Server :: Raid1 On Debian Won't Boot After Growing?
Apr 21, 2010
I installed a raid1 on a debian lenny box with only 1 drive "--raid-devices=1" because I didn't have the other drive yet. When I got the other drive, I used "mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=2" and "mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1" The original drive is sda1. I watched /proc/mdstat until it was completely synced, and after a reboot, the system will not reassamble the raid. It fails with "mdadm: no devices found for /dev/md0" This is where root is, therefore, I get nowhere. From a rescue cd I can disable the other drive and shrink back down to 1 device and it boots fine.
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May 17, 2010
I am self teaching everything I need to develop a home-based web server (linux/apache/php/mysql/html/css/etc...) It's quite an undertaking, but not beyond my abilities. I thought this question could have gone in either the linux - software or linux - hardware forum, and certainly not in the n00b section, but I figured it's best be put in the linux - server forum, since that's what this is related to.
I have been looking into the software and hardware RAID solutions for linux because I wanted to make sure that the boot drive of the web server I set up is mirrored with transparent disk fail/replace/recovery. I mean, setting up a boot drive for RAID1 sounded perfectly logical to me, and why wouldn't it to anybody else? So, since I knew RAID controllers were expensive, I looked into the native software RAID support in linux. My findings have revealed an issue with software raiding a boot drive in not only linux but windows as well. Apparently, if the primary drive fails (not the mirror), you have no other option but to power down the system to properly replace the failed disk, reboot, play some config crap, resync the drive, do some more config crap, reboot again, and -hopefully- it'll be ok. Well, that procedure is simply out of the question since the idea behind RAID is to transparently proceed as if nothing happened.
I'd like to know if it's even possible to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent and automatic fail/hot-swap/recover WITHOUT rebooting the system and with no intervention on my part other then replacing the drive whether it be a software raid or hardware raid solution. Eventually, what I'd like to do for a drive configuration is have 3 RAID volumes on the server configured like so:
RAID volume 1 = boot drive w/ webserver installed
RAID volume 2 = database files
RAID volume 3 = flatfile storage
Each raid volume will be a RAID1 of a 1TB drive (total = 6 x 1TB drives)
I've seen a lot of people having failure issues with the software RAID in these forums. Is this more common than not? I'm certainly not opposed to buying a hardware RAID solution as long as they're reliable and provide transparent/automatic recovery. So what's the best way to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent/automatic failover?
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Aug 9, 2010
Not sure on what is going on here. The server is RAID1 through hardware RAID. It was running an unusual high load so I rebooted it. Now it won't boot up. I am getting these errors after the CentOS boot screen:sda: Current [descriptor]: sense key: Medium ErrorAdd.Sense: Address mark not found for data field
end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 3040555357
device-mapper: raid1: A read failure occurred on a mirror device.
device-mapper: raid1: All sides of mirror have failed.
[code]....
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Jul 28, 2015
Recently tried to make RAID1 on MBR partitions scheme on Debian Jessie - debian-8.1.0-amd64-DVD-1. The issue - I have unable to boot from second drive after grub-install /dev/sdb by any ways. RAID1 itself for / swap and home is fully functional. Decided to try the same thing on GPT, same story. How to boot from second drive on most recent Debian Branches?
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Jan 7, 2011
We have the following server at collocation: [URL]
Provider's technicians were working for 3 hrs but finally were unable to set up hardware RAID1 on it.
What could prevent them from doing it? Is it difficult to set up RAID1? It is mentionned as basic function in specifications.
They said debian not booting after raid configured...
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Jan 18, 2011
I want to setup sendmail to alert for Nagios, OSSEC, redmine, ...
I configure sendmail to work with Gmail smtp follow this guide. I disable local delivery in sendmail by adding the following lines in sendmail.mc:
Code:
define(`MAIL_HUB', `xx.localdomain.')dnl
define(`LOCAL_RELAY', `xx.localdomain.')dnl
it works but this messages seems to be stuck in sendmail queue:
Code:
sendmail -bp
...
[Code].....
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Dec 10, 2010
I am trying to boot my F13 server that has 3 partitions (sda2,sdb2,sdc2) configured as RAID1 (md0), vg00 is on md0 and / is on vg00/lvol00 and boot is on /dev/sda1, sda3,sdb3 and sdc3 contain other non-OS data and I get the following errors
dracut scanning devices sda3,sdb3,sdc3 for LVM logical volumes vg00/lvol00 vg00/lvol01
.
dracut: Volume group "vg00" not found
dracut: Skipping volume group vg00
dracut: Autoassembling MD Raid
No root device round
and then everything stops
If I go in with rdshell and type in -
[Code]...
Ok I managed to solve it. When I originally installed F13 I had 2 partitions in md0 and later on I added /dev/sdc2 to make it a 3 partition Raid 1 array. My thinking was seeing that I had the extra space it wouldn't hurt to use it as another mirror. One month later after I booted the server I have found out it did hurt. I removed the 3rd partition and now it's fine again. I wonder though if it would be possible though to use that 3rd partition.
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Aug 2, 2011
I have an Intel server, which has it's two SATA HDD's in "Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology 5.4" RAID1 volume. How to proceed with a system image in case two of those SATA HDD's fail at the same time? Should one take the first HDD of RAID1 volume, connect it to another machine and execute:
Code:
# ddrescue /dev/sda1 /media/External/image_of_first_hdd /media/External/log_of_first_hdd
* HDD from the problematic RAID1 volume would be recognised as /dev/sda1 behind new machine
* /media/External/ is a mount point for large external HDD in the new machine
* log_of_first_hdd would be the log file
..and then take the second HDD to another machine and execute:
Code:
# ddrescue /dev/sda1 /media/External/image_of_second_hdd /media/External/log_of_second_hdd
how to make system image using ddrescue in case disks are in "Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology 5.4" RAID1?
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Mar 2, 2010
I cleverly built a machine with two drives mirrored, boot partition on the mirror. It crashed some time when I was not present, and was apparently writing to disk at the time, for since, it will not boot. I get error messages to the effect that there is no boot partition. At this point I am not particularly concerned to try to rebuild this array, though I have read a hell of a lot on the boards about trying that (and am daunted - everyone assumes you can boot the machine with the bad array). Instead, I am wondering is it possible to build a simple machine on a third disk, then "look" at the disks in the former (?) array, and/or potentially rebuild it?
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Aug 11, 2010
intending to set up an all-in-one server, i threw in the ubuntu server 10.04 (amd64) cd. during the text-install, i set up the device-topology below, and it worked.
[Code]....
then i tested my raid by hot-pulling off the sda wire (ouch). worked fine, system still worked, and it also managed rebooting from the left sdb (which of course showed up being sda, lacking the first drive). now i am trying to recover this pre-crash state. adding the first disk (showing up as sdb), i can add it to md0 and let it start syncronizing for 2 hours. but... i can?t boot anymore with the recovered first disk being sda...
at first, booting got stuck in an initrd-prompt after complaining it couldn?t find my sys-logical volume. after a lot of trial and error i don?t even get any complaints, just a black screen which would let me wait for a boot for weeks... so, my system does not boot from my first disk, whether i plug in the second or not. my second disk still boots. my last attempt to get booting fine again has been: zero sda?s first and last gigabyte to kill any ids duplicate sdb?s first cylinder to sda to make it bootable reinitialize sdb?s part.table using command o in fdisk for a new disk-id recreate sda1 partition add sda1 to md0
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Jan 2, 2011
I created a raid1 disk with Disk Utilities on with Karmic, then upgraded my system to Lucid then Maverick. This Raid disk is just a data store, I'm not booting off of it. when I reboot the raid1 disk does not start. I have to go into Disk Utilities, stop the array and then start it. Then it comes up and I can mount it. I ran dpkg-reconfigure mdadm and it created a valid entry in mdadm.conf. but the array still does not start on boot. I want to have it auto mount with fstab but need to make sure the array starts first.
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Jul 14, 2010
opensuse 11.2 64 bits installed in a RAID1 software array. Everything worked smooth during installation, the system boots, the mdx partitions are in their places, did the upgrades, configured the way i wanted, booted several times... all ok. Then i wanted to test the RAID and since its RAID1 i just disconnected 1 drive and started the computer. All what i got is
GRUB loading stage 1.5
GRUB loading, please wait...
Error 21
Connect the drive back and the system works ok.
Disconnect the other drive, then i got
GRUB loading stage 1.5
GRUB loading, pleas wait...
(hd1,0)/message: file not found
and a simple boot menu (in character mode) shows up with the 2 options SUSE LINUX and Failsafe -- SUSE LINUX (no version number)
[Code].....
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Feb 26, 2011
I have a raid1 setup on a machine. Recently it died and I thought one of the drives had failed as it was shooting errors. So I tried unplugging that drive get it to boot off the mirror but it seems the techs forgot to mirror the boot device so the 2nd drive can't boot on its own. After a while it was realized that the sata cable was in fact bad and replaced so now its working again.
However, this occurrence showed a flaw in the setup where the RAID1 isn't working as its supposed to. I would like to correct this. Can I somehow mirror the boot partition so the 2nd drive will boot independent? I'm not sure how I would go about this. This is a CentOS 5 installation.
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Mar 31, 2011
I've 2 servers (xen1 and xen2 - their hostnames) with perversion configuration below: Each server have 4 SATA disks, 1 Tb each.
16 Gb ddr3
debian squeeze x64 installed:
root@xen2:~# uname -a
Linux xen2 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Wed Jan 12 05:46:49 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Storage configuration: Former 256 Mb + 32 Gb of 2 of 4 disks are used as raid1 devices for /boot and swap respectively. The rest of space, 970 Gb on all 4 sata disks are used as raid10. There is LVM2 installed over that raid10. Volume group is named xenlvm (that servers are expected to use as xen 4.0.1 hosts, but the story is not about Xen troubles). / , /var, /home are located on logical volumes of small size (just found out I got mixed up with lv names and partitions, but that's not the problem, I think):
[Code]...
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Sep 9, 2009
I'm planning to setup a ubuntu file server. I'll be using the 8.04LTS server edition. the system is probably going to have 4 harddrives. at the end they shall form an software RAID10 system. I'd like to use lvm at some point in order to able to make snapshots as I read through some mdadm and lvm docu/tutorials I could think of two possible setups:
in both cases:
small raid1 of 2 partitions that will form /boot
small raid1 of 2 different partitions as swap space
1. the rest will form 2 large raid1, which will be combined to a single virtual drive via lvm
2. make a raid10 out of the rest with mdadm, then make a lvm volume group just consisting of the 1 virtual raid0 device are there pros/cons for either solution? is lvm as powerfull as mdadm in striping? will the first solution produce less overhead?
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Jul 25, 2011
how can I stop resyncing permenently & how can I check whether the normal sata HDDs can support RAID before/after buying HDDs. Because on every saturday or sunday resync is starting itself even there is no entry about resncing in crontab. But if I run "cat /proc/mdstat" it is showing RAID1 is perfect. see the below output
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 hdb1[1] hda1[0]
513984 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[code]....
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Aug 5, 2010
I'm a beginner + in debian (ie I know how to launch basic command under a shell), and I very new to configuration problem.I have a running perfectly file server for probably more than 2 years that I never touch. That's the debian problem, when it's unning, it's forever, no reboot at all.I recently bought 2 new sata drive 1TB5, that I add to my system by adding to my old system a SATA PCI board without any problem.But, one of these 3 month old drive is already dead.So I try to replace it and that's where problem started.....First I did a#mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sdb1, of course without sucess because sdb is dead
#mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 00.90.03
[code]...
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Mar 21, 2010
I just have a few questions about LVM and RAIDs. It seems they are basically the same thing. Is this correct? I can add two drives together on both of them and it appears as a larger drive, along with other setups like raid1 and raid5, etc.. And is there a difference in performance between them?
And my second question.. I know one is stripped and one is not, but is the performance between a raid1 and a raid0 the same? I've been told that raid1 is faster than raid0 because the data is written twice.. and therefore can be read from two different disks which equals faster read speed, but slower write speed since it writes to the two.
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Feb 8, 2009
i have 2 shiny new 1TB SATA drives. I have a running system already, basic install on a single disk. install both new drives & raid1 them on a single partition - mount them for storage. Seems simple but all i can find are howto's on instaling the whole system & booting on RAID.
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May 3, 2011
Followed steps 2-5 and purged/reinstalled grub now it boots as it should, NO idea where it was messed up.[URL].. I had 9.10 running in raid1 and upgraded my hardware (cpu, mb, memory etc) and wanted to do a fresh install of 10.04 to get updated. After following the various guides online such as [URL]...It begins to load grub and drops to a "grub> " shell. Which I have to do the following to get it to boot.
Code:
set root=(md1)
linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/md1 ro
initrd /initrd.img
boot
Then it boots up normally and I can use it like any other desktop. I've been over my grub.cfg and /etc/defaut/grub files and cannot find the issue. At this point I'm wondering if the fact it's a raid1 setup is keeping grub from finding it's files.
[Code]...
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Mar 6, 2011
I am a college student (compSci) that moves around a lot with a laptop. I back it up often, but I dont want a simple usb hd that can be stolen from my dorm and/or damaged (its already been damaged). I am making a file server with RAID 1 that will sit at my parents house for safer backups. I just need a few pointers, I have never experimented with RAID before.
Software: Fedora 14 - Software RAID 1. I will only have ssh running on a port other than 22, behind a router, with keyed entry only so I can remotely backup my stuff.
Hardware: A new(ish) P4 mobo with two (2TB) hd's (for RAID 1) and one small hd for the OS.
My questions:
1) Should I have the OS installed on a separate drive or on the two RAID drives? I am using software RAID, not hardware, so I assume I need two external drives for the RAID.
2) Should I be using more then two hd's for a RAID 1 array?
3) How can I encrypt the RAID drives? As I said before, I have no experience with RAID.
4) If the OS drive fails, can I just grab a new hd and install Fedora on it to get the data off my RAID array? Or do I need to image the Fedora drive every so often?
5) If one of the RAID drives fail, is there some sort of daemon that can tell me? I will not be at my house physically, so I will not be able to hear scratching platters :P. Also, because the size of a single disk in the array is 2 TB, can I just go out and get any kind of 2 TB drive to replace the failed one?
6) If the MoBo fails, can I just pop in a new one (of any kind) and continue using my same array?
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Dec 21, 2010
I am rebuilding a bunch of servers and want to do it right. They are Dell R200s and R300s with on-board LSI SAS1068E SCSI controllers with 2 SATA drives. The only RAID level supported on these cards is RAID 1. So, to the server, we have 148GB of space to deal with. They currently run 32-bit Ubuntu 8.10; I will be installing x64 Ubuntu 10.04.
I have always seen that it is best practice to partition in such a way that /boot, /var/log, /temp, and /home for example are separated out from /. Usually this is on a RAID5 or higher box. Is there any benefit to doing that sort of thing on a RAID1 box? I realize that this is in some ways a matter of opinion, but I would like the opinion of folks with experience. I'm pretty new to Linux in general.
The main services running on these boxes are Apache2, Tomcat6, MySQL, and Java.
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Feb 7, 2010
My software RAID setup is as follows.
/dev/md0 (made from sda1 and sdb1) RAID1 /boot partition
/dev/md1 (made from sda2, sdb2, and sdc2) RAID5 / partition
Earlier on I had some trouble with my sda drive, it dropped itself from both arrays, screwing up the mirroring of my two raid partitions participating in the /boot partition. I eventually got everything sorted out and back in sync. (I also have grub installed to MBR on both sda and sdb). Things are working fine regarding that, but since then I've had this issue:
During boot up, I'll get an error message that it could not mount my /boot partition (when fstab is set to either /dev/md0 or the UUID). It claims c9ab814c-47ea-492d-a3be-1eaa88d53477 does not exist!
My fstab:
Code:
[mark@mark-box ~]$ cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 20 16:34:41 2010
[code]....
As far as I know, it isn't neccessary for /boot to be mounted always, correct? Although, as I understand, I need to have it mounted whenever making kernel changes correct?
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Jul 22, 2011
I have SLES10-SP3 running on an Intel SR1600URHS board with 3 hot-swap SATA disks configured using mdadm as Raid1 with hot spare. If I pull one of the active disks, all file i/o will stop for about 2.5 minutes after which it will start again and the raid array will be rebuilt using the spare disk. Is there any way I can reduce this 2.5 minutes of inactivity? I've tried setting /sys/block/sdX/device/timeout and /sys/block/sdX/device/retries to 1 for all disks, but this hasn't made any difference. The output from messages is:
12:11:56: ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
12:11:56: ata2.00: cmd ea/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 0 cdb 0x1e data 0
12:11:56: res 40/00:03:00:00:20/00:00:00:00:00/b0 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[code]....
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Jul 26, 2014
I have a VIA Epia M 5000 system with 2 western digital 1TB NAS SATA drives connected through SATA<->IDE adapter. Everything installs and writes as expected except... grub. It never boots, after a message 'Grub loading' I always get 'error: no such disk'. I've tried numerous times and has been attemping to fix the issue for the past 2 days.
/dev/sda
0.999TB 0xfd linux raid autodetect partition
1GB 0xfd linux raid autodetect, logical partition
/dev/sdb exactly the same
0.999TB 0xfd linux raid autodetect partition
1GB 0xfd linux raid autodetect
/dev/md0
RAID1 of /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1
marked as ext4, boot point /
/dev/md1
RAID1 of /dev/sda5 and /dev/sdb5
marked as swap
update-grub2 in rescue mode generates grub.cfg with SET root=/mduuid/UUID_OF_SDA1
then after that there's search --no-floppy etc --set root=/mduuid/UUID_OF_MD0
I'm writing this from memory but simply the two uuids are different. Is this correct? I get those UUIDs to compare from blkid. All partitions are marked as bootable. grub-install /dev/sda and grub-install /dev/sdb produces no errors. grub-install /dev/md0 does not work, complains about superblocks or something similar.
Grub.cfg file contains insmod raid mdraid1x and similar lines, so that should be ok. Grub drops to rescue mode with message error: no such disk. Not device, but disk. Google finds many results for 'no such device' error, but I am not getting that error. 'ls' produces
(hd0) (hd0,msdos1) (hd1) (hd1,msdos1) ls ANY_VALID_PATH produces empty newline being printed, nothing more.
setting prefixes manually does not work, with error message 'error: file not found'. ls (hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub also produces empty line being printed. Rescue CD and auto-assemble of md0 and md1 works, the files are there, everything okay, except grub.
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May 20, 2010
Compared to my laptop notebook with a HD of 5400rpm, the write performance of raid1 on an ubuntu lucid server is unacceptable. In the begining, I installed ubuntu 9.04 server(alternate) using raid1 with two WD 1TB HDs of 7200rpm(Green Power) and then performed dist upgrade to 9.10 and then to 10.04.
I guess the write performance initially was reasonable since the installation and data migration(copy from another computer over LAN) didn't take too much time. However, after upgrading the server to 9.10 or so, I found large file upload through samba or ftp tends to block and time out. It is of no use whether to change the daemon or the client program so that I tried to test the read/write performance on the server to figure out the situation.
To my surprise, using strace I found even a simple program like cp would easily get blocked eventually in a write() system call for decades of seconds. Hence, I perform another disk writing test using dd for data size ranging from 50MB to 1GB. Performance test commands are listed as follows:
Quote: dd if=/dev/zero of=test.img count=[5|10|15|20|100] bs=10M
if the data to write is equal or fewer than 150MB, the command returns immediately at very hight speed but the raid disks starts to sync and busy so that the terminal prompt seems to freeze. I think this behavior is normal under the raid1 configuration, isn't it?
But when the data size is equal to 200MB, the test command blocks for seconds and the write speed is measured at about 16.6MB/s. Of course, the raid disk still starts to sync and busy afterwards. Next, I test writing with data of size 1GB. The command blocks so long for about 770 seconds(<2MB/s) while the same test runs for only 17.49 seconds(60MB/s) on my laptop.
I also burn a Lucid LiveCD to boot the server and mount the raid device to run the test again but the results remain similar. Does that means even I re-install the system on the raid, the problem never disappears?
PS: the disks run under the mode of UDMA6 without change.
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Mar 15, 2009
Yesterday I installed a new server with a large partition for my XEN images. This partition is a about 930GB. The installation tooks ages and after he finished I was finding out why that is. The SoftRAID1 I configured is rebuilding the large partition.
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Feb 1, 2011
We have had a hardisk crash in our RAID1 webhosting server running CentOS5 and Plesk. We first realized something was wrong when our main site didn't load but showed MySQL errors. We then found out that the system was in read-only state. Something that also happened the day before yesterday, but we could fix with a FSCK. Then the system worked well til around 18 hours later when it crashed with the same sympoms. So, we rebooted the server and wanted to do a filesystem check again. But the HDD wouldnt even load. It was gone. Unfortunatelly it was not realized that the second disk in the system was also not working any more for some time now. Fortunatelly we had our main site backed up externally though. So we could re-install a fresh box and mounted the two drives to the system. We checked the harddisk. One is practically empty (the older one), the other has almost only files in 'lost + found' but these are all "numbered", no real filenames or so.
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Nov 12, 2009
I'm trying to create new RAM image file to get my server load raid1 module upon start, I was following redhat documentation & it suggested to use the following command mkinited --with=raid1 inited-raid1-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r) However after running this command I'm getting this message No Kernel available for 'inited-2.6.18-128.el5"
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Jun 8, 2010
I have this little problem. I wanna backup a big file that is constantly growing. Is there any way to make one backup and then have some way to take incremental backup of it?
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