Currently running 10.04 and Cacti latest version and although my RAM is only just over 3/4 used my swap file is growing. If I leave the box running for about a week the swap fills and the system grinds to a halt.Is there some way of seeing what's in the swap so I can debug the problem and get my system more stable again?
View 5 RepliesI have this little problem. I wanna backup a big file that is constantly growing. Is there any way to make one backup and then have some way to take incremental backup of it?
View 2 Replies View RelatedI am new to Linux. I am using tar to backup my emails to a server. I would like to automate this process to routinely backup my emails periodicly, however, i keep running into a problem: I start in the dir I would like to create the tar file (dir size = 240MB). I enter the following command
tar cf bup.mail.llc.tar "/Users/d/Library/Mail/INBOX.mbox/Messages"
file size = 234MB
When I would like to backup my emails into the previously created tar file I use the following command:
tar uf bup.mail.llc.tar "/Users/d/Library/Mail/INBOX.mbox/Messages"file size = 462MB The backup command works, except the size of the original tar file grows, around twice the size. When I extract the updated tar file (file size = 462MB), the unarchived file is 240MB the same size as the original directory.
Why does the size of the tar keep growing each time i perform 'tar uf'?? I don't understand this
I've already asked this in the mythbuntu and didn't get an answer there so I'm trying here. OK just added another 2Tb WD drive to my mdadm controled RAID5 array, and the reshape is finished:-
Code:
Code:
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.343421] md: md1: reshape done.
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.525114] RAID5 conf printout:
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.525119] --- rd:4 wd:4
Mar 28 18:28:36 alpha2 kernel: [104357.525122] disk 0, o:1, dev:sda2
[code]...
RAM for older machines like I use is fairly cheap these days. But flash memory is just as cheap or cheaper. So I'd like to ask about the feasibility of expanding my system's memory using flash memory. And about whether creating a partition for swap on the flash memory, or whether a swap file on the flash device, is the better way to go.
By flash memory I have in mind mainly USB sticks or what are sometimes called "pen drives." But I do also have CF and SD cards that, with the proper cheap adapter (one of which I already own for adapting CF) could be used to create extra swap space. So, what is the current consensus on the feasibility/advisability of using flash memory for swap? I've read about the limited write cycles of flash being an argument against using it for swap. But recent reading indicates to me that the limited write cycles problem applies mostly to older, smaller-capacity flash memory. Some will come out and say that, for larger-capacity flash memory, the life of the device is likely to exceed the amount of time your current computer will be useful (I think I've seen estimates in the range of 3-4 years life--minimum--for newer, higher-capacity flash memory).
A more persuasive argument I've heard against using flash memory for swap is that access times for these devices can be much slower than SATA, and maybe even IDE, hard drives. That would certainly dictate against using flash memory for swap.
So, how about some input on this issue? Anyone using flash memory for swap? If so, what kind (e.g., usb stick or SD/CF)? Are you using a swap file or a swap partition? How's system performance? Likewise, has anyone had flash-memory-used-as-swap die on them? The consequences would undoubtedly be dire. Also, has anyone measured flash memory access times to confirm or refute claims about slow access times? Are some types of flash memory better/worse than others in terms of access times?
Does one need to Check the Swap filesystem, from time to time
View 4 Replies View RelatedHow to find continuously growing files in the file system?
View 11 Replies View RelatedI am using ubuntu 9.04 on my laptop from past 8 months. These days when I boot my laptop, The booting process takes more time on the following step:
Activating swap file
I'm having problems using a swap file to increase swap space in Linux. I followed the instructions for creating a swap file, as shown here:
[URL]
It works, and I increased my swap space. But when I reboot, I'm back to the original amount of swap space I had before. The swap file I created is still there, but it's not being used as swap space. I tried remounting the swap file but it doesn't work.
Also, it seems there isn't an fstab entry created for the swap file. Strange, huh? I don't think it made a difference but I manually copied the UUID for the swap file and made an entry in fstab.
I may be wrong, but from what I can tell the UUID of the swap file keeps changing every time I reboot.
So basically every time I reboot I have to repeat the instructions shown above to get more swap space.
I have read somewhere, that Ubuntu can not suspend itself into a swap file, is that true?
View 6 Replies View RelatedI want to move my swap file onto a new extended hard drive.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1243 9984366 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1244 1305 498015 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1244 1305 497983+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
I want to put a 2Gb swap file on sda2.
> dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/mnt/2Gb.swap bs=1M count=2048
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000388458 s, 2.6 MB/s
Why is this only copying 1.0kB? Do I need to format the extended drive first? I have tried specifying the block size and count a number of different ways with the same results.
a possibly preposterous question. I am aware that you can designate a swap file or swap partition on your hard drive that linux uses as "memory". Suggested sizes for the swap file that I've seen range up to about 1024MB. Is there a limit to the swap file size that you can set?Basically I am running a perl script that processes a massive B) file (DNA sequence data), etc, and requires around 48 GB of memory to run, maybe a bit less. So, would it be possible to set a swap file to a massive, ridiculous size (~60GB oratever) and successfully run such a script on a desktop?Yes, I am aware that it would massively ow down the process. The thing is, if the perl script normally completes in about half an hour, and I can get it working on a desktop, I don't mind if it takes days or weeks to complete. I really don't. That's because it takes days or weeks to get access to a computer with the required grunt to do it.So, is this a stupid idea? Is it even possible? If so, given a perl script that normally completes in a half hour on a 48G system, if you do this, would it take days? weeks? decades
View 7 Replies View RelatedI currently have Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 installed and have a great setup. However, I'm trying to install another OS on the hard drive and need to remove a partition. I've read online that I can remove the Swap partition and use a "Swap file". My question is this: Is it possible to replace the Swap partition with a "swap file" without having to re-install linux?
Dual-booting: Mac OS X 10.6.3 / Ubuntu Desktop 10.10
Macbook Pro 6,1
2.8 GHz Intel Core i7, 4 GB RAM
Lucid on an Acer Travelmate800.Can anyone tell me why I have 0k for swap space? I allocated swap which I can see in my Disk Utility's 'volumes' display.
View 5 Replies View RelatedDoes webilder just keep growing the collection? Or does it ever get rid of old photos? It seems to me an ideal webilder I could set max 100k, it would delete oldest photos to make room for new. Or, like flickrwall (windows), it would just pull one flickr photo per hour, over writing last photo.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI am sitting in front of an Ubuntu which was installed previously by someone else. How can I find out if a swap partition was defined?Is it always a swap partition or only a (ONE) swap file (like in Windows XP) ?If there is currently no swap partition: How can I create one and tell Ubuntu to use it?How can I conversely tell Ubuntu NOT to use a separate swap partition but to use
View 2 Replies View RelatedMy swap file is 5.8 gb and I have a swappiness of 60. Is there any reason to increase any of these values?
View 9 Replies View RelatedAlright, I just wanted to see if this would even work, so I installed Ubuntu Lucid Linx 10.04 on a 2001 Sony Vaio with 1.7 Ghz. Intel P4 processor and, yes you're reading this correctly, only 256 MB of PC2100 Ram. I dumped in my own PCI wlan card and 64 MB Radeon 9000 Pro AGP card, then I did the installation.
Although I already ordered 2 mem chips (512 MB each) for this system which will max it out, I also created a 5 GB swap partition since I figured that this would greatly enhance the installation and consequent usage thereafter. Now mind you, the installation of 32bit Lucid worked like a charm. Slower than normal, but like a charm. Wifi is working and even the 3D desktop settings are working in advanced mode. BUT the system is just way too slow to react to the mouse and keyboard. I'm certain that the lack of memory has a lot to do with that although I was secretly hoping that the huge swap file would help to make a big perfomance difference. So here now my questions:
1. The swap file doesn't really appear to have made any difference at all. How come?
2. If I wanted to "downgrade" to Xubuntu, how would I accomplish this?
3. Would it be a better idea to just start over with an installation of Crunchbang instead?
I'm trying to get this system working for a relative who's never had a computer before. Whatever I end up with on this machine has to be as simple as possible to use while maintaining some semblence of decent perfomance. I'm sure before too long they'll want to enhance their desktop looks/theme as well so consideration needs to be given to that too. Your suggestions and comments would be appreciated. Again, Ubuntu Lucid runs just fine, although really really slow. Internet is no problem.
I got squid3 installed on ubuntu server 10.4. I believe it is up and running as I can browse the internet on my other computers.I followed one of the tutorials on the net and looked at others for guide as well. Everyone of them did not mentioned that we have to create the swap files. Are we suppose too? I couldn't find the location of the swap file anywhere on the server.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI am concerned about the LiveCD touching my HDD at all. Is this a factor, such as using HDD space for a swap file? I thought the whole thing ran off my RAM. Anyway here's my specs:
MacBook Pro 500GB:
HFS+ Partition w/Snow Leaopard ~400GB
NTFS Parition with WIndows 7 ~100GB
EFI Partition ~200MB
1) Does this mean I have a "swap file" on there I don't know about? I assume both WIndows and OSX use virtual memory to manage RAM when running in their respective operating systems but does that mean Ubuntu LiveCD will use one of my winows or OSX partition's "swap file"?
2) Or is there an invisiable partition created for LiveCD to use on some unallocated space on my HDD (I don't think there's any but idunno)?
3) How can I be sure the LiveCD is not writing ANY data to the HDD? I don't believe I have ever explicitly created a swap file in either OSX or windows.
I made a mistake and during the setup created a seperate swap partition and noticed that using this on a usbstick hindered performance. So I want to simply add the swap to the same partition as root and the others. I used this ubuntu help file. Will this suffice:
[URL]
I have a file in the following format
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line1
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line2
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line3
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line4
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line5
Question: what command can I use swap item1 and item2 around and keep the attributes in place.
A space seperates the first and second column. The file has many hundreds of lines in which these need to be swapped
Output needs to be as follows:
item2 item1 attrbute1, attribute2, line1
item2 item1 attrbute1, attribute2, line2
item2 item1 attrbute1, attribute2, line3
I have a csv file of my students' names, but they're listed in the Asian order (last name, first name) and I need to list them in English order (first name, last name).
I know I can use something like awk, but that's usually substituting one thing for another. How can I get it to modify the names in a column in a csv file and swap the order? code...
I would want to switch "Tanaka Hiroto" to read "Hiroto Tanaka". There's about 500-600 names in the list, so doing this using CLI would save a lot of time.
I have a Dell m101z laptop in dual boot configuration running Ubuntu 10.10 + W7. The hibernate and suspend option worked like a charm until I proceeded with some updates a few days ago from the update manager. After that the hibernate button mysteriously disappeared! Then I tried to install uswsusp (s2ram and s2disk) and to my surprise it reports that my swap file is invalid and fails to install! my fdisk -l
[Code]...
I was growing a 3 disk raid 5 to a 4 disk raid 6.I used mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --level=6 --raid-devices=4 backup- file=/home/user/Desktop/md0.backup for the grow.The drive I added was /dev/sde1. Well it was going strong for like 2-3 days and last time I checked it was at 73% rebuild.Well the frikin power went out on me and when I came back home I can't get the array assembled.
I just have a fear that i lost my superblocks but I'm also a moron when it comes to this stuff.. I would like to think not, but I'm sure there are much smarter people than I on this issue. Any help would help cause of course I have a lot of stuff on my raid with 3 2tb drives.. the irony is I was converting to raid 6 to make sure I had really good safety net.
Should the swap file be as large as possible or as small as possible providing a person has 8GB of installed ram.
View 14 Replies View RelatedI use the follow command to create a encrypted swap:
Code:
bash# echo "cryptswap /dev/sda5 none swap" >> /etc/crypttab
and edit the 'fstab' file :
Code:
/dev/sda6 / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/mapper/cryptswap swap swap defaults 0 0
That's work fine, but I found the permission of '/dev/mapper/cryptswap' is like this:
Code:
hello@world:~$ ls -l /dev/mapper/cryptswap
brw-rw-r-- 1 root disk 253, 4 2010-05-28 12:55 /dev/mapper/cryptswap
Other users can read the file '/dev/mapper/cryptswap', does it harm the system's security ?
Due to some reason not known to me at this moment, my regular shutdown doesn't work. It freezes on disabling the swap file and doesn't do anything. Now, until that problem is solved, I need a way to properly shutdown. I found one, which is poweroff -f, but it is hardly graceful, and would amount to 'flipping the switch' I guess. The other is hibernate, which is what I now use. This does work, but I rather completely shut down the system. For one, regular boot is quicker than resuming from hibernate.
My main question is: is there any way to make the poweroff -f command, e.g. combined with manually disabling the swap file or whatever,"safe?" as in, I can imagine a sudden power off meaning more chance of damage to the HD, which I don't want.
So, I recently installed a server with several software RAID partitions over three drives. After installation, I pulled out the CD-ROM and added a fourth drive.
I believe I successfully grew all the arrays (RAID1 for /boot, RAID5 for /, and RAID1 for swap), but I'm not seeing that growth in my filesystem.
The root partition is no larger than it previously was, even though the specific array that is mounted to it has grown to the proper size.
$ df -h
Code:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md2 292G 6.8G 271G 3% /
none 118M 292K 118M 1% /dev
none 123M 0 123M 0% /dev/shm
[Code]....
I'm sure I'm missing something quite simple here, but how can I resize my root partition to the full size of /dev/md2?
I should note that even though I ripped out the CD-ROM in favor of an additional HDD, I can probably run a live session from a USB stick (although I've been unable to thus far- any solution that can avoid doing so is preferable).
My fileserver initially had 3 1TB drives in RAID 5 configured with mdadm as /dev/md1. (System root is a mirrored raid on /dev/md0) I went to go add a 4th 1TB drive to /dev/md1 and grow the raid 5 accordingly. I was initially following this guide: [URL] but ran into issues on the 3rd and 4th commands. I've been trying a few things to remedy the issue since, but no luck. The drive seems to have been added to /dev/md1 properly, but I can't get the filesystem to resize to 3TB. I also am not entirely sure how /dev/md1p1 got created, but it appears to be the primary partition on the logical device /dev/md1.
Relevent information:
Code:
fdisk -l /dev/md1
Disk /dev/md1: 3000.6 GB, 3000606523392 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 732569952 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 196608 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xda4939fa .....
The filesystem originated as ext3, I believe its showing up as ext2 in some of these results because I disabled the journal when doing some initial troubleshooting. Not sure what the issue is, but I didn't want to blindly perform operations on the filesystem and risk losing my data.