Ubuntu :: Growing Root Partition Along With Corresponding SoftRAID Array
Sep 4, 2010
So, I recently installed a server with several software RAID partitions over three drives. After installation, I pulled out the CD-ROM and added a fourth drive.
I believe I successfully grew all the arrays (RAID1 for /boot, RAID5 for /, and RAID1 for swap), but I'm not seeing that growth in my filesystem.
The root partition is no larger than it previously was, even though the specific array that is mounted to it has grown to the proper size.
$ df -h
Code:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md2 292G 6.8G 271G 3% /
none 118M 292K 118M 1% /dev
none 123M 0 123M 0% /dev/shm
[Code]....
I'm sure I'm missing something quite simple here, but how can I resize my root partition to the full size of /dev/md2?
I should note that even though I ripped out the CD-ROM in favor of an additional HDD, I can probably run a live session from a USB stick (although I've been unable to thus far- any solution that can avoid doing so is preferable).
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Feb 1, 2011
I currently have two hard drives, with my root partition configured in RAID0. I'd like to add two additional hard drives, and include them in my RAID0 array. I need to recreate the array to do this, so I'd like to copy everything off of the existing array, add the drives, build the new array, and copy everything back. I have an external hard drive with four times the capacity of my current array. What would be the best way to copy this data so that nothing is missed, so I can just copy everything back and boot back up? dd, image the entire root partition, mount it after creating the new array, copy everything back (at the filesystem level) dd, image the entire root partition, write it back out to the new array, I'm not sure how this would work, because the partition will be the wrong size, I don't know much about dd. rsync, just rsync everything on root over to the external something else? I plan on booting to a live CD and mounting my current array there, so I won't be working on a live filesystem.
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Dec 23, 2010
I have a RAID 5 array, md0, with three full-disk (non-partitioned) members, sdb, sdc, and sdd. My computer will hang during the AHCI BIOS if AHCI is enabled instead of IDE, if these drives are plugged in. I believe it may be because I'm using the whole disk, and the AHCI BIOS expects an MBR to be on the drive (I don't know why it would care).
Is there a way to convert the array to use members sdb1, sdc1 and sdd1, partitioned MBR with 0xFD RAID partitions?
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Mar 24, 2011
This might take a little while to explain so please bear with me. I just bought a HP N36L microserver to replace my Netgear ReadyNAS as it has 4 bays as opposed to the 2 in the Netgear, the HP came with a 250GB Seagate drive in so I installed Ubuntu 10.04 server onto that as a minimal install in a 5GB partition, selected basic server, lamp and samba during the setup and then once installed added the minimal gui, all good so far.
The idea was to have 3 1TB drives in the HP running software Raid 5 and after trying to do this via the disk utility gui and having misaligned cylinders I found this guide for setting up the Raid 5 array - http://www.jamierf.co.uk/2009/11/04/...n-ubuntu-9-10/ Now the problem with setting up the raid was I had just over 900GB of data on the 2 disks in the Netgear and not enough space anywhere to back it all up so the plan was to install 1 x 1TB drive and format to ext4 and transfer all the data onto it from the Netgear, then pull the 2 drives from the Netgear and build the Raid 5 array using just those 2, then copy the data from the 3rd drive onto the raid and then add the 3rd drive and grow the array.
This actually was all going fine, 2 disk array was built, data transferred and all was good so added the 3rd drive to the array and issued the grow command, after many hours this completed and I had a 2.0TB filesystem icon on the desktop.
Now the problem, the last two steps were to unmount the array and run an fsck on it (as per the guide) and then grow the filesystem but the array wouldn't unmount it kept saying it was busy, I tried to force it but still nothing so I decided to reboot (my windows background coming back to haunt me perhaps) when the box came back up it failed to mount the array due to a bad superblock
[Code]...
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Jun 22, 2011
seems like I killed my softraid. First, my initial setup: 2x 1.5TB SATA disks -> raid1 with mdadm -> lvm -> multiple LVs as luks partition This worked for a while now, even though I made a bad mistake; I created the raid out of the whole disks (instead of creating partitons on them). I didnt notice because it worked...
Now one disk failed, but I could still access the other disk which I moved to another server. mdadm recognized it during boot, after vgscan --mknodes; vgchange -ay I saw the luks partitions in /dev/mapper/ and could mount them via luksOpen. Went well several times, I did not use the disk anymore to avoid killing it also.
Just today when I wanted to move the stuff to my new raid, this way wont work anymore
First of all, dmesg reports a wrong size (500G instead of 1.5T)
Code:
[ 1.943127] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] 976817134 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB)
[ 1.943153] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 1.943155] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[Code].....
What can I try to get my data back?
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Oct 12, 2010
Since I installed MS2 I messed up grub. Finally I got 11.3 back to its old glory.
What would be the best procedure to create a backup image with all settings and permissions ...just in case ?
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Feb 7, 2010
I have finally been convinced to partition my 500GB hard drive from a two partition setup with root and swap to a three partition setup with root, swap, and home. I found a nice tutorial about how to do this, but here is my question:
A) How much space do I leave for the root partition and the home partition?
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Aug 31, 2010
concerning Linux, mdadm, and creating RAID Array's in Debian. I've done a lot of reading and research on RAID both on this board and elsewhere (The Linux Documentation Project's Software-RAID HOWTO is especially good), but I've run across something that no one seems to explain, and I'm not sure why. I'm instructed to create partitions on the drives I wish to add to my array. These partitions inevitably take up the whole disk, and are always have their system IDs set to "Linux raid autodetect". What I don't understand is why, after creating these partitions, some guides then go on to create an array (say a RAID5 one) with just the disks themselves as members, while others go on to create the RAID5 array with the previously created partitions as members. E.g.,
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
vs.
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
What's the advantage of using one over the other?
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Aug 31, 2010
when I tried to install Fedora on my pc, I got this error message " Defined Root partition not created a / boot/efi partition. I am trying to install it on a seperate hd. My main one has windows xp pro, but I do not want to interfer with that at all?.
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Jun 8, 2010
I initially installed SuSe11.2 with /tmp mounted on separate partition on another physical disk( there are two physical disks). Now I want to attach disk with existing SuSe11.2 to another motherboard so I would like that /tmp becomes part of the root partition. Will deleting /tmp mount point in /etc/fstab create automatically new /tmp from root at next startup, or something else has to be done to achieve, that in future, /tmp resides on root partition instead? In this way it would be much easier to move the disk with SuSe11.2 to another motherboard.
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Aug 2, 2009
I am relatively new to Linux and Opensuse. I created the / root partition and now it is growing and maxing out. I have partitioner available to me but how do I change the partition size when the root partition is mounted. Do I login as root and then umount or modify fstab and restart and change from command line or do I format and reinstall everything? I have room to expand but not sure how to manage this?
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Sep 27, 2010
I have a NETGEAR ReadyNAS NV+ with four 1TB drives in a RAID-5 array. This is our primary file storage. This has previously been backed up to a hardware RAID-0 array directly attached to our Windows server. The capacity of this backup array is no longer sufficient. So the plan was, take a bunch of 200GB to 320GB drives (And a 750) I had kicking around, chuck them in a couple of old SCSI drive enclosures I have collecting dust, attach them via IDA/SATA-to-USB adaptors to a USB hub, attach that to the server, create a JBOD array spanning the disks, and back up the NAS to that. Performance is not an issue as this is just to be used for backup, with the idea being as near to zero cost as possible (Spend so far = NZ$100�ish).
The first hurdle I struck was Windows not supporting Dynamic Disks on USB drives (Required to create a spanned volume). At first I resisted using another machine (i.e. a machine running Ubuntu) as I didn't want to dedicate a piece of hardware to backing up the NAS. I then decided it would be acceptable to do this via a VM, which is what I've done.So I have 10.04 running under VMWare Server 2.0.2 under Windows Server 2008 R2. The disks are all presented to the VM. I wasn't sure if I was going to end up creating the array under LVM or something else, but I noticed Disk Utility has an option to create an array, so I tried that. When I add two 250GB drives, the array size is 500GB. When I then add a 160GB drive, the array size drops to 480GB. Huh? If I keep adding disks (Regardless of order) the final array size comes out at 1.8 TB, as per the attached screenshot. Now with the following drives, I expected something more like:
160 + 250 + 250+ 750 + 250 +200 + 200 + 250 + 320 + 250 + 320 = 3.2TB
Am I missing something or making a false assumption somewhere?
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Feb 22, 2011
Does webilder just keep growing the collection? Or does it ever get rid of old photos? It seems to me an ideal webilder I could set max 100k, it would delete oldest photos to make room for new. Or, like flickrwall (windows), it would just pull one flickr photo per hour, over writing last photo.
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May 20, 2010
Currently running 10.04 and Cacti latest version and although my RAM is only just over 3/4 used my swap file is growing. If I leave the box running for about a week the swap fills and the system grinds to a halt.Is there some way of seeing what's in the swap so I can debug the problem and get my system more stable again?
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Aug 3, 2010
I was growing a 3 disk raid 5 to a 4 disk raid 6.I used mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --level=6 --raid-devices=4 backup- file=/home/user/Desktop/md0.backup for the grow.The drive I added was /dev/sde1. Well it was going strong for like 2-3 days and last time I checked it was at 73% rebuild.Well the frikin power went out on me and when I came back home I can't get the array assembled.
I just have a fear that i lost my superblocks but I'm also a moron when it comes to this stuff.. I would like to think not, but I'm sure there are much smarter people than I on this issue. Any help would help cause of course I have a lot of stuff on my raid with 3 2tb drives.. the irony is I was converting to raid 6 to make sure I had really good safety net.
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Jun 4, 2010
This _almost_ works. I just can't quite get it to honor the spaces.
Code:
#!/bin/bash
profiles=(
PROFILE_ONE
)
PROFILE_ONE=(setting1 "setting number 2")
[code].....
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Dec 2, 2010
I have an array called arrayini which stores numbers. I want to take log to the base 2 of each of the numbers in that array and put it in file called result. I've used the following code to do it.
Code:
size=${#arrayini[@]}
for ((i=0;i<size;i++))
do
echo "scale = 12; l(${arrayini[$i]})/l(2)" | bc -l
done >result
It works fine but its taking pretty long to calculate since I've got about 230,000 items in the array. So I decided to store the result into an array hoping that it'd be faster. I tried the following code. arrayresult is where I try and store the result. The code doesn't work because of the second last line.
Code:
unset arrayresult
size=${#arrayini[@]}
for ((i=0;i<size;i++))
do
arrayresult[$i]="scale = 12; l(${arrayini[$i]})/l(2)" | bc -l
done >FILE2
There is a syntax error clearly.
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Mar 6, 2011
I am trying to dynamically delete and add information into the array "blah"
Code:
int blahsize = 1;
char** blah = (char**) calloc(blahsize+1,sizeof(char*));
Adding information:
Code:
blah[1]=stuff1;
blah[2]=stuff2;
code....
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Mar 29, 2010
I've already asked this in the mythbuntu and didn't get an answer there so I'm trying here. OK just added another 2Tb WD drive to my mdadm controled RAID5 array, and the reshape is finished:-
Code:
Code:
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.343421] md: md1: reshape done.
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.525114] RAID5 conf printout:
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.525119] --- rd:4 wd:4
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.525122] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda2
[code]...
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May 13, 2011
My fileserver initially had 3 1TB drives in RAID 5 configured with mdadm as /dev/md1. (System root is a mirrored raid on /dev/md0) I went to go add a 4th 1TB drive to /dev/md1 and grow the raid 5 accordingly. I was initially following this guide: [URL] but ran into issues on the 3rd and 4th commands. I've been trying a few things to remedy the issue since, but no luck. The drive seems to have been added to /dev/md1 properly, but I can't get the filesystem to resize to 3TB. I also am not entirely sure how /dev/md1p1 got created, but it appears to be the primary partition on the logical device /dev/md1.
Relevent information:
Code:
fdisk -l /dev/md1
Disk /dev/md1: 3000.6 GB, 3000606523392 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 732569952 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 196608 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xda4939fa .....
The filesystem originated as ext3, I believe its showing up as ext2 in some of these results because I disabled the journal when doing some initial troubleshooting. Not sure what the issue is, but I didn't want to blindly perform operations on the filesystem and risk losing my data.
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Jun 8, 2010
I have this little problem. I wanna backup a big file that is constantly growing. Is there any way to make one backup and then have some way to take incremental backup of it?
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Jan 7, 2010
I am new to Linux. I am using tar to backup my emails to a server. I would like to automate this process to routinely backup my emails periodicly, however, i keep running into a problem: I start in the dir I would like to create the tar file (dir size = 240MB). I enter the following command
tar cf bup.mail.llc.tar "/Users/d/Library/Mail/INBOX.mbox/Messages"
file size = 234MB
When I would like to backup my emails into the previously created tar file I use the following command:
tar uf bup.mail.llc.tar "/Users/d/Library/Mail/INBOX.mbox/Messages"file size = 462MB The backup command works, except the size of the original tar file grows, around twice the size. When I extract the updated tar file (file size = 462MB), the unarchived file is 240MB the same size as the original directory.
Why does the size of the tar keep growing each time i perform 'tar uf'?? I don't understand this
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Jun 7, 2010
I have trouble converting a short array to a char array
Code:
short pShort[4] = { 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44 };
How to convert this to a char array?
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Feb 15, 2011
I am trying to build a media server for my home and still in the process of evaluating my OS options (Ubuntu Server, Fedora Core, or Win Server). I am planning to use four 1TB drives initially for the RAID5 array. Once it fill up i will add more 1TB drives.
My question is can Fedora Core create a RAID5 array and grow latter without having to back up data to external hard drive and re-create the array? I am looking for something that is easy to use and manage. If Fedora Core doesnt have this option, can you recommend other distributions that can do this?
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Feb 15, 2011
I am trying to build a media server for my home and still in the process of evaluating my OS options (Ubuntu Server, Fedora Core, or Win Server). I am planning to use four 1TB drives initially for the RAID5 array. Once it fill up i will add more 1TB drives.
My question is can Fedora Core create a RAID5 array and grow latter without having to back up data to external hard drive and re-create the array? I am looking for something that is easy to use and manage. If Fedora Core doesnt have this option, can you recommend other distributions that can do this?
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Apr 21, 2010
I installed a raid1 on a debian lenny box with only 1 drive "--raid-devices=1" because I didn't have the other drive yet. When I got the other drive, I used "mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=2" and "mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1" The original drive is sda1. I watched /proc/mdstat until it was completely synced, and after a reboot, the system will not reassamble the raid. It fails with "mdadm: no devices found for /dev/md0" This is where root is, therefore, I get nowhere. From a rescue cd I can disable the other drive and shrink back down to 1 device and it boots fine.
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Feb 6, 2010
Have the following partitions, I've grown md1 from 3 drives to 4 drives with mdadm. It is now the size below of 531899712 from 354599292.
[Code].....
As you can see above however, the filesystem is not growing. What am I missing. I don't believe I need to do anything with the partitions. I should just resize my array as I have and xfs_grow and be finished.
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Aug 10, 2010
I was wondering if it is possible to create a growing image for a loopback device. Like a file that you create that will grow with the data that is placed on it instead of a file that has to be the size of the entire file system?
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Sep 30, 2010
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Could anybody give me a pointer to a tool that can oversee growing directories or files or maybe a script that able to do this (possibly involving Cron). I try using "Find" but I cannot find any files that are suspiciously growing. I suspect it's a directory that is growing, but I don't know.
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Aug 9, 2009
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