. Could I have unmounted some part of the file system such that it would still by unmounted even when rebooting? How can I check this from the command line I get in rescue mode? (My file system gets mounted under /mnt/sysimage/)
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May 31, 2010
I have created a linux machine in virtual box now i want to add some hard disk space into it.
How would i do this. code...
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