Server :: Lvm Ontop Of Raid10 Or Combine Two Raid1 Via Lvm?
Sep 9, 2009
I'm planning to setup a ubuntu file server. I'll be using the 8.04LTS server edition. the system is probably going to have 4 harddrives. at the end they shall form an software RAID10 system. I'd like to use lvm at some point in order to able to make snapshots as I read through some mdadm and lvm docu/tutorials I could think of two possible setups:
in both cases:
small raid1 of 2 partitions that will form /boot
small raid1 of 2 different partitions as swap space
1. the rest will form 2 large raid1, which will be combined to a single virtual drive via lvm
2. make a raid10 out of the rest with mdadm, then make a lvm volume group just consisting of the 1 virtual raid0 device are there pros/cons for either solution? is lvm as powerfull as mdadm in striping? will the first solution produce less overhead?
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May 8, 2011
im trying to build my own tablet computer. my original idea was to build the os from scratch but then i thought it would be easyeir to build a GUI on top of a linux os. the idea would be that it would be linux in esance but would boot into my gui instaed of ubunto or fedora or something. the problem is i cant find any tools that i could do this with. I found sites that say i can create my own distro but they turn out to only do things like preinstall software. i realy want something that basicly lets me remake the GUI. I have limeted knowlodge of linux but i have programed games and software before. any tips or programing environments are welcome.
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Jun 13, 2011
We are planning on rolling out a mail service that will backend a webmail/groupware interface using postfix and dovecot, and we are trying to nail down an architecture for the system. I was hoping I could get some opinions from you good people on the different models we have come up with, and any improvements. To preface this discussion, we use NFS as the backend storage for mail so that clusters of mail servers can be created.
One possible solution is to separate three services, inbound email, outbound email, and message retrieval onto separate servers. We currently run a mail system with 65K users in this manner and it works, but there is a lot of wasted cpu on the inbound and outbound mail servers. where the dovecot servers are doing most of the work.
Another solution would be to combine the dovecot and inbound postfix servers to run dovecot as the local transport agent for postfix with LMTP, giving us quota and sieve capability.
The last solution is to run all three services on the same machine, giving us a single server image that we can clone on demand when we need to add more performance.
The single server, all three services, solution seems to be the simplest to build and manage, but putting all your eggs in one basket like that concerns us. What if there is a sudden influx of mail from our filtering platform, and it slows down all the other processes? What if the NFS server becomes disconnected from the network and the load average on each server skyrockets killing the ability for outbound mail to flow (where a separate outbound mail server would continue running despite this issue)?
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Aug 30, 2010
Is it possible to somehow install Debian on-top of Ubuntu (Lucid Lynx)? I would just install Debian, but I am limited to a wireless connection. And currently a live wire connection is just not an option.
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Mar 29, 2011
I've found tons of tutorials on how to duel boot Ubuntu with Windows already being installed but not the other way around,
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Aug 2, 2011
I have an Intel server, which has it's two SATA HDD's in "Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology 5.4" RAID1 volume. How to proceed with a system image in case two of those SATA HDD's fail at the same time? Should one take the first HDD of RAID1 volume, connect it to another machine and execute:
Code:
# ddrescue /dev/sda1 /media/External/image_of_first_hdd /media/External/log_of_first_hdd
* HDD from the problematic RAID1 volume would be recognised as /dev/sda1 behind new machine
* /media/External/ is a mount point for large external HDD in the new machine
* log_of_first_hdd would be the log file
..and then take the second HDD to another machine and execute:
Code:
# ddrescue /dev/sda1 /media/External/image_of_second_hdd /media/External/log_of_second_hdd
how to make system image using ddrescue in case disks are in "Intel Embedded Server RAID Technology 5.4" RAID1?
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Nov 17, 2010
I have experienced a failure in one disk in my 4 disk software RAID10setup, but a straightforward rebuild is thwarted by the fact that twoof the other disks are considered non-fresh and hence get kicked outof the array. This of course prevents the array from starting up.Here's more detail about my setup:I have 4 2TB SATA disks in RAID10.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
[code]....
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Jan 29, 2010
I'm trying to mount an existing SATA RAID 10 set on a Gigabyte EX58-DS4 (ICH10R "fake" RAID). dmraid is giving me the following:
Code:
root@CyberShadow:/home/vladimir# dmraid -b
/dev/sde: 1465149168 total, "3QK0782F"
[code]....
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May 17, 2010
I am self teaching everything I need to develop a home-based web server (linux/apache/php/mysql/html/css/etc...) It's quite an undertaking, but not beyond my abilities. I thought this question could have gone in either the linux - software or linux - hardware forum, and certainly not in the n00b section, but I figured it's best be put in the linux - server forum, since that's what this is related to.
I have been looking into the software and hardware RAID solutions for linux because I wanted to make sure that the boot drive of the web server I set up is mirrored with transparent disk fail/replace/recovery. I mean, setting up a boot drive for RAID1 sounded perfectly logical to me, and why wouldn't it to anybody else? So, since I knew RAID controllers were expensive, I looked into the native software RAID support in linux. My findings have revealed an issue with software raiding a boot drive in not only linux but windows as well. Apparently, if the primary drive fails (not the mirror), you have no other option but to power down the system to properly replace the failed disk, reboot, play some config crap, resync the drive, do some more config crap, reboot again, and -hopefully- it'll be ok. Well, that procedure is simply out of the question since the idea behind RAID is to transparently proceed as if nothing happened.
I'd like to know if it's even possible to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent and automatic fail/hot-swap/recover WITHOUT rebooting the system and with no intervention on my part other then replacing the drive whether it be a software raid or hardware raid solution. Eventually, what I'd like to do for a drive configuration is have 3 RAID volumes on the server configured like so:
RAID volume 1 = boot drive w/ webserver installed
RAID volume 2 = database files
RAID volume 3 = flatfile storage
Each raid volume will be a RAID1 of a 1TB drive (total = 6 x 1TB drives)
I've seen a lot of people having failure issues with the software RAID in these forums. Is this more common than not? I'm certainly not opposed to buying a hardware RAID solution as long as they're reliable and provide transparent/automatic recovery. So what's the best way to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent/automatic failover?
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Mar 31, 2011
I've 2 servers (xen1 and xen2 - their hostnames) with perversion configuration below: Each server have 4 SATA disks, 1 Tb each.
16 Gb ddr3
debian squeeze x64 installed:
root@xen2:~# uname -a
Linux xen2 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Wed Jan 12 05:46:49 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Storage configuration: Former 256 Mb + 32 Gb of 2 of 4 disks are used as raid1 devices for /boot and swap respectively. The rest of space, 970 Gb on all 4 sata disks are used as raid10. There is LVM2 installed over that raid10. Volume group is named xenlvm (that servers are expected to use as xen 4.0.1 hosts, but the story is not about Xen troubles). / , /var, /home are located on logical volumes of small size (just found out I got mixed up with lv names and partitions, but that's not the problem, I think):
[Code]...
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Feb 13, 2010
I am trying to install 11.2 on a system with RAID-1 /boot partition and RAID-10 /(root) partition. I have done this before with 10.3 but am hitting a wall with 11.2. In particular, the boot image loads and then halts when it tries to load the RAID-10 root partition saying that the personality is not laoded. modprobe shows that the raid10 module does not appear to be part of the boot image. I cannot find anything in the installation that will allow me to specify a module to include in the init image. How do I tell the installer to include an additional module?
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Apr 21, 2010
I installed a raid1 on a debian lenny box with only 1 drive "--raid-devices=1" because I didn't have the other drive yet. When I got the other drive, I used "mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=2" and "mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1" The original drive is sda1. I watched /proc/mdstat until it was completely synced, and after a reboot, the system will not reassamble the raid. It fails with "mdadm: no devices found for /dev/md0" This is where root is, therefore, I get nowhere. From a rescue cd I can disable the other drive and shrink back down to 1 device and it boots fine.
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Jul 25, 2011
how can I stop resyncing permenently & how can I check whether the normal sata HDDs can support RAID before/after buying HDDs. Because on every saturday or sunday resync is starting itself even there is no entry about resncing in crontab. But if I run "cat /proc/mdstat" it is showing RAID1 is perfect. see the below output
#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 hdb1[1] hda1[0]
513984 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[code]....
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Aug 9, 2010
Not sure on what is going on here. The server is RAID1 through hardware RAID. It was running an unusual high load so I rebooted it. Now it won't boot up. I am getting these errors after the CentOS boot screen:sda: Current [descriptor]: sense key: Medium ErrorAdd.Sense: Address mark not found for data field
end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 3040555357
device-mapper: raid1: A read failure occurred on a mirror device.
device-mapper: raid1: All sides of mirror have failed.
[code]....
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Jun 17, 2010
I am trying to install ubuntu 10.04 to my raid 1+0 array. Install just sees four different hd:s
main-0
main-1
storage-0
storage-1
There is not showing any size or anything. I have set two raid arrays: main and storage, both with 4-hard-driver (raid10). Storage array is partitioned to 1TB and 400GB partitions, 400GB partition is where i want to install ubuntu. Main array has windows already. Where to go next?
root@ubuntu:~/src# dmraid -ay
RAID set "isw_beieefiehj_main" already active
RAID set "isw_beieefiehj_storage" already active
RAID set "isw_beieefiehj_main1" already active
RAID set "isw_beieefiehj_storage1" already active
root@ubuntu:~/src# parted_devices .....
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Jan 7, 2011
We have the following server at collocation: [URL]
Provider's technicians were working for 3 hrs but finally were unable to set up hardware RAID1 on it.
What could prevent them from doing it? Is it difficult to set up RAID1? It is mentionned as basic function in specifications.
They said debian not booting after raid configured...
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Mar 6, 2011
I am a college student (compSci) that moves around a lot with a laptop. I back it up often, but I dont want a simple usb hd that can be stolen from my dorm and/or damaged (its already been damaged). I am making a file server with RAID 1 that will sit at my parents house for safer backups. I just need a few pointers, I have never experimented with RAID before.
Software: Fedora 14 - Software RAID 1. I will only have ssh running on a port other than 22, behind a router, with keyed entry only so I can remotely backup my stuff.
Hardware: A new(ish) P4 mobo with two (2TB) hd's (for RAID 1) and one small hd for the OS.
My questions:
1) Should I have the OS installed on a separate drive or on the two RAID drives? I am using software RAID, not hardware, so I assume I need two external drives for the RAID.
2) Should I be using more then two hd's for a RAID 1 array?
3) How can I encrypt the RAID drives? As I said before, I have no experience with RAID.
4) If the OS drive fails, can I just grab a new hd and install Fedora on it to get the data off my RAID array? Or do I need to image the Fedora drive every so often?
5) If one of the RAID drives fail, is there some sort of daemon that can tell me? I will not be at my house physically, so I will not be able to hear scratching platters :P. Also, because the size of a single disk in the array is 2 TB, can I just go out and get any kind of 2 TB drive to replace the failed one?
6) If the MoBo fails, can I just pop in a new one (of any kind) and continue using my same array?
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Dec 21, 2010
I am rebuilding a bunch of servers and want to do it right. They are Dell R200s and R300s with on-board LSI SAS1068E SCSI controllers with 2 SATA drives. The only RAID level supported on these cards is RAID 1. So, to the server, we have 148GB of space to deal with. They currently run 32-bit Ubuntu 8.10; I will be installing x64 Ubuntu 10.04.
I have always seen that it is best practice to partition in such a way that /boot, /var/log, /temp, and /home for example are separated out from /. Usually this is on a RAID5 or higher box. Is there any benefit to doing that sort of thing on a RAID1 box? I realize that this is in some ways a matter of opinion, but I would like the opinion of folks with experience. I'm pretty new to Linux in general.
The main services running on these boxes are Apache2, Tomcat6, MySQL, and Java.
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Jul 22, 2011
I have SLES10-SP3 running on an Intel SR1600URHS board with 3 hot-swap SATA disks configured using mdadm as Raid1 with hot spare. If I pull one of the active disks, all file i/o will stop for about 2.5 minutes after which it will start again and the raid array will be rebuilt using the spare disk. Is there any way I can reduce this 2.5 minutes of inactivity? I've tried setting /sys/block/sdX/device/timeout and /sys/block/sdX/device/retries to 1 for all disks, but this hasn't made any difference. The output from messages is:
12:11:56: ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x2 frozen
12:11:56: ata2.00: cmd ea/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 tag 0 cdb 0x1e data 0
12:11:56: res 40/00:03:00:00:20/00:00:00:00:00/b0 Emask 0x4 (timeout)
[code]....
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May 20, 2010
Compared to my laptop notebook with a HD of 5400rpm, the write performance of raid1 on an ubuntu lucid server is unacceptable. In the begining, I installed ubuntu 9.04 server(alternate) using raid1 with two WD 1TB HDs of 7200rpm(Green Power) and then performed dist upgrade to 9.10 and then to 10.04.
I guess the write performance initially was reasonable since the installation and data migration(copy from another computer over LAN) didn't take too much time. However, after upgrading the server to 9.10 or so, I found large file upload through samba or ftp tends to block and time out. It is of no use whether to change the daemon or the client program so that I tried to test the read/write performance on the server to figure out the situation.
To my surprise, using strace I found even a simple program like cp would easily get blocked eventually in a write() system call for decades of seconds. Hence, I perform another disk writing test using dd for data size ranging from 50MB to 1GB. Performance test commands are listed as follows:
Quote: dd if=/dev/zero of=test.img count=[5|10|15|20|100] bs=10M
if the data to write is equal or fewer than 150MB, the command returns immediately at very hight speed but the raid disks starts to sync and busy so that the terminal prompt seems to freeze. I think this behavior is normal under the raid1 configuration, isn't it?
But when the data size is equal to 200MB, the test command blocks for seconds and the write speed is measured at about 16.6MB/s. Of course, the raid disk still starts to sync and busy afterwards. Next, I test writing with data of size 1GB. The command blocks so long for about 770 seconds(<2MB/s) while the same test runs for only 17.49 seconds(60MB/s) on my laptop.
I also burn a Lucid LiveCD to boot the server and mount the raid device to run the test again but the results remain similar. Does that means even I re-install the system on the raid, the problem never disappears?
PS: the disks run under the mode of UDMA6 without change.
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Mar 15, 2009
Yesterday I installed a new server with a large partition for my XEN images. This partition is a about 930GB. The installation tooks ages and after he finished I was finding out why that is. The SoftRAID1 I configured is rebuilding the large partition.
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Feb 1, 2011
We have had a hardisk crash in our RAID1 webhosting server running CentOS5 and Plesk. We first realized something was wrong when our main site didn't load but showed MySQL errors. We then found out that the system was in read-only state. Something that also happened the day before yesterday, but we could fix with a FSCK. Then the system worked well til around 18 hours later when it crashed with the same sympoms. So, we rebooted the server and wanted to do a filesystem check again. But the HDD wouldnt even load. It was gone. Unfortunatelly it was not realized that the second disk in the system was also not working any more for some time now. Fortunatelly we had our main site backed up externally though. So we could re-install a fresh box and mounted the two drives to the system. We checked the harddisk. One is practically empty (the older one), the other has almost only files in 'lost + found' but these are all "numbered", no real filenames or so.
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Nov 12, 2009
I'm trying to create new RAM image file to get my server load raid1 module upon start, I was following redhat documentation & it suggested to use the following command mkinited --with=raid1 inited-raid1-$(uname -r).img $(uname -r) However after running this command I'm getting this message No Kernel available for 'inited-2.6.18-128.el5"
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May 12, 2010
Code...
how to combine a and b to c
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Apr 10, 2010
I have a little test program consisting of a NASM source file and a C source file.How do I turn them into a single program?
Code:
section .data
msg db 'Hello, World!', 10
[code]....
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Jul 26, 2010
I have an Acer Aspire One ZG5 running Ubuntu NBR 10.04 with an 8 GB SSD and an 8 GB SD card. Is there a way to combine the SD card and SSD so that Ubuntu sees it as one 16 GB drive. I currently have everything installed on the SSD.
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Aug 27, 2010
how would I combine the 3 drives under extended. Im have issues having no drive space. so I removed some old installations and re format them but I dont know how to combine them so that their under one /home
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Dec 28, 2010
I have a very old machine running Linux (Fedora 12) with 2 harddrives and a DVD RW. I also have a newer Dell computer running XP. I would like to take the 2 harddrives and DVD RW from the older machine and put them into the available slots in the Dell computer and configure it for dual booting.
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Jun 8, 2011
My backup script generates 2 lengthy log file. They have the same name, but the date is appended. I want to select the oldest one, condense it with "head" and "tail" and then append the condensed version of the newer one. They seem to get tangled up.Code:
ls `find . -iname "bak-log_*"` -1t | tail -1
and
ls `find . -iname "bak-log_*"` -rt | tail -1
[code]...
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Feb 15, 2010
I have two files which I would like to combine. Each file has 2 columns.
File 1:
1 a
2 b
[code]...
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