Hardware :: Determine Speed Of RAID Hot Swappable Disks?

Mar 4, 2009

I'm trying to to determine the speed of my Raid Hot swappable disks. I need to determine if each disk is ether 10,000 rpm or 15000 rpm. I know that each disk is 72GB in size: I have tried to find this information ind/proc/diskinfo and using dmesg but no luck.

Hardware spec:
dl380 with P400 raid controller
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 0 status: OK.
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 1 status: OK.
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 2 status: OK.
/dev/cciss/c0d3: (Smart Array P400) RAID 1 Volume 3 status: OK.
[root@smstcatp11 cciss_vol_status-1.03]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/cciss/c0d0p6 29134940 2806224 24848732 11% /
/dev/cciss/c0d1p1 59122668 20567660 34972516 38% /apps
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 101086 11353 84514 12% /boot
/dev/cciss/c0d3p1 56616620 102716 53056720 1% /cdr
/dev/cciss/c0d3p2 2466732 61816 2279612 3% /home
/dev/cciss/c0d2p1 59122668 626432 54913744 2% /data
none 2073896 0 2073896 0% /dev/shm
/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 16516084 78820 15598272 1% /tmp
/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 16516084 198828 15478264 2% /var

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Feb 17, 2011

I just experienced a HDD failure and while reorganizing the drives inthis machine I realized the benefits of UUID instead of /dev/sdX nomenclature. I am trying to determine the UUID of 2 disks that are assembled in a RAID1 array. right now they are /dev/sde & /dev/sdf with each only one partition. I tried ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid but I get only the UUID of other disks, not the ones currently ID'd as sde & sdf. my mdadm.conf assembles several raid arrays all by UUID, but somehow, I cant recall how I got the UUIDs of the other HDDs at first...

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Is this already possible with linux standard tools?

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My machine has 4 SATA 2 West Digital 1TB disks. I made 2 partitions on each of them, 500GB for each partition. When I started using them I check their I/O using iozone. The first partition has 100MB/s for read, 70MB/s for write. And the second partition has 80MB/s for read, 55MB/s for write. All 4 disks has the same result.

As I use on, the I/O speed on each partition decrease, to different extend. For example, for the 4 first partitions, the write speed varies from 69MB/s to 56MB/s. And I have same amount of data on each of them, all used 11%.

My guess for this is the disk block allocation policy. This is caused because some disk starts writing from inner location while others writes on the outer edge, even though amount of data on each disk is the same.

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I have implemented LVM to expand the /home partition. I would like to add 2 more disks to the system and use raid 5 for those two disks plus the disk used for /home. Is this possible? If so, do I use type fd for the two new disks and use type 8e for the existing LVM /home disk? Or do I use type fd for all of the raid disks?

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I use slackware 13.1 and I want to create a RAID level 5 with 3 disks. Should I use entire device or a partition? What the advantages and disadvantages of each case? If a use the entire device, should I create any partition on it or leave all space as free?

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Sep 10, 2010

I have a 7-drive RAID array on my computer. Recently, my SATA PCI card died, and after going through multiple cards to find another one that worked with linux, I now can't assemble the array. The drives are no longer in the order they were in previously, and mdadm can't seem to reassemble the array. It says there are 2 drives and one spare, even though there were 7 drives and no spares. I know for a fact that none of the drives are corrupted, because one of the non-working RAID cards was still able to mount the array for a short period, but would loose the drives during resyncing (I later found out that the chipset on the card was had extremely limited linux support). I have tried running "mdadm --assemble --scan" and after the drive is partially assembled, I add the other drives with "mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1". These both return errors and will not complete on the new raid card.

Code:
aaron-desktop:~ aaron$ sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md0
mdadm: /dev/md0 assembled from 2 drives and 1 spare - not enough to start the array.

[code]....

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Mar 4, 2010

I'm trying to do some RAID managing with mdadm. I would like to sync my spare disk and then remove it from the array for making a backup out of it with dd command (the best way i can think of to get the current image of the whole system as it can't be done using the active RAID as source, because is constantly in use and changing). So, I have RAID1 array with 1 spare and 2 active disks (configuration listed below). Now I would like to force spare to sync and then remove it from array, although not faulty.

However, mdadm man page states:
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So, I'd have to mark a disk as faulty (which it is not) to be able to remove it from array. There seems to be several people reporting that they can't remove this faulty flag accidentally given to a drive. And mdadm does not give direct for such operation. Isn't there a way I could remove and add disks whenever feeling like it?? One way would be open the cover and physically remove the disk. I'm not taking the risk, though. System is almost always in use, so there is not much chance for me to power off for temporary disk removal.

RAID CONFIGURATION:
~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 00.90.03
Creation Time : Fri Aug 4 17:38:26 2006
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 238950720 (227.88 GiB 244.69 GB)

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here's my set up:

/dev/md0 (raid 1) - 100MB total:
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/dev/md1 (raid 5) - 45GB total:
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any tips how to have this system up and running? Because I've spent like 3 days jumping over various problems

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I just had a whole 2TB Software RAID 5 blow up on me. I rebooted my server, which i hardly ever do and low and behold i loose one of my raid 5 sets. It seems like two of the disks are not showing up properly.. What i mean by that is the OS picks up the disks, but it doesnt see the partitions.

I ran smartct -l on all the drives in question and they're all in good working order.

Is there some sort of repair tool i can use to scan the busted drives (since they're available) to fix any possible errors that might be present.

Here is what the "good" drive looks like when i use sfdisk:

Quote:

sudo sfdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 121601 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 0+ 121600 121601- 976760001 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

[Code]....

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Can someone recommend a good brand and specific disks that you've had experience with? I'd rather not need to replace these after putting them in, but I also don't want to pay significantly more for an illusion of quality.

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Apr 15, 2011

I have a home server running Openfiler 2.3 x64 with 4x1.5TB software RAID 5 array (more details on the hardware and OS later). All was working well for two years until several weeks ago, the array failed with two faulty disks at the same time. Well, those thing could happen, especially if one is using desktop-grade disks instead of enterprise-grade ones (way too expensive for a home server). Since is was most likely a false positive, I've reassembled the array:

Code:

# mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdb1(0) from 110 upto 122
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdc1(1) from 110 upto 122

[code]....

Right. Once is just a coincident but twice in such a sort period of time means that something is wrong. I've reassembled the array and again, all the files were intact. But now was the time to think seriously about backing up my array, so I've ordered a 2TB external disk and in the meantime kept the server off. When I got the external drive, I hooked it up to my Windows desktop, turned on the server and started copying the files. After about 10 minutes two drives failed again. I've reassembled, rebooted and started copying again, but after a few MBs, the copy process reported a problem - the files were unavailable. A few retried and the process resumed, but a few MBs later it had to stop again, for the same reason. Several more stops like those and two disks failed again. Looking at the /var/log/messages file, I found a lot of error like these:

Quote:

Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.467686] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.523714] ata1.01: configured for UDMA/133
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.523727] ata1: EH complete

[code]....

The motherboard is Gigabyte GA-G31M-ES2L based on Intel's G31 chipset, the 4 disks are Seagate 7200.11 (with a version of a firmware that doesn't cause frequent data corruption).

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Jun 20, 2010

Basically, I installed Debian Lenny creating two RAID 1 devices on two 1 TB disks during installation. /dev/md0 for swap and /dev/md1 for "/"
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Let me describe my HDDs setup: when I do "sudo fdisk -l" it gives me sda1,sda2 raid partitions on sda, sdb1,sdb2 raid partitions on sdb which are my two 1 TB drives and sdc1, sdc2, sdc5 for my 3rd 160GB drive I actually boot from ( I mean GRUB is installed there, and its chosen as boot device in BIOS ). The problem is that raid starts degraded every time ( starts with 1 out of 2 devices ). When doing " cat /proc/mdstat " I get "U_" statuses and 2nd devices is "removed" on both md devices.

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Mar 25, 2011

I have been running a server with an increasingly large md array and always been plagued with intermittent disk faults. For a long time, I've attributed those to either temperature or power glitches. I had just embarked on a quest to a) lower case and drive temperature. They were running between 43 and 47C, sometimes peaking at 52C, so I've added more case fan power and made sure the drive cage was in the flow (it has it's own fan, too). Also, I've upgraded my power supply and made very sure that all the connectors are good. The array currently is a RAID6 with 5 Seagate 1,5TB drives.

When everything seemed to be working fine, I looked at my SMART logs and found that two of my drives (both well over 14000 operating hours) were showing uncorrectible bad blocks. Since it's RAID6, I figured, I couldn't do much harm, ran a badblocks test on it, zeroed the blocks that were reported bad, figuring the drive defect management would remap them to a good part of the disk and zeroed the superblock. I then added it back to the pack and the resync started. At around 50%, a second drive decided to go and shortly thereafter a third. Now, with two out of five drives, RAID6 will fail. Fine. At least, no data will be written to it anymore, however, now I cannot reassemble the array anymore.

Whenever I try I get this:
Code:
mdadm --assemble --scan
mdadm: /dev/md1 assembled from 2 drives and 2 spares - not enough to start the array

Code:
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear]
md1 : inactive sdf1[4](S) sde1[6](S) sdg1[1](S) sdh1[5](S) sdd1[2](S)
7325679320 blocks super 1.0
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[0] sdc2[1]
312464128 blocks [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 3/149 pages [12KB], 1024KB chunk

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Code:
mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1
/dev/sdd1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : d79d81cc:fff69625:5fb4ab4c:46d45217 .....

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Sep 17, 2010

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/dev/sda -a -d sat -m <my email>
/dev/sda -a -d sat -m <my email>

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Sep 18 10:47:26 harmony-server smartd[25234]: Device: /dev/sdb, Bad IEC (SMART) mode page, err=4, skip device
I ran:
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and got the result:
smartctl 5.39.1 2010-01-28 r3054 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] (openSUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-10 by Bruce Allen, smartmontools

Device: Dell VIRTUAL DISK Version: 1028
Device type: disk
Local Time is: Sat Sep 18 11:32:08 2010 JST
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Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging

Is there some other tool/package that does support DELL virtual disks?

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Oct 18, 2010

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Feb 5, 2011

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Code:
user@guybrush:~$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid5 sdc5[3] sdb5[1] sda5[0]
3779096448 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_]

[Code]...

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Feb 26, 2011

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- Remove the dead disk partitions from each of the raid 1 arrays (substitute the correct md devices and partitions)
- mdadm /dev/md0 -r /dev/sdb2
- mdadm /dev/md1 -r /dev/sdb3

[code]....

I get an error here that sfdisk does not support gpt (guid partition table). I thought sfdisk did support gpt? It says to use parted, but i cant find a command that copies a partition table over from another disk in parted documentation. Any suggestions? I suppose i could make the partitions manually, but im writing a procedure for people who arent that technical and i need it to be simple enough to be run in my absence. manually building the partitions would be too hard for them.

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Jan 9, 2011

I've got a raid5 array of 4 disks with ubuntu 8.04 runing on it that is currently still working:

/dev/sda
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdc
/dev/sdd

Smartmontools for /dev/sdc tell that there are 9 sectors pending for reallocation:

Code:

197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 9
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 9
And /dev/sdd has increasing number of reallocated sectors (about 1 every couple of minutes):

Code:

5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 1735
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I'm affraid that during removal of /dev/sdd and adding new /devs/sdd disk, raid might fall appart. That's why I would try to do it in Ubuntu Live CD:If the raid falls appart (/dev/sdc fails) during the readding of new /dev/sdd disk, I might still remove the new /dev/sdd and return the previous one and assemble the raid with:

/dev/sda
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdd (old one that was previously removed)

Does assembling Raid in Ubuntu Live and adding new disk for /dev/sdd write anything on /dev/sda, /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc in the process of adding /dev/sdd into raid5?

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Is this normal? It seems low to me, but it is a a quad core 2.5 GHZ processor. Screen shots attached.Is it "normal" for software RAID to drop a drive? I thought that was only a hardware RAID issue. Coder68

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