Server :: How To Change Drives In Termnal
Jul 11, 2010
I have a web site all set up, and running great, I have my SSL set up and active. I have 3 drives in this Linux box, 2 are RAID, and 1 is a 1.5tTB drive. On this 1.5TB drive is just one folder. with lots of Sub folders, and Files. I need to do 2 things here.
#1 I need to change ownership of the main Folder on the 1.5TB drive, so I need to know how to access the drive from a Terminal.
#2 I need to know how I set the drive up in a configuration file to access that drive and the one folder. This configuration file just shows where the folder is located.
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Dec 4, 2010
I'm not sure what to make of this. I have setup an Ubuntu 10.10 server with two software raids.md0 is a four disk raid5 - 3TBmd1 is a two disk mirror - 300GBI think I have a drive failing (and am going to replace it regardless, but I have to take an outage), what appears to happen is it comes on-line with one id (/dev/sda) then something happens AFTER the rebuild completes and the drive changes to another id (in this case /dev/sdh) and puts the array in a failed state.Is this some sort of protection mechanism to prevent degradation to the array? When setting this up, presumably before the disk started to fail, Ids seemed to jump from reboot to reboot and caused me all kinds of issues.Also, neither device appears to return info after the change.
Code:
bwoods@MediaServer:~$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
[code]....
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Jun 9, 2011
so I setup a raid ten system and I was wondering what that difference between the active and spare drives is ? if I have 4 active drives then 2 the two stripes are then mirrored right?
root@wolfden:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid10]
md1 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd2[3] sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
[code]....
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Mar 26, 2011
I am building a home server that will host a multitude of files; from mp3s to ebooks to FEA software and files. I don't know if RAID is the right thing for me. This server will have all the files that I have accumulated over the years and if the drive fails than I will be S.O.L. I have seen discussions where someone has RAID 1 setup but they don't have their drives internally (to the case), they bought 2 separate external hard drives with eSata to minimize an electrical failure to the drives. (I guess this is a good idea)I have also read about having one drive then using a second to rsync data every week. I planned on purchasing 2 enterprise hard drives of 500 MB to 1 GB but I don't have any experience with how I should handle my data
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Dec 1, 2009
how i can change the name or id of my drives?
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Jun 11, 2010
How can I change the selected drives to boot from. I want to set my windows drive first so I don't have to select it each time.
I have ubuntu 10.04.
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Jul 22, 2011
I made 2 partitions from one hard drive but my drive is getting too full so I want to change to one again.
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Mar 30, 2011
is their any way to change the mounting location of your hard drives so when you click a certain hard drive in nautilus, it'll go to that location instead of the default one?
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Aug 20, 2010
is it possible to change the boot order of hard drives? I`ve got two 250gb sata hard drives on my pc and i can`t figure how to change the boot order without physically switching the data cables inside the case.I`ve been into the bios and it won`t let me switch the order there.
In one of harddrive I've installed UBUNTU 8.0.4 and other having UBUNTU 10.4. I am assuming I need to change grub/menu.lst file, but I am not sure exact syntex.
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Apr 10, 2011
any way to change file permissions of NTFS drives? All my C programming files resides in a NTFS drive and I need to set execute permision on them in order to run. I tired chmod -Rv 777 /media/Programming. and also tired chmod 775 *.* after entering the folder in which all my files resides. but both these commands doesn't seem to have any effect on the files. I know NTFS doesn't use Unix file system and chmod command goes in vain.
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Dec 19, 2009
I'm using openSUSE 11.2, with some eSATA hard drives. For some reason, they're set to read-only, and I can't change it. I set parameters in fstab as fmask=113,dmask=002,umask=0002,rw Oddly, I was able to delete a file in there, but my samba users have read-only access, and I can't use chown or chmod: I get no error message, but nothing happens.
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Sep 24, 2010
Basically I have changed the default mount names for my windows partitions in Ubuntu. They were /media/data, /media/data_,/media/system reserved, etc
They are now /media/C,D,E,F
I have rebooted etc after the changes and when I look in Gnome places or in Nautilis the OLD names still show up.
HOWEVER when I run Nautilis as the root user all the CORRECT NEW names appear.
ALSO - if I create a BRAND NEW user account and login as that all the OLD names show up?
So this is something to do with ROOT access or whatever that is not allowing the names to be updated somehow?!?!?
As I use these disks in windows (obviously) I DONT want to change their labels. and basically this SHOULDN'T be the solution everyone is suggesting!
Root can generate the new names automatically based on the mount point in FSTAB why can't other users - and HOW to do do it MANUALLY?
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Jan 25, 2011
I've got 4 identical 1 TB drives and would like to use them in a software RAID configuration on my home server. I'm running Debian Linux using 'mdadm' utility to manage the software RAID. I don't know how much I've read is fact or dated or even false so I decided I would ask here to get help from people who know more about this than I do. This is essentially just a file server machine to store all my data so being that I've got four identical SATA hard drives, I was thinking about doing RAID level 5. I guess I'll start here and ask if that is the recommended level of RAID. I think RAID level 5 will be fine for my general server usage. My second issue is partitioning the four individual drives to get maximum performance / space from them. Basically just asking here how would you or you recommend I partition the drives? I was thinking about doing three seperate partitions per drive:
/dev/sda1 = 4 GB (swap)/dev/sda2 = 1 GB (/boot)/dev/sda3 = 995 GB (/)Now from that partition schema above, obviously all the types will be 'fd' for RAID and the partition for /boot is going to be bootable. My confusion is that I read Grub doesn't support booting from RAID 5 since Grub can't handle disk assembly. If /dev/sdx2 (sda2, sdb2, sdc2, sdd2) are partitioned for /boot (bootable), how would you guys configure this RAID to match up equally? I don't think I do a RAID level 1 on 4 identical partitions, right?
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May 9, 2010
upgraded from karmic through update managerANDnone of of my external drives cd drive or flash drives are picked upad to go back to karmic and will remain there for a whil
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Jan 18, 2010
I'm breaking into the OS drive side with RAID-1 now. I have my server set up with a pair of 80 GB drives, mirrored (RAID-1) and have been testing the fail-over and rebuild process. Works great physically failing out either drive. Great! My next quest is setting up a backup procedure for the OS drives, and I want to know how others are doing this.
Here's what I was thinking, and I'd love some feedback: Fail one of the disks out of the RAID-1, then image it to a file, saved on an external disk, using the dd command (if memory serves, it would be something like "sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=backupfilename.img") Then, re-add the failed disk back into the array. In the event I needed to roll back to one of those snapshots, I would just use the "dd" command to dump the image back on to an appropriate hard disk, boot to it, and rebuild the RAID-1 from that.
Does that sound like a good practice, or is there a better way? A couple notes: I do not have the luxury of a stack of extra disks, so I cannot just do the standard mirror breaks and keep the disks on-hand, and using something like a tape drive is also not an option.
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Jun 21, 2010
I recently had issues with the latest version of the Linux Kernels and I got that fixed but ever since that has happened none of my Drives will mount and they aren't even recognized.
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Jul 15, 2010
So I'm running proftpd on an old machine just for my own backup purposes, but I'm running out of space. I was wondering if it would be safe/efficent to set up an additional USB hard drive to the LVM drive that I have now? As in, would it write quick enough (USB 2.0), read quick enough and not corrupt data?
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May 2, 2010
Going to be setting up a local home server ("headless") for the following:* General file sharing for home network -- a portion of this will be for movies which are accessed via Popcorn-Hour and a second PC hooked to another TV* MySQL storage for home network (bills, misc info, bookmarks, code snippets, etc.)* PHP Server for php scripts i write* SVN* misc Databases for PHP dBase testing (SQLite and Postgre) * Virtualbox* backing up stuffI have a bunch of hard-drives of different sizes, buffer size and access speeds.
Hardware* m/b supermicro X7SBL-LN2* Intel Xeon X3360 Yorkfield 2.83GHz 12MB L2 Cache LGA 775 95W Quad-Core Processor* (2) (8GB in total) Crucial 4GB (2 x 2GB) 240-Pin DDR2 SDRAM ECC Unbuffered DDR2 667 (PC2 5300) Dual Channel Kit Server Memory Model CT2KIT25672AA667
* (known hdd) Western Digital Caviar Green WD10EADS 1TB 32MB Cache SATA 3.0Gb/s3.5"Internal Hard Drive -Bare Drive
What would be the best way to set this up ?OS installed on fast hdd ?Virtualbox on fast hdd ?Movie storage on fast hdd's (mirror raided) ?As for raid, i plan on taking two (1TB) hdd's and mirror them for the movies and two more (smaller) mirrored for backup storage.Im pretty sure i would want the Movies stored on there own hard-drive (faster hdd with more buffer) so not to cause and "lag" incase the server is being used/access at the same time for another use (MySQL access or what ever).Currently the server machine is set-up using VMware which is where the current Ubuntu-server is installed to/on, but now i would like to have Ubuntu as the base and use Virtualbox as means to virtual hosting instead of VMware.
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Jan 24, 2011
Someone in my dept rather stupidly changed an IP of a webserver, and ever since we changed it back we cannot mount 3 NFS drives.
The Error
Code:
HTTP1:/etc# /etc/init.d/networking restart
Reconfiguring network interfaces...if-up.d/mountnfs[eth0]: lock /var/run/network/mountnfs exist, not mounting
if-up.d/mountnfs[eth1]: lock /var/run/network/mountnfs exist, not mounting
done.
I have removed that lock file and tried a
Code:
mount -a
but it just hangs?
The FSTAB hasn't changed at all, and the other web servers can mount to the NFS share fine. I have tried alot, removing the lock file and rebooting etc but no luck. Debian Lenny.
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Mar 17, 2010
I have a problem that i have tried to solve for a couple of days.server with some internal disks. Those disks are for the core-system and some file server related stuff.Beside the server i got two external LaCie boxes that contains 4x1tb disks each. The disks inside the boxes are RAID5, so the system sees every box as one whole "disk".Now to the problem. I just can�t get those "two" RAID cofigurations two be auto mounted at boot. I have tried to put them in /etc/fstab with a whole bunch of different options but nothing works. The system sees them but don't auto mount them, and i can manually mount them without any problem at all. I have tried to "google" the problem but can't find any similar
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Mar 30, 2011
I tore down my old ftp server running FreeNAS because it had some issues. I decided to add a couple more drives and install CentOS on it instead. So now I have 4x 2TB drives that I set up yesterday.OS is installed on a usb flash drive exclusively while I chose to set up the 2TB drives in two stripes and then mirrored, for RAID0+1 instead of RAID1+0.
/dev/md0 = drive 1+2 in RAID0
/dev/md1 = drive 3+4 in RAID0
/dev/md2 = md0+md1 in RAID1
Well, the sync time for these two mirrors of blank drives is almost done, having taken some 15+ hours.I chose this setup to have a single 3.6TB file system mirrored to another 3.6TB for "backup". As this is only going to be a headless ftp server, I don't need massive redundancy/backup. A mirror should suffice if I need to pull some files.So now I'm second guessing myself. I'm wondering if it is even worth it to stripe 2 drives into a single volume with such large sync times. Since data xfer will be over internet, I don't require the massive file writing capacity that would be preferable if it were in my home as a NAS. So, the "performance" increase of RAID0 is not strictly mandatory.
I'm wondering if I should just wipe the drives and set them up in JBOD or LVM instead of RAID0 arrays.In case of boot drive failure, I'd be booting a livecd to xfer files elsewhere or recover the boot drive. So, what difference would I see if I were livebooting to md0, md1, md2 for data viewing as opposed to livebooting to an LVM or JBOD array?As an aside, the drives are WD20EARS, which are 4k sectors which I aligned to start at sector 2048 in fdisk.
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Oct 18, 2010
I suspect this is not new but I just can't find where it was treated. Maybe someone can give me a good lead.I just want to prevent certain users from accessing CD/DVD drives and all external drives. They should be able to mount their home directories and move around within the OS but they shouldn't be able to move data away from the PC. Any Clues?
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Jan 28, 2010
i have recently setup and installed Ubuntu 9.04 on a virtulal drive usingVMWare 6.04, installed the desktop gui as well, I need to add other drives for data and loggng, which I did in the VMWare side. I can see the 2 drives in ubuntu, but can not access them, I get he unable to mount location when I try. How can resolve this please as I need these to virtual drives to be used as data drives.
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May 1, 2011
I've used it once before but got fed up with the boot asking me everytime I turned my laptop on because I wasn't using it enough. I have Windows 7 on drive C . I want to keep it on drive C. I have several 1.5TB+ drives, and one of them is not being used. I want to dedicate it to Ubuntu, and be able to do a dual boot with my Windows 7 install. Is this possible? If it is, what about when this drive is not connected to my laptop? Will that mess up the boot process?
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Jan 8, 2010
So, at the moment I have a 7TB LVM with 1 group and one logical volume. In all honesty I don't back up this information. It is filled with data that I can "afford" to lose, but... would rather not. How do LVMs fail? If I lose a 1.5TB drive that is part of the LVM does that mean at most I could lose 1.5TB of data? Or can files span more than one drive? if so, would it just be one file what would span two drives? or could there be many files that span multiple drives drives? Essentially. I'm just curious, in a general, in a high level sense about LVM safety. What are the risks that are involved?
Edit: what happens if I boot up the computer with a drive missing from the lvm? Is there a first primary drive?
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Sep 11, 2010
I have an IBM xSeries server with a 120gb IDE hd. I would like to use it for mail and web server at work. Obviously, I need a bigger HD. The only thing is I can't find a big (1TB) IDE HD all I can find are SATAs and this server's motherboard does not support SATA drives.
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Aug 12, 2009
I have what will soon become a file server here running Mandriva 2009.1 and I need to set it up for use. There are 6 physical drives, sda-sdf. According to my fstab (pasted below), the OS is installed on sdb.. and for some reason I have a swap partition on sda and sdb. I had a horrible time getting a working installation, and that's probably leftover from a previous attempt.
Question 1: Can I simply edit my fstab to remove the swap on sda, effectively confining all system resources to sdb? The end result I want is all storage space over all drives accessible from a single mount point which can be accessed over the network.
Question 2: Once I sort out the weird fstab, what's the best way to go about setting this up? I imagine I need to format & partition the other drives (all but sdb).. but as far as organizing the free space, what's the best way? Is it possible to have multiple physical drives accessible from a single mount point? Or will the users have to use each drive separately? I was thinking I could create a directory on sdb (in /home?) to use as a root for the network share, and then automount the other 5 physical drives there. Does that make sense?
Code:
/etc/fstab:
# Entry for /dev/sdb1 : UUID=7461ae34-aaa1-443d-82e1-fc9000afcc42 / ext3 relatime 1 1
# Entry for /dev/sdb6 : UUID=41535e04-0368-4682-ab9c-5f791bfea803 /home ext3 relatime 1 2
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom auto umask=0,users,iocharset=utf8,noauto,ro,exec 0 0
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
# Entry for /dev/sda5 : UUID=9edbc49b-302c-43c8-8264-ed49a7f1fff2 swap swap defaults 0 0
# Entry for /dev/sdb5 : UUID=b7039857-dfae-4a92-8ff4-9d1cdcf25351 swap swap defaults 0 0
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Mar 31, 2010
After much struggling with the server (the one referenced in "shifty, shifty drive letters"), I realized that the problem has nothing to do with drive letters at all. The problem is GRUB2, or some way in which it is misconfigured.
To recap:
Ubuntu Server 9.10
/dev/sda solid-state Sandisk (swap)
/dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdb3 2 HW RAID0 SCSI (boot, /, tmp)
/dev/sdc - /dev/sdz 24 one-TB SATA drives
I kept getting "device not found" from GRUB2 when trying to boot. The SATA drives are disconnectable from the front of the chassis. So I disconnected each and every one of them and powered the machine up. To my shock, the machine booted into Linux and it was up and running! It seems that when the 24 SATA drives are plugged in, then GRUB2 can NOT see /dev/sdb. Instead, it sees /dev/sda and fifteen of the one-TB drives (and one floppy drive, whatever that is).
I tried deleting /dev/sdc through /dev/sdz from /boot/grub/device.map, but that didn't work. I also tried plugging in only HALF of of the SATA drives. When the system tried to boot in this state, then GRUB2 just hung. I noticed that the blue LEDs on the front of the (plugged-in) SATA drives blinked on and off in sequence, as if GRUB2 was scanning them. I watched this for about 3 minutes before I got impatient.Is there a maximum number of drives in GRUB2? Does GRUB2 hate SCSI if it detects a whiff of SATA? What's going on?
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Jul 27, 2010
I'm relatively new to linux in this capacity. I've had to reboot a SAN host (iSCSI initiator). I took a grab of the df -h output before reboot to ensure I was all mounted again afterwards.
Code:
Jupiter:~ # df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 30G 18G 11G 64% /
udev 1007M 128K 1007M 1% /dev
/dev/sda3 30G 11G 18G 39% /var
/dev/sdb1 2.0T 1.2T 756G 61% /mnt/kvsan2/distribution
/mnt/kvsan2/distribution/wwwroot/kvAutoUpdate/publish 2.0T 1.2T 756G 61% /home/ftpupload.kv_users/config/ftp
/mnt/kvsan2/distribution/artwork 2.0T 1.2T 756G 61% /home/artwork
192.168.10.45:/mnt/KVSAN5_TH/mp3 2.0T 365G 1.7T 19% /home/ftpupload.kv_users/config/ftp/clips/mp3
192.168.10.45:/mnt/KVSAN5_TH/mpeg 2.0T 1.2T 878G 57% /home/ftpupload.kv_users/config/ftp/clips/mpeg
/mnt/kvsan2/distribution/wwwroot/kvAutoUpdate/publish/musiccon 2.0T 1.2T 756G 61% /home/artwork/Musiccon/autoupdate
/dev/sdc1 50G 23G 25G 49% /home/artwork/Musiccon/musicnew
However upon reboot I am faced with
Code:
Jupiter:~ # df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 30G 18G 11G 64% /
udev 1007M 128K 1007M 1% /dev
/dev/sda3 30G 11G 18G 39% /var
/dev/sdb1 2.0T 1.2T 756G 61% /mnt/kvsan2/distribution
Jupiter:~ #
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Apr 2, 2010
I installed debian 5.0.4 server on a PC that has both IDE and SATA controllers. I used an IDE HD to install the OS. The input device was a USB DVD unit. The IDE drive showed as /dev/hda and the 4 SATA HDs showed as /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda4. After the OS was installed the reboot started which brought up an error: GRUB GRUB Read Error
I then disconnected the SATA HDs and rebooted successfully. So no PROBLEMS with just the IDE drive connected, grub works fine. If I reconnect the SATA HDs though grub fails with:
GRUB GRUB Read Error
The problem originated when the installation got to the GRUB implementation. Here the installer engine asked me If I wanted GRUB to be installed on the MBR, to which I said YES. The installer had listed the IDE drive (/dev/hda) before the SATA drives (/dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd). After the installation finished and the machine was restarted, BIOS looked at the SATA drives first could not find the grub stages and it displayed an "Read Error".
After realising what was happening I looked at the BIOS settings to see if the HD booting sequence could be altered. The BIOS did indeed list the 4 SATA drives first and the IDE HD last. BUT it would not let me alter the booting sequence. So I was stuck with what the BIOS doing. So I decided I take the IDE drive out and create a 20G partition on the first SATA to accommodate the OS. So now everything works OK.
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