Server :: System Image Of Intel Server RAID1?
Aug 2, 2011
I have an Intel server, which has it's two SATA HDD's in "Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology 5.4" RAID1 volume. How to proceed with a system image in case two of those SATA HDD's fail at the same time? Should one take the first HDD of RAID1 volume, connect it to another machine and execute:
Code:
# ddrescue /dev/sda1 /media/External/image_of_first_hdd /media/External/log_of_first_hdd
* HDD from the problematic RAID1 volume would be recognised as /dev/sda1 behind new machine
* /media/External/ is a mount point for large external HDD in the new machine
* log_of_first_hdd would be the log file
..and then take the second HDD to another machine and execute:
Code:
# ddrescue /dev/sda1 /media/External/image_of_second_hdd /media/External/log_of_second_hdd
how to make system image using ddrescue in case disks are in "Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology 5.4" RAID1?
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Nov 12, 2009
I'm trying to create new RAM image file to get my server load raid1 module upon start, I was following redhat documentation & it suggested to use the following command mkinited --with=raid1 inited-raid1-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r) However after running this command I'm getting this message No Kernel available for 'inited-2.6.18-128.el5"
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Jul 3, 2011
Im still a newbie in Linux. I would like to know how to burn an ISO image to DVD using RHLServer.
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Mar 6, 2011
I am a college student (compSci) that moves around a lot with a laptop. I back it up often, but I dont want a simple usb hd that can be stolen from my dorm and/or damaged (its already been damaged). I am making a file server with RAID 1 that will sit at my parents house for safer backups. I just need a few pointers, I have never experimented with RAID before.
Software: Fedora 14 - Software RAID 1. I will only have ssh running on a port other than 22, behind a router, with keyed entry only so I can remotely backup my stuff.
Hardware: A new(ish) P4 mobo with two (2TB) hd's (for RAID 1) and one small hd for the OS.
My questions:
1) Should I have the OS installed on a separate drive or on the two RAID drives? I am using software RAID, not hardware, so I assume I need two external drives for the RAID.
2) Should I be using more then two hd's for a RAID 1 array?
3) How can I encrypt the RAID drives? As I said before, I have no experience with RAID.
4) If the OS drive fails, can I just grab a new hd and install Fedora on it to get the data off my RAID array? Or do I need to image the Fedora drive every so often?
5) If one of the RAID drives fail, is there some sort of daemon that can tell me? I will not be at my house physically, so I will not be able to hear scratching platters :P. Also, because the size of a single disk in the array is 2 TB, can I just go out and get any kind of 2 TB drive to replace the failed one?
6) If the MoBo fails, can I just pop in a new one (of any kind) and continue using my same array?
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Feb 16, 2010
I wish to use my laptop to create a system for my Soekris 4801. I don't want to take the server down for the lengthy install ( took 6 hours last time, Fedora 5 ). I want to create the image on a USB drive for the 586 Soekris server on my 686 HP laptop. Then scp the image to the Soekris and reboot and configure the server.
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May 17, 2010
I am self teaching everything I need to develop a home-based web server (linux/apache/php/mysql/html/css/etc...) It's quite an undertaking, but not beyond my abilities. I thought this question could have gone in either the linux - software or linux - hardware forum, and certainly not in the n00b section, but I figured it's best be put in the linux - server forum, since that's what this is related to.
I have been looking into the software and hardware RAID solutions for linux because I wanted to make sure that the boot drive of the web server I set up is mirrored with transparent disk fail/replace/recovery. I mean, setting up a boot drive for RAID1 sounded perfectly logical to me, and why wouldn't it to anybody else? So, since I knew RAID controllers were expensive, I looked into the native software RAID support in linux. My findings have revealed an issue with software raiding a boot drive in not only linux but windows as well. Apparently, if the primary drive fails (not the mirror), you have no other option but to power down the system to properly replace the failed disk, reboot, play some config crap, resync the drive, do some more config crap, reboot again, and -hopefully- it'll be ok. Well, that procedure is simply out of the question since the idea behind RAID is to transparently proceed as if nothing happened.
I'd like to know if it's even possible to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent and automatic fail/hot-swap/recover WITHOUT rebooting the system and with no intervention on my part other then replacing the drive whether it be a software raid or hardware raid solution. Eventually, what I'd like to do for a drive configuration is have 3 RAID volumes on the server configured like so:
RAID volume 1 = boot drive w/ webserver installed
RAID volume 2 = database files
RAID volume 3 = flatfile storage
Each raid volume will be a RAID1 of a 1TB drive (total = 6 x 1TB drives)
I've seen a lot of people having failure issues with the software RAID in these forums. Is this more common than not? I'm certainly not opposed to buying a hardware RAID solution as long as they're reliable and provide transparent/automatic recovery. So what's the best way to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent/automatic failover?
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Mar 31, 2011
I've 2 servers (xen1 and xen2 - their hostnames) with perversion configuration below: Each server have 4 SATA disks, 1 Tb each.
16 Gb ddr3
debian squeeze x64 installed:
root@xen2:~# uname -a
Linux xen2 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Wed Jan 12 05:46:49 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Storage configuration: Former 256 Mb + 32 Gb of 2 of 4 disks are used as raid1 devices for /boot and swap respectively. The rest of space, 970 Gb on all 4 sata disks are used as raid10. There is LVM2 installed over that raid10. Volume group is named xenlvm (that servers are expected to use as xen 4.0.1 hosts, but the story is not about Xen troubles). / , /var, /home are located on logical volumes of small size (just found out I got mixed up with lv names and partitions, but that's not the problem, I think):
[Code]...
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Aug 23, 2010
I would like to run my own server, and I'm thinking of buying a dedicated machine to run it on. I checked out the dell website for a cheap machine to run it on (I don't need high performance - just a personal file server running a few hard drives, and a web/mail server). I noticed that they have some cheap models in their server line that are as cheap as a desktop. Compare:
[URL]
The main difference I see between the desktops and the servers is the use of the Core or Xeon processor, and also, the servers tend to have lower RAM.if I am looking for value, should I opt for a low end desktop or a low end server to run a personal server? Also, what advantage does the Xeon processors and Dell server line have over the desktop models that make it better for running a server?
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Sep 9, 2009
I'm planning to setup a ubuntu file server. I'll be using the 8.04LTS server edition. the system is probably going to have 4 harddrives. at the end they shall form an software RAID10 system. I'd like to use lvm at some point in order to able to make snapshots as I read through some mdadm and lvm docu/tutorials I could think of two possible setups:
in both cases:
small raid1 of 2 partitions that will form /boot
small raid1 of 2 different partitions as swap space
1. the rest will form 2 large raid1, which will be combined to a single virtual drive via lvm
2. make a raid10 out of the rest with mdadm, then make a lvm volume group just consisting of the 1 virtual raid0 device are there pros/cons for either solution? is lvm as powerfull as mdadm in striping? will the first solution produce less overhead?
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Apr 21, 2010
I installed a raid1 on a debian lenny box with only 1 drive "--raid-devices=1" because I didn't have the other drive yet. When I got the other drive, I used "mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=2" and "mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1" The original drive is sda1. I watched /proc/mdstat until it was completely synced, and after a reboot, the system will not reassamble the raid. It fails with "mdadm: no devices found for /dev/md0" This is where root is, therefore, I get nowhere. From a rescue cd I can disable the other drive and shrink back down to 1 device and it boots fine.
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Jul 25, 2011
how can I stop resyncing permenently & how can I check whether the normal sata HDDs can support RAID before/after buying HDDs. Because on every saturday or sunday resync is starting itself even there is no entry about resncing in crontab. But if I run "cat /proc/mdstat" it is showing RAID1 is perfect. see the below output
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 hdb1[1] hda1[0]
513984 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[code]....
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Aug 9, 2010
Not sure on what is going on here. The server is RAID1 through hardware RAID. It was running an unusual high load so I rebooted it. Now it won't boot up. I am getting these errors after the CentOS boot screen:sda: Current [descriptor]: sense key: Medium ErrorAdd.Sense: Address mark not found for data field
end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 3040555357
device-mapper: raid1: A read failure occurred on a mirror device.
device-mapper: raid1: All sides of mirror have failed.
[code]....
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Jan 6, 2011
I have the following configuration:
2xHDD 300GB RAID1 - OS part
2xHDD 1TB RAID1 - data part.
Both arrays were created inside the bios-like setup.
During the installation of fedora I "checkboxed" only the 300GB OS raid and used it for the installation. Everything is ok with it. After installation finished and I rebooted, I tried to initialize my second RAID1, that's 1TB - I was able, it was OK, I created 1 max-size filesystem there and put some data in it. After reboot this filesystem didn't want to mount for some reason - so I commented it in fstab and to my surprise, when I reached linux - the partition for it doesn't exist!!! Here is some data:
Code:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0]
976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU]
[Code]....
My guess would be that I am not fully and properly initializing the second array, (it's marked as auto read only in cat /proc/mdstat) but I'm not sure how to proceed.
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Nov 23, 2010
I'm trying to load CentOS 5.5 on a new server with an Intel S5500BC motherboard using RAID 1. This board has a known problem with RHEL 5.x and the driver disk supplied has a fix. Here is the download for the driver [URL] Under the ESRT2_RHEL4-5_SLES9-1--11_v.13.21.2010_README file are directions in Section 3.1.3 on how to install the RHEL5x megasr driver. This works. The last thing replaces the ACHI driver with the megasr driver (paragraph 15) by loading the megasr.13.21.0614.2010-1-rhel50-u4-all.img in a temp file and then type "./replace_achi.sh". This step doesn't work and it is the critical one as it replaces the achi with megasr in the initrd image.
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Sep 16, 2010
I currently run Windows Server 2008 at my office, but I'm looking to test Samba as a PDC for future reference/consulting work. Before I go and try to configure Samba, I wanted to ask if anyone can think of pitfalls I would run into and perhaps recommend a better setup:
<10 PCs running either Windows XP, Vista, or 7.
VirtualBox running Debian (planning on swapping for Fedora) on a Windows XP Home computer.
Computers are connected to a large switch, which is connected to a wireless router. The Windows server doesn't employ ICS (essentially is just a $1500 PDC ). where I could find a .ovm format image of a windows server installation? I'm guessing vmware would work in this regard, but I'm not fond of using purposely crippled software.
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Jan 7, 2011
We have the following server at collocation: [URL]
Provider's technicians were working for 3 hrs but finally were unable to set up hardware RAID1 on it.
What could prevent them from doing it? Is it difficult to set up RAID1? It is mentionned as basic function in specifications.
They said debian not booting after raid configured...
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Jan 25, 2011
I will be relocating to a permanent residence sometime in the next year or two. I've recently begun thinking about the best way to implement a home-based network. It occurred to me that the most elegant solution might be the use of VM technology to eliminate as much hardware and wiring as possible.My thinking is this: Install a multi-core system and configure it to run several VMs, one each for a firewall, a caching proxy server, a mail server, a web server. Additionally, I would like to run 2-4 VMs as remote (RDP)workstations, using diskless workstations to boot the VMs over powerline ethernet.The latest powerline technology (available later this year) will allow multiple devices on a residential circuit operating at near gigabit speed, just like legacy wired networks.
In theory, the above would allow me to consolidate everything but the disklessworkstations on a single server and eliminate all wired (and wireless) connections except the broadband connection to the Internet and the cabling to the nearest power outlets. It appears technically possible, but I'm not sure about the various virtual connections among VMs. In theory, each VM should be able to communicate with the other as if it was on the same network via the server data bus, but what about setting up firewall zones? Any internal I/O bandwidth bottlenecks? Any other potential "gotchas", caveats, issues? (Other than the obvious requirement of having enough CPU and RAM).Any thoughts or observations welcome, especially if they are from real world experience in a VM environment. BTW--in case you're wondering why I'm posting here, it's because I run Debian on all my workstations/servers (running VirtualBox as a VM for Windows XP on one workstation).
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Dec 21, 2010
I am rebuilding a bunch of servers and want to do it right. They are Dell R200s and R300s with on-board LSI SAS1068E SCSI controllers with 2 SATA drives. The only RAID level supported on these cards is RAID 1. So, to the server, we have 148GB of space to deal with. They currently run 32-bit Ubuntu 8.10; I will be installing x64 Ubuntu 10.04.
I have always seen that it is best practice to partition in such a way that /boot, /var/log, /temp, and /home for example are separated out from /. Usually this is on a RAID5 or higher box. Is there any benefit to doing that sort of thing on a RAID1 box? I realize that this is in some ways a matter of opinion, but I would like the opinion of folks with experience. I'm pretty new to Linux in general.
The main services running on these boxes are Apache2, Tomcat6, MySQL, and Java.
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May 7, 2010
I have a problem with the system backup. I need to create a system image using the command "tar", but my server has physical disks with LVM and I am executing "linux rescue" for recovering the linux image. After restoring the image on the new server reports "kernel panic", this is caused because the new server where I restored the image doesn't have LVM disks.
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Jul 22, 2011
I have SLES10-SP3 running on an Intel SR1600URHS board with 3 hot-swap SATA disks configured using mdadm as Raid1 with hot spare. If I pull one of the active disks, all file i/o will stop for about 2.5 minutes after which it will start again and the raid array will be rebuilt using the spare disk. Is there any way I can reduce this 2.5 minutes of inactivity? I've tried setting /sys/block/sdX/device/timeout and /sys/block/sdX/device/retries to 1 for all disks, but this hasn't made any difference. The output from messages is:
12:11:56: ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
12:11:56: ata2.00: cmd ea/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 0 cdb 0x1e data 0
12:11:56: res 40/00:03:00:00:20/00:00:00:00:00/b0 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[code]....
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May 20, 2010
Compared to my laptop notebook with a HD of 5400rpm, the write performance of raid1 on an ubuntu lucid server is unacceptable. In the begining, I installed ubuntu 9.04 server(alternate) using raid1 with two WD 1TB HDs of 7200rpm(Green Power) and then performed dist upgrade to 9.10 and then to 10.04.
I guess the write performance initially was reasonable since the installation and data migration(copy from another computer over LAN) didn't take too much time. However, after upgrading the server to 9.10 or so, I found large file upload through samba or ftp tends to block and time out. It is of no use whether to change the daemon or the client program so that I tried to test the read/write performance on the server to figure out the situation.
To my surprise, using strace I found even a simple program like cp would easily get blocked eventually in a write() system call for decades of seconds. Hence, I perform another disk writing test using dd for data size ranging from 50MB to 1GB. Performance test commands are listed as follows:
Quote: dd if=/dev/zero of=test.img count=[5|10|15|20|100] bs=10M
if the data to write is equal or fewer than 150MB, the command returns immediately at very hight speed but the raid disks starts to sync and busy so that the terminal prompt seems to freeze. I think this behavior is normal under the raid1 configuration, isn't it?
But when the data size is equal to 200MB, the test command blocks for seconds and the write speed is measured at about 16.6MB/s. Of course, the raid disk still starts to sync and busy afterwards. Next, I test writing with data of size 1GB. The command blocks so long for about 770 seconds(<2MB/s) while the same test runs for only 17.49 seconds(60MB/s) on my laptop.
I also burn a Lucid LiveCD to boot the server and mount the raid device to run the test again but the results remain similar. Does that means even I re-install the system on the raid, the problem never disappears?
PS: the disks run under the mode of UDMA6 without change.
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Mar 15, 2009
Yesterday I installed a new server with a large partition for my XEN images. This partition is a about 930GB. The installation tooks ages and after he finished I was finding out why that is. The SoftRAID1 I configured is rebuilding the large partition.
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Feb 1, 2011
We have had a hardisk crash in our RAID1 webhosting server running CentOS5 and Plesk. We first realized something was wrong when our main site didn't load but showed MySQL errors. We then found out that the system was in read-only state. Something that also happened the day before yesterday, but we could fix with a FSCK. Then the system worked well til around 18 hours later when it crashed with the same sympoms. So, we rebooted the server and wanted to do a filesystem check again. But the HDD wouldnt even load. It was gone. Unfortunatelly it was not realized that the second disk in the system was also not working any more for some time now. Fortunatelly we had our main site backed up externally though. So we could re-install a fresh box and mounted the two drives to the system. We checked the harddisk. One is practically empty (the older one), the other has almost only files in 'lost + found' but these are all "numbered", no real filenames or so.
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May 13, 2011
I have been able to find enough information that I need to enable 'time-udp' in /etc/xinetd.d/ But there isn't an entry for time-udp. How do I enable time-udp (Time of Day server) on a Red Hat system? It's RHEL 5.6 64bit.
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Mar 23, 2010
I am kinda stuck while providing solution for the above problem. I have achieved the fail over using keepalived but not sure how can we replicate the data from one server to other seamlessly and have them in sync with each other. My prime requirement for this project is end user should not notice the fail over and replicated copy of data should be available on the secondary as well.
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May 28, 2010
In my production setup, i have 3 servers using the same mount point. However, i see that the IOPS is low. Does this kind of architecture have any impact on IOPS. In case it is neutral, how can i tune my setup for better IOPS.
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Apr 26, 2010
How to configure linux vpn server for windows clients & roadwarriors connection?
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Oct 4, 2010
I have a RHEL5 machine having mysql5.0.22 is installed in it. i also installed java through "jdk-1_5_0_19-linux-i586.bin" package, and its version is 1.5.0_19. I am trying to check if any JDBC driver for Mysql Server is installed on my system . How can I do this? If any driver is already installed How can I get the file path for those driver files? is it comes along with jdk packages? As i am not a programmer, and does't know more about jdbc.
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Feb 25, 2009
I have a weird performance issue with a centos 5 running a nfs server and a rh8 client. I think the fact that it is rh8 client should be downplayed. It is just that with rh8 client the performance degradation seems more clear. See test details below OS in server is Centos 5 x86_64 kernel 2.6.18-92.1.22.el5
1Gb connection between machines File to test over NFS is a 1GB file. First of all I wanted to measure how the network alone performs while using NFS. So in the server side I run a "cat" command on the 1GB file to /dev/null. Please note that the disk read speed is about 98MBs. At this point the file system has the 1GB file cached in memory. In the client side a "cat" on the same file gives me a speed of about 113MBs. It seems then that the bottleneck in this instance is the network and it is very close to nominal speed. So the network performance is really good. (BTW I know that the server got that file from cache because a vmstat or iostat shows no disk activity.)
The second test is reading from disk with no caching involve. In the server I flushed the 1GB file from the memory. For instance by reading another 5GB file and I repeat the same thing as above in the client (a cat on the 1GB file). Now, the server has to go to disk.(vmstat or iostat shows the disk activity). However the performance, now, is about 20MBs, I was expecting something closer so 90MBs. (since the reading speed in the server in the first test showed 98MBs).
This second test was repeated for ext2, ext3, xfs with no significant differences. A similar test using a RH8 NFS server and client gets me close to 60MBs for a 1GB file not cache by the file system in the serverSince network speeds and disk read speeds are not the bottlenecks ... what or where is the limiting factor then?
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Feb 8, 2010
We are trying to define an appliance for an application server so I would like to know which should be the best file system type for this kind of use, basically our web applications uses libraries of 50 KB and our web apps.creates temp and logs files not bigger than 3 MB.
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