Ubuntu Installation :: How To Migrate To Kubuntu

I have recently tried to migrate to kubuntu. I am reading manuals and studying the matter right now, trying to find help via googling and stuff, but for some (i suppose, trivial) matters i just cannot seem to get help and reading manuals leads me nowhere.I am sorry if my questions seem trivial or are answered in manpages or on this forum, i tried searching and didnt found...

1) how to correctly install something, for which a "Stable Source Release" is provided. Especially when options are to be set

2) how to get knowledge about what version of something (in this case, ntfs-3g) is installed in my system, and what kind of options were set when it was installed

3) what exactly happens when i type "make" withing a folder i just extracted my "stable source release" gzip to?

4) what exactly happens when i type "make install", how does it know where to put what files, make changes to my system etc...

5) how to undo what it (make install) has done (because i had already corrupted one installation of kubuntu by simply doing an unsuccessfull make install of an x-fi driver package and then an alsa package)

6) when i install something with "apt-get install <packagename>" does the downloading of "source stable" happens and "make install" is ran for me, or something else?

7) Do gui package managers just do the "apt-get install <package name> " for me when i check to install something or do they do something extra aside from that? Like synaptic?

8) when i install something with the same name, but different version, what happens? like if i do an "apt-get install XYZ" of version 2.0 when i already have XYZ of version 1.0 installed, will 1.0 get overwritten by 2.0 or will i have both installed in my system?

9) how do i know which "options" are used when i do apt-get install of a package? for example, if package says "build with this option to achieve this result" how do i know if this option is on or off or can i control it when i apt-get install this package?

10) if i installed something with "make install" - can i later uninstal if with apt-get uninstall package or i have to somehow manually remove files? what is the common procedure?

11) if i installed something with "make install" - can i later upgrade it with "apt-get"?

12) why i read in books, like for example here (http://rute.2038bug.com/index.html.gz), that i should partition my disk in multiple partitions:

- one for swap
- one for / file system
- one for /usr
- one for /tmp
- one for /var
- remaining space goes for /home

because then if one gets overflown, full or broken, it wont affect the others, and you can afford to loose some and it eases the recovery of system in case of a fault
but then, kubuntu installs itself just in two partitions, swap and the rest? Is multiple partitions scheme outdated or?

13) Why if i ctrl-alt-f1 out of my KDE and run kate (any gui program), it says "cannot connect to X server" while xserver is indeed running on my pc (otherwise how would kde work?)

14) what is under ctrl-alt-f12, f11 etc, it is a blank screen with a cursor in top-left

15) is there a way to set the vga mode for tty's that are accessible with ctrl+alt+f(1-6) to 80x50 (i prefer that over the 80x25 that is set by default there)
i've read that you could do that in lilo config files you just do vga=extended
but now kubuntu uses grub so... how do i do that?

16) i've read that "linux is good because you can shut down an app that hangs your pc by going to terminal and sending a kill signal, something you cannot do in windows because windows has no way to escape a frozen gui"

But when i had a way to test that in practice (today i tried some decoration scheme for my KDE and it froze my desktop) i found out i have a freaking lot of processes running (with ps -A) and.... well, what should i have done to unfreeze my desktop? And how do i know what exactly hangs my PC in order to terminate it? (like in windows - you very frequently have a nearly dead non-responding pc, but doing CtRL-ALT-DEL shows that "system idle" has about 3/4 of your processor time and there is no problem with memory consumtion either, yet system barely can respond to your input")

17) i've heard and read about "linux needs no reboot" but in practice, installing nvidia drivers requires reboot, for example. So, is it really true or there is a way to make those drivers go without rebooting, they just tell me to reboot because i'm considered a newbie who doesnt know that "linux does not need reboot"?

18) KDE is very annoyingly preventing me from doing anything in "LEAVE" menu without a 30second-confirmation box (shutting down in 30 s...)... and i dont seem to see any settings for that in the gui... same goes for asking me to close my tty's - can it do it by itself? what config file should i edit?

19) As i read, linux filesystem philosophy is that settings go into /etc and that everything is a file, so, in order to change anything in my system it boils down to editing a file. Now, why do the files are so scattered? For example, why does alsa config file live as a hidden file (starts with .) in my home, and a file to set up mounting behavior lies in /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla or /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.udisks.policy.

Do only system apps like mount use /etc for their configs, and how do i generally know where to look if i want to change something (like in windows, i'd go look in the application path, in my user folder's corresponding folders - my documents, application data etc and in registry).

20) As i read, linux ideology is about program scattering istelf all over the file system. Countrary to windows where program occupies a folder in which it nests its own folder tree (like data, sound, themes), a linux is said to put binaries into /bin, configs into /etc and so on. What happens if programs are called the same or use same files? For example, if two people make a program with a same name or use same file (for example, alot of windows programs used to use settings.ini to store user settings, if that would be in a same folder...?) or make a same short name for their program (like a long program name abbreviated to three letters for simplicity, but what if two programs have same abbreviations?).