I made a mistake and during the setup created a seperate swap partition and noticed that using this on a usbstick hindered performance. So I want to simply add the swap to the same partition as root and the others. I used this ubuntu help file. Will this suffice:
[URL]
Does one need to Check the Swap filesystem, from time to time
View 4 Replies View RelatedI've been using Evolution for several years no without problem. Yesterday I started getting the message"Error while openinghome/name/.evolution/mail/local#inbox".The mail is all there in local/inbox.sbd, but I can't find any way to tell the program this. I've got it all backed up on Dropbox, but can't find any trace of a #inbox. At least nothing with that name that's been recently deleted.Is there some way of recreating or recovering the file I need?
View 4 Replies View RelatedI have a file that stores employee login IDs, names, types, and permissions. Our software reads the information based on byte-columns, so it reads a column as any ASCII character (spaces, letters, numbers, punctuation, etc.). I want to create a web-interface for adding and removing users, and storing the data in a MySQL database. However, if I am creating the files from the MySQL output, I need a way to write to specific column locations in the file ...
User ID: Columns 1-4
User Name: Columns 6-30
Type: 32-40
Permissions: 42-45
I want to use a scripting language, preferably C-Shell, to call MySQL for the data and write the data to the correct columns of the file. I wrote a script that takes the data from the file, and dumps it into the MySQL table, so maybe I can pad the remaining space in the table column to fill with spaces ...
RAM for older machines like I use is fairly cheap these days. But flash memory is just as cheap or cheaper. So I'd like to ask about the feasibility of expanding my system's memory using flash memory. And about whether creating a partition for swap on the flash memory, or whether a swap file on the flash device, is the better way to go.
By flash memory I have in mind mainly USB sticks or what are sometimes called "pen drives." But I do also have CF and SD cards that, with the proper cheap adapter (one of which I already own for adapting CF) could be used to create extra swap space. So, what is the current consensus on the feasibility/advisability of using flash memory for swap? I've read about the limited write cycles of flash being an argument against using it for swap. But recent reading indicates to me that the limited write cycles problem applies mostly to older, smaller-capacity flash memory. Some will come out and say that, for larger-capacity flash memory, the life of the device is likely to exceed the amount of time your current computer will be useful (I think I've seen estimates in the range of 3-4 years life--minimum--for newer, higher-capacity flash memory).
A more persuasive argument I've heard against using flash memory for swap is that access times for these devices can be much slower than SATA, and maybe even IDE, hard drives. That would certainly dictate against using flash memory for swap.
So, how about some input on this issue? Anyone using flash memory for swap? If so, what kind (e.g., usb stick or SD/CF)? Are you using a swap file or a swap partition? How's system performance? Likewise, has anyone had flash-memory-used-as-swap die on them? The consequences would undoubtedly be dire. Also, has anyone measured flash memory access times to confirm or refute claims about slow access times? Are some types of flash memory better/worse than others in terms of access times?
I just got a new laptop and installed 11.1, and I want to move my swap file to a 8GB SD card I have. It seems to run very fast, so it will improve swapping speed. I created a swapfile with Partitioner, and I can delete the existing swapfile with GParted during a reboot - but I'm afraid I will make my system unbootable by doing that - don't I need to first tell OpenSuSE what swapfile (on the new sdb) to use? I'm pretty sure it will detect the new swapfile automatically during boot, but it might choke on a missing (old) swapfile.
View 6 Replies View RelatedWubi doesn't let me set the swap file size, so on installation it only creates a swap file of a few hundred megabytes. Because of this, i cannot hibernate my netbook (eeePC 1005HA), which has 2 GB of RAM.
Creating a 2 GB swap file alongside of the original one using the tutorial here did work, but hibernate doesn't seem to work with it. For this reason i thought increasing the original swap's size instead of creating more would be a way to solve my problem.
after some hard times, I finally managed to have my Orange Huawei E1752 HSPA modem running (a USB modem enabling you to surf the net) the only thing is that I have 2 "problems" with this: I cannot find a clean way to eject the stick when I am done using it. when I want to run it, I plug it, it asks me for the PIN code, which I give, then I do the following manipulations: I first run:
usb_modeswitch
it "creates" 2 files /dev/ttyUSB0 and /dev/ttyUSB1, what I check with:
ls -l /dev/ttyUSB*
then I use the usbserial module to handle the stick: modprobe usbserial vendor=0x12d1 product=0x141b then I check that the stick is working with: dmesg|grep GSM that outputs something like: USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port) option 1-5:1.0: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected usb 1-5: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0 option 1-5:1.1: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
usb 1-5: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1 option: v0.7.2:USB Driver for GSM modems
finally I choose the "Orange Default" in the list of available connections in the network manager icon on the panel and I am finally connected The thing is, that when I am done, I just go to the same list and then click "disconnect" I go on "Computer" and left click on the SD 4Gb storage (the SD card also in the stick) safely remote drive or something like this. Then I thought that unmounting the device would work,
[Code]...
As a newbie (and especially regarding the use of those modems) I am running out of ideas to "eject" it cleanly, I also checked in the /dev/ file to see that the ttyUSB0 and ttyUSB1 files are present
I'm currently configuring my nslu2 to reboot correctly, having the Debian Lenny Operating System split over two usbsticks - this is quite difficult, i think.
You see, sometimes it boot, sometimes not. Therefore, I've decided to try UUID naming instead of the default sdX naming system. Maybe udev naming too ... dunno.
Here some person says it is important to do one usb stick at a time. How important is this(?) when I have the OS split over two usb-sticks, not just one?
I have not really used udev for other than renaming ethernet and wlan devices; so some tips on using it for renaming usb-devices would be nice. Is renaming on the grounds of UUIDs the most sensible way, you think?
I have set up the cabling to the nslu2 like this:
[Code].....
Edit: [SOLVED], just go on with naming by UUID if you boot from several memorysticks. Maybe it is preferable to rebuild the initramfs for each edit to the fstab file ...
I had a raid array working great in 9.04 with mdadm, and I just recently upgraded to 10.04 (clean install) and I'm trying to reassemble the array and having a dickens of a time.When I try to recreate the array with:
Code:
sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
I get this:
[code]....
I've deleted /etc/apache2 and did run:
Code:
sudo apt-get -o DPkg::Options::="--force-confmiss" --reinstall install apache2.2-common
to get the default config back.
But starting the server via:
Code:
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2
results in:
Code:
Syntax error on line 161 of /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:
Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration
line 160-163 look like this:
Code:
<Files ~ "^.ht">
Order Allow,Deny # line in question
Deny from all
</Files>
The funny thing is that the exact same definition is in a debian lenny server config on another server. So why did this install a not working config?
I just removed apache2 via:
Code:
sudo aptitude remove apache2
sudo rm -r /etc/apache2
and reinstalled it via:
Code:
sudo aptitude install apache2
which also did not fix the config bug?
For testing I installed apache2 on another ubuntu 9.10 and did just copy the folder /etc/apache2 to my local installation - this fixed the problem. Still, why cant I reinstall apache2 with a working config?
I was creating dual-boot WinXP on my machine with F10 allready installed.
On my 1st try, windows froze when inspecting hardware, so I deleted boot partition with fdisk and then it works.
I installed succesfully XP on last partition on my drive, but XP won't boot because of hal.dll error (forums says it can be repaired by changing boot.ini).
Now what I want is to create new boot partition to reinstall grub.
I'm trying to do that from gparted live cd:
From gparted live, i entered console and did "fdisk /dev/sda".
When i type 'p', here is my output:
Code:
when I try to type 'n' to create a new partition, it tells me "No free sectors available".
Before /boot was on /dev/sda1 (Start@1, End@13), and NTFS was on /dev/sda13.
How can I recreate boot partition?
I am using ubuntu 9.04 on my laptop from past 8 months. These days when I boot my laptop, The booting process takes more time on the following step:
Activating swap file
I'm having problems using a swap file to increase swap space in Linux. I followed the instructions for creating a swap file, as shown here:
[URL]
It works, and I increased my swap space. But when I reboot, I'm back to the original amount of swap space I had before. The swap file I created is still there, but it's not being used as swap space. I tried remounting the swap file but it doesn't work.
Also, it seems there isn't an fstab entry created for the swap file. Strange, huh? I don't think it made a difference but I manually copied the UUID for the swap file and made an entry in fstab.
I may be wrong, but from what I can tell the UUID of the swap file keeps changing every time I reboot.
So basically every time I reboot I have to repeat the instructions shown above to get more swap space.
I have read somewhere, that Ubuntu can not suspend itself into a swap file, is that true?
View 6 Replies View RelatedI want to move my swap file onto a new extended hard drive.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 1243 9984366 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1244 1305 498015 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1244 1305 497983+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
I want to put a 2Gb swap file on sda2.
> dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/mnt/2Gb.swap bs=1M count=2048
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000388458 s, 2.6 MB/s
Why is this only copying 1.0kB? Do I need to format the extended drive first? I have tried specifying the block size and count a number of different ways with the same results.
Currently running 10.04 and Cacti latest version and although my RAM is only just over 3/4 used my swap file is growing. If I leave the box running for about a week the swap fills and the system grinds to a halt.Is there some way of seeing what's in the swap so I can debug the problem and get my system more stable again?
View 5 Replies View Relateda possibly preposterous question. I am aware that you can designate a swap file or swap partition on your hard drive that linux uses as "memory". Suggested sizes for the swap file that I've seen range up to about 1024MB. Is there a limit to the swap file size that you can set?Basically I am running a perl script that processes a massive B) file (DNA sequence data), etc, and requires around 48 GB of memory to run, maybe a bit less. So, would it be possible to set a swap file to a massive, ridiculous size (~60GB oratever) and successfully run such a script on a desktop?Yes, I am aware that it would massively ow down the process. The thing is, if the perl script normally completes in about half an hour, and I can get it working on a desktop, I don't mind if it takes days or weeks to complete. I really don't. That's because it takes days or weeks to get access to a computer with the required grunt to do it.So, is this a stupid idea? Is it even possible? If so, given a perl script that normally completes in a half hour on a 48G system, if you do this, would it take days? weeks? decades
View 7 Replies View RelatedI currently have Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 installed and have a great setup. However, I'm trying to install another OS on the hard drive and need to remove a partition. I've read online that I can remove the Swap partition and use a "Swap file". My question is this: Is it possible to replace the Swap partition with a "swap file" without having to re-install linux?
Dual-booting: Mac OS X 10.6.3 / Ubuntu Desktop 10.10
Macbook Pro 6,1
2.8 GHz Intel Core i7, 4 GB RAM
Lucid on an Acer Travelmate800.Can anyone tell me why I have 0k for swap space? I allocated swap which I can see in my Disk Utility's 'volumes' display.
View 5 Replies View RelatedI am sitting in front of an Ubuntu which was installed previously by someone else. How can I find out if a swap partition was defined?Is it always a swap partition or only a (ONE) swap file (like in Windows XP) ?If there is currently no swap partition: How can I create one and tell Ubuntu to use it?How can I conversely tell Ubuntu NOT to use a separate swap partition but to use
View 2 Replies View RelatedMy swap file is 5.8 gb and I have a swappiness of 60. Is there any reason to increase any of these values?
View 9 Replies View RelatedAlright, I just wanted to see if this would even work, so I installed Ubuntu Lucid Linx 10.04 on a 2001 Sony Vaio with 1.7 Ghz. Intel P4 processor and, yes you're reading this correctly, only 256 MB of PC2100 Ram. I dumped in my own PCI wlan card and 64 MB Radeon 9000 Pro AGP card, then I did the installation.
Although I already ordered 2 mem chips (512 MB each) for this system which will max it out, I also created a 5 GB swap partition since I figured that this would greatly enhance the installation and consequent usage thereafter. Now mind you, the installation of 32bit Lucid worked like a charm. Slower than normal, but like a charm. Wifi is working and even the 3D desktop settings are working in advanced mode. BUT the system is just way too slow to react to the mouse and keyboard. I'm certain that the lack of memory has a lot to do with that although I was secretly hoping that the huge swap file would help to make a big perfomance difference. So here now my questions:
1. The swap file doesn't really appear to have made any difference at all. How come?
2. If I wanted to "downgrade" to Xubuntu, how would I accomplish this?
3. Would it be a better idea to just start over with an installation of Crunchbang instead?
I'm trying to get this system working for a relative who's never had a computer before. Whatever I end up with on this machine has to be as simple as possible to use while maintaining some semblence of decent perfomance. I'm sure before too long they'll want to enhance their desktop looks/theme as well so consideration needs to be given to that too. Your suggestions and comments would be appreciated. Again, Ubuntu Lucid runs just fine, although really really slow. Internet is no problem.
I got squid3 installed on ubuntu server 10.4. I believe it is up and running as I can browse the internet on my other computers.I followed one of the tutorials on the net and looked at others for guide as well. Everyone of them did not mentioned that we have to create the swap files. Are we suppose too? I couldn't find the location of the swap file anywhere on the server.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI am concerned about the LiveCD touching my HDD at all. Is this a factor, such as using HDD space for a swap file? I thought the whole thing ran off my RAM. Anyway here's my specs:
MacBook Pro 500GB:
HFS+ Partition w/Snow Leaopard ~400GB
NTFS Parition with WIndows 7 ~100GB
EFI Partition ~200MB
1) Does this mean I have a "swap file" on there I don't know about? I assume both WIndows and OSX use virtual memory to manage RAM when running in their respective operating systems but does that mean Ubuntu LiveCD will use one of my winows or OSX partition's "swap file"?
2) Or is there an invisiable partition created for LiveCD to use on some unallocated space on my HDD (I don't think there's any but idunno)?
3) How can I be sure the LiveCD is not writing ANY data to the HDD? I don't believe I have ever explicitly created a swap file in either OSX or windows.
I have a file in the following format
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line1
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line2
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line3
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line4
item1 item2 attrbute1, attribute2, line5
Question: what command can I use swap item1 and item2 around and keep the attributes in place.
A space seperates the first and second column. The file has many hundreds of lines in which these need to be swapped
Output needs to be as follows:
item2 item1 attrbute1, attribute2, line1
item2 item1 attrbute1, attribute2, line2
item2 item1 attrbute1, attribute2, line3
I have a csv file of my students' names, but they're listed in the Asian order (last name, first name) and I need to list them in English order (first name, last name).
I know I can use something like awk, but that's usually substituting one thing for another. How can I get it to modify the names in a column in a csv file and swap the order? code...
I would want to switch "Tanaka Hiroto" to read "Hiroto Tanaka". There's about 500-600 names in the list, so doing this using CLI would save a lot of time.
I have a Dell m101z laptop in dual boot configuration running Ubuntu 10.10 + W7. The hibernate and suspend option worked like a charm until I proceeded with some updates a few days ago from the update manager. After that the hibernate button mysteriously disappeared! Then I tried to install uswsusp (s2ram and s2disk) and to my surprise it reports that my swap file is invalid and fails to install! my fdisk -l
[Code]...
Should the swap file be as large as possible or as small as possible providing a person has 8GB of installed ram.
View 14 Replies View RelatedI use the follow command to create a encrypted swap:
Code:
bash# echo "cryptswap /dev/sda5 none swap" >> /etc/crypttab
and edit the 'fstab' file :
Code:
/dev/sda6 / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/mapper/cryptswap swap swap defaults 0 0
That's work fine, but I found the permission of '/dev/mapper/cryptswap' is like this:
Code:
hello@world:~$ ls -l /dev/mapper/cryptswap
brw-rw-r-- 1 root disk 253, 4 2010-05-28 12:55 /dev/mapper/cryptswap
Other users can read the file '/dev/mapper/cryptswap', does it harm the system's security ?