I would like to mirror some of my partitions (i.e. /home) with a software RAID. My primary harddisk is a Western Digital WD20EARS with Advanced Factor (4kB Sectors). The secondary disk is a Samsung HD103UJ with old sector-style (512B). Is it possible to set up a RAID 1 containing a partition with advanced factor an a partition with old sector-style or do both partitions have do be in the same sctor-style?
View 1 RepliesI had a couple of IDE hard disks that had previously been set up as a RAID1 array.I wanted to re-format and use them as separate independent hard disks but Ubuntu reported that they were part of a RAID array.This is how I removed that RAID metadata from the drives.With both drives connected I booted up Ubuntu 10.10 Live CD.
I checked the device names via System, Administration, Disk Utility - they were listed as /dev/sda and /dev/sdbI also noted that there was an extra device with name of /dev/md-0 which was the RAID array.Then I rebooted the PC, and checked the device names via System, Administration, Disk Utility - no more /dev/md-0 and the two drives no longer showed as part of a RAID array.
I'm looking to stock my SuperMicro P8SCi with two 1-2 TB SATA hard discs, for running backups and web hosting. There are reviews of certain disks stating that the low-power disks will get kicked out of the Raid due to their slow response time, and it also appears that there have been quality problems with these newer disks, as if the race to size has lowered their reliability.
Can someone recommend a good brand and specific disks that you've had experience with? I'd rather not need to replace these after putting them in, but I also don't want to pay significantly more for an illusion of quality.
I have two internal harddisk. Harddisk 1 has ubuntu, fedora installed and harddisk 2 has ubuntu installed. I normally connect either one, and use it. How can i always keep connect both harddisks, and at the start, select from which harddisk to boot? Or it's not possible?
View 7 Replies View RelatedI have built a couple RAID's, but I'm uncertain of how I should format the partitions of the raid. Should I format partitions on each disk, and then add them to a raid, or should I create a raid on unformated disks and then format the raid as a partition? Does it matter, and are there performance/reliability issues? I'm creating a RAID-5 using 3 SATA disks on RHEL for user data area.
View 5 Replies View RelatedI wanted to merge my 1TB disks into and RAID 5 array, 4 of them in RAID 5 is above 2Terabytes limit of msdos partition tables which grub2 can boot from, so I decided to start up the system from scratch, by building it on GPT partitions, but seems grub2 won't boot from GPT partition because it drops to grub rescue and I can't really do anything from there.
here's my set up:
/dev/md0 (raid 1) - 100MB total:
- dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1, /dev/sdd1
/dev/md1 (raid 5) - 45GB total:
- dev/sda2, /dev/sdb2, /dev/sdc2, /dev/sdd2
/dev/md2 (raid 5) - something bit lower than 3TB:
- dev/sda3, /dev/sdb3, /dev/sdc3, /dev/sdd3
any tips how to have this system up and running? Because I've spent like 3 days jumping over various problems
I just had a whole 2TB Software RAID 5 blow up on me. I rebooted my server, which i hardly ever do and low and behold i loose one of my raid 5 sets. It seems like two of the disks are not showing up properly.. What i mean by that is the OS picks up the disks, but it doesnt see the partitions.
I ran smartct -l on all the drives in question and they're all in good working order.
Is there some sort of repair tool i can use to scan the busted drives (since they're available) to fix any possible errors that might be present.
Here is what the "good" drive looks like when i use sfdisk:
Quote:
sudo sfdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 0+ 121600 121601- 976760001 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty
[Code]....
I have implemented LVM to expand the /home partition. I would like to add 2 more disks to the system and use raid 5 for those two disks plus the disk used for /home. Is this possible? If so, do I use type fd for the two new disks and use type 8e for the existing LVM /home disk? Or do I use type fd for all of the raid disks?
View 1 Replies View RelatedI use slackware 13.1 and I want to create a RAID level 5 with 3 disks. Should I use entire device or a partition? What the advantages and disadvantages of each case? If a use the entire device, should I create any partition on it or leave all space as free?
View 4 Replies View RelatedI have a 7-drive RAID array on my computer. Recently, my SATA PCI card died, and after going through multiple cards to find another one that worked with linux, I now can't assemble the array. The drives are no longer in the order they were in previously, and mdadm can't seem to reassemble the array. It says there are 2 drives and one spare, even though there were 7 drives and no spares. I know for a fact that none of the drives are corrupted, because one of the non-working RAID cards was still able to mount the array for a short period, but would loose the drives during resyncing (I later found out that the chipset on the card was had extremely limited linux support). I have tried running "mdadm --assemble --scan" and after the drive is partially assembled, I add the other drives with "mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1". These both return errors and will not complete on the new raid card.
Code:
aaron-desktop:~ aaron$ sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md0
mdadm: /dev/md0 assembled from 2 drives and 1 spare - not enough to start the array.
[code]....
I am trying to create a new mdadm RAID 5 device /dev/md0 across three disks where such an array previously existed, but whenever I do it never recovers properly and tells me that I have a faulty spare in my array. More-specific details below. I recently installed Ubuntu Server 10.10 on a new box with the intent of using it as a NAS sorta-thing. I have 3 HDDs (2 TB each) and was hoping to use most of the available disk space as a RAID5 mdadm device (which gives me a bit less than 4TB.)
I configured /dev/md0 during OS installation across three partitions on the three disks - /dev/sda5, /dev/sdb5 and /dev/sdc5, which are all identical sizes. The OS, swap partition etc. are all on /dev/sda. Everything worked fine, and I was able to format the device as ext4 and mount it. Good so far.
Then I thought I should simulate a failure before I started keeping important stuff on the RAID array - no point having RAID 5 if it doesn't provide some redundancy that I actually know how to use, right? So I unplugged one of my drives, booted up, and was able to mount the device in a degraded state; test data I had put on there was still fine. Great. My trouble began when I plugged the third drive back in and re-booted. I re-added the removed drive to /dev/md0 and recovery began; things would look something like this:
Code:
user@guybrush:~$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid5 sdc5[3] sdb5[1] sda5[0]
3779096448 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_]
[Code]...
I'm trying to do some RAID managing with mdadm. I would like to sync my spare disk and then remove it from the array for making a backup out of it with dd command (the best way i can think of to get the current image of the whole system as it can't be done using the active RAID as source, because is constantly in use and changing). So, I have RAID1 array with 1 spare and 2 active disks (configuration listed below). Now I would like to force spare to sync and then remove it from array, although not faulty.
However, mdadm man page states:
"Devices can only be removed from an array if they are not in active use. i.e. that must be spares or failed devices. To remove an active device, it must be marked as faulty first."
So, I'd have to mark a disk as faulty (which it is not) to be able to remove it from array. There seems to be several people reporting that they can't remove this faulty flag accidentally given to a drive. And mdadm does not give direct for such operation. Isn't there a way I could remove and add disks whenever feeling like it?? One way would be open the cover and physically remove the disk. I'm not taking the risk, though. System is almost always in use, so there is not much chance for me to power off for temporary disk removal.
RAID CONFIGURATION:
~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 00.90.03
Creation Time : Fri Aug 4 17:38:26 2006
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 238950720 (227.88 GiB 244.69 GB)
I just bought two 320GB SATA drives and would like to install F11 with software RAID 1 on them. I read an article which explains how to install RAID 1, but it used 3 disks: one for OS and two clones. Do I really need a third disk to install RAID 1 configuration? If 2 disks is enough, then should I select "Clone a drive to create a RAID device" during F11 installation as explained here?
View 6 Replies View RelatedI've got 3 extra disks on OpenSuse 11.2 - all the same size. I've created a partition on all of them as type 0xFD. If I then try and add raid in yast I get "There are not enough suitable unused devices to create a RAID."
View 9 Replies View RelatedI'm trying to to determine the speed of my Raid Hot swappable disks. I need to determine if each disk is ether 10,000 rpm or 15000 rpm. I know that each disk is 72GB in size: I have tried to find this information ind/proc/diskinfo and using dmesg but no luck.
Hardware spec:
dl380 with P400 raid controller
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 0 status: OK.
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 1 status: OK.
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 2 status: OK.
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 3 status: OK.
[root@smstcatp11 cciss_vol_status-1.03]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/cciss/c0d0p6 29134940 2806224 24848732 11% /
/dev/cciss/c0d1p1 59122668 20567660 34972516 38% /apps
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 101086 11353 84514 12% /boot
/dev/cciss/c0d3p1 56616620 102716 53056720 1% /cdr
/dev/cciss/c0d3p2 2466732 61816 2279612 3% /home
/dev/cciss/c0d2p1 59122668 626432 54913744 2% /data
none 2073896 0 2073896 0% /dev/shm
/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 16516084 78820 15598272 1% /tmp
/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 16516084 198828 15478264 2% /var
I have a home server running Openfiler 2.3 x64 with 4x1.5TB software RAID 5 array (more details on the hardware and OS later). All was working well for two years until several weeks ago, the array failed with two faulty disks at the same time. Well, those thing could happen, especially if one is using desktop-grade disks instead of enterprise-grade ones (way too expensive for a home server). Since is was most likely a false positive, I've reassembled the array:
Code:
# mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdb1(0) from 110 upto 122
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdc1(1) from 110 upto 122
[code]....
Right. Once is just a coincident but twice in such a sort period of time means that something is wrong. I've reassembled the array and again, all the files were intact. But now was the time to think seriously about backing up my array, so I've ordered a 2TB external disk and in the meantime kept the server off. When I got the external drive, I hooked it up to my Windows desktop, turned on the server and started copying the files. After about 10 minutes two drives failed again. I've reassembled, rebooted and started copying again, but after a few MBs, the copy process reported a problem - the files were unavailable. A few retried and the process resumed, but a few MBs later it had to stop again, for the same reason. Several more stops like those and two disks failed again. Looking at the /var/log/messages file, I found a lot of error like these:
Quote:
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.467686] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.523714] ata1.01: configured for UDMA/133
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.523727] ata1: EH complete
[code]....
The motherboard is Gigabyte GA-G31M-ES2L based on Intel's G31 chipset, the 4 disks are Seagate 7200.11 (with a version of a firmware that doesn't cause frequent data corruption).
Basically, I installed Debian Lenny creating two RAID 1 devices on two 1 TB disks during installation. /dev/md0 for swap and /dev/md1 for "/"
I did not pay much attention, but it seemed to work fine at start - both raid devices were up early during boot, I think. After that I upgraded the system into testing which involved at least upgrading GRUB to 1.97 and compiling & installing a new 2.6.34 kernel ( udev refused to upgrade with old kernel ) Last part was a bit messy, but in the end I have it working.
Let me describe my HDDs setup: when I do "sudo fdisk -l" it gives me sda1,sda2 raid partitions on sda, sdb1,sdb2 raid partitions on sdb which are my two 1 TB drives and sdc1, sdc2, sdc5 for my 3rd 160GB drive I actually boot from ( I mean GRUB is installed there, and its chosen as boot device in BIOS ). The problem is that raid starts degraded every time ( starts with 1 out of 2 devices ). When doing " cat /proc/mdstat " I get "U_" statuses and 2nd devices is "removed" on both md devices.
I can successfully run partx -a sdb, which gives me sdb1 and sdb2 and then I readd those to raid devices using " sudo mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 ". After I read devices it syncs the disks and after about 3 hours I see fine status in mdstat. However when I reboot, it again starts with degraded array. I get a feeling that after I read the disk and sync array I need to update some configuration somewhere, I tried to " sudo mdadm --examine --scan " but its output is no different from my current /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf even after I readd the disks and sync.
So, I have raid5 array with one spare disk. Is it possible to spin-off/shutdown the spare disk until one drive fails and the spare disk is needed?
View 1 Replies View RelatedI have been running a server with an increasingly large md array and always been plagued with intermittent disk faults. For a long time, I've attributed those to either temperature or power glitches. I had just embarked on a quest to a) lower case and drive temperature. They were running between 43 and 47C, sometimes peaking at 52C, so I've added more case fan power and made sure the drive cage was in the flow (it has it's own fan, too). Also, I've upgraded my power supply and made very sure that all the connectors are good. The array currently is a RAID6 with 5 Seagate 1,5TB drives.
When everything seemed to be working fine, I looked at my SMART logs and found that two of my drives (both well over 14000 operating hours) were showing uncorrectible bad blocks. Since it's RAID6, I figured, I couldn't do much harm, ran a badblocks test on it, zeroed the blocks that were reported bad, figuring the drive defect management would remap them to a good part of the disk and zeroed the superblock. I then added it back to the pack and the resync started. At around 50%, a second drive decided to go and shortly thereafter a third. Now, with two out of five drives, RAID6 will fail. Fine. At least, no data will be written to it anymore, however, now I cannot reassemble the array anymore.
Whenever I try I get this:
Code:
mdadm --assemble --scan
mdadm: /dev/md1 assembled from 2 drives and 2 spares - not enough to start the array
Code:
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear]
md1 : inactive sdf1[4](S) sde1[6](S) sdg1[1](S) sdh1[5](S) sdd1[2](S)
7325679320 blocks super 1.0
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[0] sdc2[1]
312464128 blocks [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 3/149 pages [12KB], 1024KB chunk
Which is not fine. I'm sure that three devices are fine (normally, a failed device would just rejoin the array, skipping most of the resync by way of the bitmap) so I should be able to reassemble the array with the two good ones and the one that failed last, then add the one that failed during the resync and finally re-add the original offender. However, I have no idea how to get them out of the "(S)" state.
Code:
mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1
/dev/sdd1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : d79d81cc:fff69625:5fb4ab4c:46d45217 .....
Using a fresh copy of server 10.04 im trying to simulate a failed raid array on a pair of 2tb disks. Here is the procedure i have been following so far:
- Remove the dead disk partitions from each of the raid 1 arrays (substitute the correct md devices and partitions)
- mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdb2
- mdadm /dev/md1 -r /dev/sdb3
[code]....
I get an error here that sfdisk does not support gpt (guid partition table). I thought sfdisk did support gpt? It says to use parted, but i cant find a command that copies a partition table over from another disk in parted documentation. Any suggestions? I suppose i could make the partitions manually, but im writing a procedure for people who arent that technical and i need it to be simple enough to be run in my absence. manually building the partitions would be too hard for them.
Alright, I have this issue on both SystemRescueCD and Debian Squeeze. I have an ASUS P5Q Turbo board that supports hardware RAID. If I configure an array and then start the Linux installer or boot the rescue CD, I get /dev/sda and /dev/sdb instead of an array. What gives? I need to start installing within the hour so I am desperate for an answer!
View 1 Replies View RelatedI have a Dell Studio XPS running openSUSE 11.2 with dual mirrored disks (using Dell's SATA controller). Does anyone know how I can set up automatic monitoring of the disks so that I will be informed if either fail? I think smartd might be what I need here. Is that correct? I added:
/dev/sda -a -d sat -m <my email>
/dev/sda -a -d sat -m <my email>
smartd is running, but how do I know that it will report what I need? I also have a client with a Dell PowderEdge SC440 with SAS 5/iR also running openSUSE 11.2. They also require automatic monitoring. There doesn't seem to be a SAS directive for smartd. I notice that the newer release says it does support SAS disk. I upgraded to 5.39. On restart (with DEVICESCAN as the directive) I get the following in /var/log/messages for my SAS RAID disk.
Sep 18 10:47:26 harmony-server smartd[25234]: Device: /dev/sdb, Bad IEC (SMART) mode page, err=4, skip device
I ran:
smartctl -a /dev/sdb
and got the result:
smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (openSUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, smartmontools
Device: Dell VIRTUAL DISK Version: 1028
Device type: disk
Local Time is: Sat Sep 18 11:32:08 2010 JST
Device does not support SMART
Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging
Is there some other tool/package that does support DELL virtual disks?
I've got a raid5 array of 4 disks with ubuntu 8.04 runing on it that is currently still working:
/dev/sda
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd
Smartmontools for /dev/sdc tell that there are 9 sectors pending for reallocation:
Code:
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 9
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 9
And /dev/sdd has increasing number of reallocated sectors (about 1 every couple of minutes):
Code:
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 1735
/dev/sdc has failed a coulple of times this week (but I have always sucessfully readded it to raid5) . But the increasing number of reallocated sectores on /dev/sdd concerns me even more.
I'm affraid that during removal of /dev/sdd and adding new /devs/sdd disk, raid might fall appart. That's why I would try to do it in Ubuntu Live CD:If the raid falls appart (/dev/sdc fails) during the readding of new /dev/sdd disk, I might still remove the new /dev/sdd and return the previous one and assemble the raid with:
/dev/sda
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdd (old one that was previously removed)
Does assembling Raid in Ubuntu Live and adding new disk for /dev/sdd write anything on /dev/sda, /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc in the process of adding /dev/sdd into raid5?
I've got a couple of commercial NAS boxes and I'm wondering if they (ReadyNas duo, DLink DNS-323) or any other NAS is suitable for having their RAIDed disks moved to a software-based NAS. To be specific, I'm a big fan of the (largely) Debian-based Ubuntu. Can the aforementioned NAS drives be migrated to Ubuntu (e.g. using the mdadm Linux command)?
Secondly, is there any commercial NAS that can be migrated over? Incidentally, here is a link to somebody who succeeded in a migration:URL...My specific scenario I'd like to prepare for, is the eventual (sudden) death of one of the NAS motherboards.
I have a 3ware controller that has a RAID 1 of two SATA disks.After an outage, the linux box (which is running ubuntu), restarted and the partition is now mounted read only. I only have the "/" mount point (this is a test server).Now, if I go to the 3ware controller by pressing ALT-3 while booting, I don't see any indication that there is something wrong with the disks.If I let the computer boot, I'm asked by fdisk if I want to fix/ignore/etc the inconsistencies found.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI'm having two hard disks in my pc. I can easily access both of them from my windows. But in case of ubuntu i can access only that hard disk on which ubuntu is installed. The other hard disk can not be accessed from ubuntu.
View 2 Replies View RelatedI thought that alignment of 4096-byte sector Advanced Format hard drives was automatically taken care of via Gparted or Disk Utility until I bought a Hitachi HTS547575A9E384 (Travelstar 5K750) and saw that Disk Utility showed my partitions to be out of alignment. I then realized that my WD, which I had bought a few months ago, probably had its jumper set to emulate a 512-byte sector legacy drive (512e) and is probably not set to the AF setting.
Straight to the problem.
I've searched many sites, some of which suggest using fdisk (others the proprietary software of the hard drive's manufacturer). It is essential that one change the arguments prior to changing the partition table as there is no way back (yet, as far as I know) without having to move data to another drive and starting all over:
[Code]...
I have a laptop HP Pavilion, on which I installed Ubuntu 10.04. I erased the whole disk and used the option manually define the partitions.
Here is my partition table given by gparted:
Partition File system Mount point
unallocated 1 MB
/dev/sda1 vfat /windows
/dev/sda2 ext4 /
/dev/sda3 extended extended
/dev/sda5 linux-swap
/dev/sda4 ext4 /home
I installed Ubuntu and everything went fine. But now I want to install WinXP from an original Microsoft CD-rom and I get the follow error:
Unable to install windows, no hard disks found, contact your dealer (or something like that, it is translated from Dutch).
I tried everything, formatting my hard disk with gparted NTFS, formatting mkfs.vfat, with no luck.
First and foremost, I really appreciate this newer release of Ubuntu 10.10. My boss wanted to use SLAX, but I had great experience with 8.10 and I have installed 10.10 on laptops and netbooks. on with the challenge for the day: I have configured a user's profile on 10.10 to startup Firefox in kiosk to go to our secure portal. The problem is I don't particularly care to REDO configure a user's profile session over and over.
So, if any of you whiz kids out there can come up with a better way to copy a user's profile...particularly the files that are used for Mozilla Firefox so that I can just copy and paste the files onto another hard drive with a fresh 10.10 that would be great.
The ONLY issue I have working with Linux is that I can not rapidly deploy my settings I have set for 'user' as I can with Windows. I am sure if there was a way to do this, deployment of Ubuntu 10.10 would go MUCH faster. As it stands, if I am able to pull this off...there will be a potential of removing Windows desktops. Which is fine for me because I can manage desktops a little easier on this platform than Windows.
This is what I have installed in Ubuntu:
IcedTea (for Java plugin for Firefox)
Profile Editor
R-Kiosk
All those work great with Firefox, but getting those installed on a new system is a bit daunting.especially when some users suggest doing cloning when in reality...I plan to do the install via LiveCD and THEN hopefully create the user on the fly in Terminal and copy the user files needed off a flash drive into the home/user folder
I would like to install ubuntu on windows xp which has 6 partitioned hard disks. When I try to install ubuntu on hard disk F, it says i need to select a root. However, I could not succeed in selecting a `root`. I also tried wubi, but it was terminated with an abrupt error just before it was finished. Furthermore, what does boot directory mean?
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