Server :: Swap Files Priority Values?
May 14, 2010
As mentioned in "man swapon" priority value is between 0 and 32767. BUT usually if we add swap devices without giving the priority, their priorities are set as -2, -3, -4 and so on; values which does not fall between 0 and 32767.Why is it so ? Any ideas ? However, I know we can change them through "swapon -p". But, if do not wish to do so, it uses -2, -3, -4 only. Like below,
Code:
[root@server ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
[code]....
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Oct 7, 2010
Code:
# ps
22355 pts/3 00:00:00 bash
#
# ps -l 22355
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD
0 S 519 22355 22354 0 75 0 - 1338 wait4 pts/3 0:00 -bash
#
# ps -o pid,priority,command 22355
PID PRI COMMAND
22355 15 -bash
#
Why are the priority values of the process different? What is the difference? Is the value 15 the "nice" priority? Then, what is the value 75? Please, explain the difference of each result.
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Aug 8, 2010
I'm using two swap disks. Changing the order they are in in /etc/fstab and using "pri" in fstab doesn't have any effect. This is what it looks like /etc/fstab
#swap on other disk
UUID=90a1550c-84d6-4bde-8bc1-7c15292980f1 none swap sw,pri=-1 0 0
#swap on same disk
UUID=13b70e65-f1c3-4728-920f-9e92467d1df0 none swap sw,pri=-2 0 0
[Code]...
Its opposite of what it is in fstab, and changes to fstab have no effect.
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Feb 15, 2010
My swap file is 5.8 gb and I have a swappiness of 60. Is there any reason to increase any of these values?
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Dec 9, 2010
I have BT4 as an iso image and start it up by booting from cd, when i try the command root@bt~:startx it comes up with this fatal error. what can i do to get this work? and of course im new at this.
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Oct 23, 2009
Is there is anyway, with tar, zip, gzip, or any file compression type to compress without causing high CPU. In other words, limit how hard the CPU works to compress it? Of course I understand that this would cause the compression to take longer but time isn't too big of a concern.
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Sep 10, 2009
I have an HP GL380 with an MSA20 connected for storage space, we use it as an nas unit. The system is SLES 10. We use both NFS and SMB for file sharing, no special users and so. We are 8-10 users of the machine. We store both large and small files such at thumbnails and disk images.
Now, my problem. I�d like to give more priority for reading files on the server, so a user can look at pictures without problem, and if another user is writing an image file of an disk (10-1000 GB) this writing process should get less priority. The most important is always reading files, to get the job done.
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Nov 20, 2010
It is now almost 3 'o clock in the night here, last 5 hours trying to fix this problem. CentOS always runs perfectly here. I am not a genie with the terminal so wanted to install GNOME on my vps, than vnc but didn't work and did a restart.
Now got this:
Quote:[root@srv1 conf]# apachectl start
Syntax error on line 41 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
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Mar 20, 2011
I have an assignment where I have to use an expr command to read values from File1.txt and File2.txtHeres the assignment:Create two files.File1 has one line with the value of 5.ile2 has one line with the value of 100.Edit your new file using Gedit or VI and change it so it performs the following actions:Read the values from the files above (file1 and file2)Divide the value from file2 by the value in file1.utput the result of this calculation to a new file called file3. My .scr file is week3prog3_george, in file1 I put var1=5, file2 is var1=20.Then, I put in my .scr file this:
#!/bin/bash
expr File2.txt / File1.txt
It returns an error message stating "non-integer argument."And...how do you point the .scr file to read values from two different files, and the book my school has provided does not contain the info I need.
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Nov 21, 2010
Prevent flash from running threads in high priority
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Oct 7, 2010
I have a question regarding the user that chkconfig runs as. My chkconfig script calls some other scripts to start up a tomcat instance. But the secondary scripts use %JAVA_HOME and for some reason the user it's running under doesn't have that defined. I can call the scripts directly as the root or as another user and it works properly. But I added an echo in the script and when chkconfig calls the script it has a much smaller $PATH and no $JAVA_HOME.
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May 4, 2010
I have a Godaddy UCC (Multiple domain) certificate for the following domains:
example.com
upload1-example.com
upload2-example.com
The rsa was generated from example.com server using example.com as CN Common name.
GoDaddy's website adds the extra names to a CSR you provide, does the checks and grants the cert.
My problem is that whilst the certificate works fine on the server example.com (from which the csr was created), it comes up with two errors when restarting apache on remote servers.
1>> Certificate common name does not match server name
2>> SSL Library error - check private key:key missmatch.
I donn't understand how these keys could ever work as no reference to the private keys of the remote servers is ever used in creating the UCC certificate.
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Jul 9, 2010
Would it cause any problems to use a shared swap partition?Example:
sda1 = swap partition 50 meg
sda2 = / of OpenSuse installation 200 meg
sda3 = / of Fedora installation 200 meg
[code]....
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Jul 12, 2010
According to System Monitor, my hard disc has a total size of 107.2 GiB, of which 6.7 GiB is "Free" and 1.3 GiB is available. I'm not sure if this is normal or not, though I know at least part of this wasted space is taken up by at least two failed attempts at creating Swap Files. Ubuntu says I have no Swap space whatsoever, so is there any way I can delete all these failed and unconnected Swap Files so that I could free up some spacend hopefully create one working one
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May 18, 2011
I installed Ubuntu 10.10 on my PC. During the installation process i selected a partion on my hdd for swap , there i had some important files can i rocover it some how
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Oct 20, 2010
So I am creating a LDAP server for my school's Linux lab, so users on our school network can log into the Linux machines.
I found a guide here url...Authentication
But during the install, I get the following error.
update-rc.d: warning: libnss-ldap start runlevel arguments (2 3 4 5) do not match LSB Default-Start values (none)
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Mar 20, 2011
Does one need to Check the Swap filesystem, from time to time
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Dec 7, 2010
Lucid on an Acer Travelmate800.Can anyone tell me why I have 0k for swap space? I allocated swap which I can see in my Disk Utility's 'volumes' display.
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Aug 16, 2010
RAM for older machines like I use is fairly cheap these days. But flash memory is just as cheap or cheaper. So I'd like to ask about the feasibility of expanding my system's memory using flash memory. And about whether creating a partition for swap on the flash memory, or whether a swap file on the flash device, is the better way to go.
By flash memory I have in mind mainly USB sticks or what are sometimes called "pen drives." But I do also have CF and SD cards that, with the proper cheap adapter (one of which I already own for adapting CF) could be used to create extra swap space. So, what is the current consensus on the feasibility/advisability of using flash memory for swap? I've read about the limited write cycles of flash being an argument against using it for swap. But recent reading indicates to me that the limited write cycles problem applies mostly to older, smaller-capacity flash memory. Some will come out and say that, for larger-capacity flash memory, the life of the device is likely to exceed the amount of time your current computer will be useful (I think I've seen estimates in the range of 3-4 years life--minimum--for newer, higher-capacity flash memory).
A more persuasive argument I've heard against using flash memory for swap is that access times for these devices can be much slower than SATA, and maybe even IDE, hard drives. That would certainly dictate against using flash memory for swap.
So, how about some input on this issue? Anyone using flash memory for swap? If so, what kind (e.g., usb stick or SD/CF)? Are you using a swap file or a swap partition? How's system performance? Likewise, has anyone had flash-memory-used-as-swap die on them? The consequences would undoubtedly be dire. Also, has anyone measured flash memory access times to confirm or refute claims about slow access times? Are some types of flash memory better/worse than others in terms of access times?
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Feb 19, 2010
I know it's possible, but does anyone have a URL or tutorial on how to do this?
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May 16, 2010
Have a laptop with Ubuntu 10.4 and a dual boot desktop with Ubuntu 9.10 and 10.4. Using wifi on laptop. Before upgrading to 10.4 the desktop was the server and the laptop the client. Unfortunately when I setup ssh in 10.4 on the desktop I made it the client instead of the server. Reinstalled 10.4 on the desktop but it still remains the client. Booting the desktop into 9.10 the laptop is the client and the desktop is the server. How can I change Ubuntu 10.4 on the desktop to be a server?
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Apr 29, 2011
Before I start a flame war, I'd like to qualify my question with...I have a boatload of ram and a VERY thin install.(CLI openSuse 11.4-64) If I'm running the most baseline, text-only-install...and the whole system install is like 2GB or less, and I have 8GB of ram (which I could easily upgrade to 16). At install time...do I really need a swap partition at all? What purpose could a swap serve if I have that much ram in such a trimmed down environment?
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Jan 30, 2010
swap space consumed is not released when there is enough main memory. pls advise how to release used swap space.
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Mar 20, 2011
How to add swap space?
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Apr 15, 2011
How to parse the bunch of values displayed by the socket program into the php file so that further it can be displayed in HTML page
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Jul 21, 2011
Just noticed from the "top" command that one of my least heavily used box is swapping excessivly by a program called setroubleshootd. Following is the top section of the "top" command sorted by Swap used for both boxes. Also tried checking it out to see if there's a "service setroubleshootd restart" but when I checked the status I got the following.
Code:
[root]# service setroubleshootd status
setroubleshootd: unrecognized service
Lightly loaded box with lots of swapping
Code:
Tasks: 85 total, 2 running, 83 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.0%id, 1.7%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 1026880k total, 983528k used, 43352k free, 59604k buffers
Swap: 2064376k total, 355692k used, 1708684k free, 121996k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ SWAP COMMAND
3319 root 15 0 1202m 665m 5748 S 0.0 66.3 23:29.99 537m setroubleshootd
3845 root 34 19 253m 14m 2188 S 0.0 1.5 0:34.41 238m yum-updatesd
3841 gdm 16 0 216m 5300 4236 S 0.0 0.5 0:00.15 211m gdmgreeter
3822 root 18 0 190m 2208 1568 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 187m gdm-binary
3824 root 15 0 185m 3948 3236 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.11 181m gdm-rh-security
3725 root 16 0 163m 2532 1920 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 161m gdm-binary
3500 root 18 0 130m 2140 1240 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 128m cupsd
Heavily used box with little swapping
Code:
Tasks: 118 total, 4 running, 113 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 4.7%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.3%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 2059580k total, 1928356k used, 131224k free, 162032k buffers
Swap: 4095992k total, 12k used, 4095980k free, 1336632k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ SWAP COMMAND
3842 root 34 19 253m 17m 2196 S 0.0 0.9 0:34.20 235m yum-updatesd
3284 root 15 0 301m 77m 6004 S 0.0 3.9 2:23.30 223m setroubleshootd
3840 gdm 16 0 216m 16m 7064 S 0.0 0.8 0:00.43 199m gdmgreeter
3814 root 18 0 190m 2352 1644 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 187m gdm-binary
3816 root 15 0 185m 4112 3384 S 0.0 0.2 0:02.90 181m gdm-rh-security
3724 root 15 0 163m 2588 1976 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.00 161m gdm-binary
3465 root 18 0 141m 14m 1824 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.06 127m cupsd
12799 daemon 18 0 103m 3708 648 S 0.0 0.2 0:00.00 100m httpd
12396 daemon 15 0 112m 13m 3440 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.99 98m httpd
3556 root 18 0 103m 5260 2208 S 0.0 0.3 0:37.68 98m httpd
11778 daemon 15 0 117m 19m 3144 S 2.3 1.0 0:01.76 98m httpd
12750 daemon 15 0 106m 9096 2860 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.04 97m httpd
12673 daemon 15 0 110m 12m 2876 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.23 97m httpd
12693 daemon 15 0 110m 13m 2876 S 0.0 0.7 0:00.18 97m httpd
12666 daemon 15 0 105m 8132 2888 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.19 97m httpd
12729 daemon 15 0 112m 15m 2968 S 0.0 0.8 0:00.11 97m httpd
12588 daemon 15 0 110m 12m 2984 S 0.0 0.6 0:00.54 97m httpd
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Jul 19, 2011
How to identify which processes (or PIDs) are consuming SWAP? In my RHEL box SWAP is nearly 100 % utilized.
Code:
$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 144967 143212 1754 0 166 135259
-/+ buffers/cache: 7787 137180
Swap: 22367 21733 634
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Mar 20, 2011
I am currently running Debian on a system with 3 scsi hard drives with Raid and have an identical back up server. I want to schedule a daily "mirror" copy of the server operating system and data so that if the primary server drops I can move the network plug to the next server and be back in business. Can someone let me know what would be the best solutions for this? I am new to linux so this may be an obvious question so if it is I applogize but I have been searching through the forums and have not found an adeqate solution.
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Oct 2, 2009
I am running Apache 2.2.3 on a CentOS release 5.3 (Final) with 100 Sites. I've notice that Apache is making my server Swap around 200 MBs.
"http://www.xxx.yyy.zzz/server-status" doesn't show me too much to, so I am looking the behavior of specific httpd process.
ProcessID "18753" is the one for "http://www.xxx.yyy.zzz/server-status" in my browser.
This command show me (In KBs) how much virtual memory is that specific process using:
# /etc/init.d/httpd start
# grep Private_Dirty /proc/18753/smaps | awk '{ print $2 }' | xargs ruby -e 'puts ARGV.inject { |i, j| i.to_i + j.to_i }'
3012
... Running this command a lot of times it gives me the same output, but suddenly...
# grep Private_Dirty /proc/18753/smaps | awk '{ print $2 }' | xargs ruby -e 'puts ARGV.inject { |i, j| i.to_i + j.to_i }'
21708
Something make that process (and all the others httpd process too) to use a lot more memory!
Part of my httpd.conf:
# Timeout 120
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 3
<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 5
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 20
ServerLimit 256
MaxClients 256
MaxRequestsPerChild 100
</IfModule>
<IfModule worker.c>
StartServers 2
MaxClients 150
MinSpareThreads 25
MaxSpareThreads 75
ThreadsPerChild 25
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule> #
My server is running Mysql 5.1.34, vsftpd 2.0.5, BIND 9.3.4-P1 (as slave). I couldn't found anything running in the specific time that httpd processes start to use that much memory.
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Dec 18, 2009
My monitor tools indicate that the percentage of swap used is more than the ideal , so I want to calculate which process is consuming from the swap. I tried the following but it didn't help be 100%
#ps -eo vsz,rss,pid,args | sort -n
How to accurately calculate which process consuming from swap, just the swap no ram + swap!
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