Server :: RAID 6 Array Coming Up With All Disks As Spare

Mar 25, 2011

I have been running a server with an increasingly large md array and always been plagued with intermittent disk faults. For a long time, I've attributed those to either temperature or power glitches. I had just embarked on a quest to a) lower case and drive temperature. They were running between 43 and 47C, sometimes peaking at 52C, so I've added more case fan power and made sure the drive cage was in the flow (it has it's own fan, too). Also, I've upgraded my power supply and made very sure that all the connectors are good. The array currently is a RAID6 with 5 Seagate 1,5TB drives.

When everything seemed to be working fine, I looked at my SMART logs and found that two of my drives (both well over 14000 operating hours) were showing uncorrectible bad blocks. Since it's RAID6, I figured, I couldn't do much harm, ran a badblocks test on it, zeroed the blocks that were reported bad, figuring the drive defect management would remap them to a good part of the disk and zeroed the superblock. I then added it back to the pack and the resync started. At around 50%, a second drive decided to go and shortly thereafter a third. Now, with two out of five drives, RAID6 will fail. Fine. At least, no data will be written to it anymore, however, now I cannot reassemble the array anymore.

Whenever I try I get this:
Code:
mdadm --assemble --scan
mdadm: /dev/md1 assembled from 2 drives and 2 spares - not enough to start the array

Code:
cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear]
md1 : inactive sdf1[4](S) sde1[6](S) sdg1[1](S) sdh1[5](S) sdd1[2](S)
7325679320 blocks super 1.0
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[0] sdc2[1]
312464128 blocks [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 3/149 pages [12KB], 1024KB chunk

Which is not fine. I'm sure that three devices are fine (normally, a failed device would just rejoin the array, skipping most of the resync by way of the bitmap) so I should be able to reassemble the array with the two good ones and the one that failed last, then add the one that failed during the resync and finally re-add the original offender. However, I have no idea how to get them out of the "(S)" state.

Code:
mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1
/dev/sdd1:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 1.0
Feature Map : 0x1
Array UUID : d79d81cc:fff69625:5fb4ab4c:46d45217 .....

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Sep 10, 2010

I have a 7-drive RAID array on my computer. Recently, my SATA PCI card died, and after going through multiple cards to find another one that worked with linux, I now can't assemble the array. The drives are no longer in the order they were in previously, and mdadm can't seem to reassemble the array. It says there are 2 drives and one spare, even though there were 7 drives and no spares. I know for a fact that none of the drives are corrupted, because one of the non-working RAID cards was still able to mount the array for a short period, but would loose the drives during resyncing (I later found out that the chipset on the card was had extremely limited linux support). I have tried running "mdadm --assemble --scan" and after the drive is partially assembled, I add the other drives with "mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1". These both return errors and will not complete on the new raid card.

Code:
aaron-desktop:~ aaron$ sudo mdadm --assemble /dev/md0
mdadm: /dev/md0 assembled from 2 drives and 1 spare - not enough to start the array.

[code]....

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Mar 4, 2010

I'm trying to do some RAID managing with mdadm. I would like to sync my spare disk and then remove it from the array for making a backup out of it with dd command (the best way i can think of to get the current image of the whole system as it can't be done using the active RAID as source, because is constantly in use and changing). So, I have RAID1 array with 1 spare and 2 active disks (configuration listed below). Now I would like to force spare to sync and then remove it from array, although not faulty.

However, mdadm man page states:
"Devices can only be removed from an array if they are not in active use. i.e. that must be spares or failed devices. To remove an active device, it must be marked as faulty first."

So, I'd have to mark a disk as faulty (which it is not) to be able to remove it from array. There seems to be several people reporting that they can't remove this faulty flag accidentally given to a drive. And mdadm does not give direct for such operation. Isn't there a way I could remove and add disks whenever feeling like it?? One way would be open the cover and physically remove the disk. I'm not taking the risk, though. System is almost always in use, so there is not much chance for me to power off for temporary disk removal.

RAID CONFIGURATION:
~# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 00.90.03
Creation Time : Fri Aug 4 17:38:26 2006
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 238950720 (227.88 GiB 244.69 GB)

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here's my set up:

/dev/md0 (raid 1) - 100MB total:
- dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1, /dev/sdd1
/dev/md1 (raid 5) - 45GB total:
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/dev/md2 (raid 5) - something bit lower than 3TB:
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any tips how to have this system up and running? Because I've spent like 3 days jumping over various problems

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Apr 15, 2011

I have a home server running Openfiler 2.3 x64 with 4x1.5TB software RAID 5 array (more details on the hardware and OS later). All was working well for two years until several weeks ago, the array failed with two faulty disks at the same time. Well, those thing could happen, especially if one is using desktop-grade disks instead of enterprise-grade ones (way too expensive for a home server). Since is was most likely a false positive, I've reassembled the array:

Code:

# mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdb1(0) from 110 upto 122
mdadm: forcing event count in /dev/sdc1(1) from 110 upto 122

[code]....

Right. Once is just a coincident but twice in such a sort period of time means that something is wrong. I've reassembled the array and again, all the files were intact. But now was the time to think seriously about backing up my array, so I've ordered a 2TB external disk and in the meantime kept the server off. When I got the external drive, I hooked it up to my Windows desktop, turned on the server and started copying the files. After about 10 minutes two drives failed again. I've reassembled, rebooted and started copying again, but after a few MBs, the copy process reported a problem - the files were unavailable. A few retried and the process resumed, but a few MBs later it had to stop again, for the same reason. Several more stops like those and two disks failed again. Looking at the /var/log/messages file, I found a lot of error like these:

Quote:

Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.467686] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.523714] ata1.01: configured for UDMA/133
Apr 12 22:44:02 NAS kernel: [77047.523727] ata1: EH complete

[code]....

The motherboard is Gigabyte GA-G31M-ES2L based on Intel's G31 chipset, the 4 disks are Seagate 7200.11 (with a version of a firmware that doesn't cause frequent data corruption).

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- Remove the dead disk partitions from each of the raid 1 arrays (substitute the correct md devices and partitions)
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- mdadm /dev/md1 -r /dev/sdb3

[code]....

I get an error here that sfdisk does not support gpt (guid partition table). I thought sfdisk did support gpt? It says to use parted, but i cant find a command that copies a partition table over from another disk in parted documentation. Any suggestions? I suppose i could make the partitions manually, but im writing a procedure for people who arent that technical and i need it to be simple enough to be run in my absence. manually building the partitions would be too hard for them.

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Could any RAID gurus kindly assist me on the following RAID-5 issue?I have an mdadm-created RAID5 array consisting of 4 discs. One of the discs was dropping out, so I decided to replace it. Somehow, this went terribly wrong and I succeeded in marking two of the drives as faulty, and the re-adding them as spare.

Now the array is (logically) no longer able to start:

mdadm: Not enough devices to start the array.Degraded and can't create RAID ,auto stop RAID [md1]

I was able to examine the disks though:

Code:
root@127.0.0.1:/etc# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 00.90.00
code....

Code:
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so I setup a raid ten system and I was wondering what that difference between the active and spare drives is ? if I have 4 active drives then 2 the two stripes are then mirrored right?

root@wolfden:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid10]
md1 : active raid10 sda2[0] sdd2[3] sdc2[2] sdb2[1]

[code]....

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Aug 7, 2011

I'm convinced that mdadm is going to be the death of me. I've wasted numerous hours on this so far without luck.

OpenSuse 11.4 on an old Supermicro box, creating a software RAID1 array across 2 x IDE 500GB disks. Creating /dev/md0 as a 250MB partition across /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdd1 for /boot, another 465GB partition across /dev/sda2 and /dev/sdd2 as an LVM partition to hold volumes for the various other OS filesystems. After the initial installation and configuration there were a series of mishaps with faulty IDE cables that had drives failing to show up at boot. Somehow, /dev/sdd2 got configured to array /dev/md1 as a spare drive. And nothing I've done so far gets it to show up as an active drive.

The obvious step of failing the partition, removing it, then adding (or re-adding) will bring it back as a spare. I've tried roughly a dozen different permutations of those same steps. The latest was to 'dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd2' to clear the partition. Thought this might be the trick - after the zero, mdadm -E /dev/sdd2 reported 'no superblock' and no md1 configuration.

So 'mdadm --add /dev/md1 /dev/sdd2' and it still comes back as a spare. Here is mdadm -D /dev/md1

/dev/md1:
Version : 1.0
Creation Time : Sat Jul 9 10:26:01 2011
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 488119160 (465.51 GiB 499.83 GB)
code....

I can't stop this array, the OS is running from there. I can't easily boot from CD to repair, all IDE ports have disks attached.

Does anyone have an incantation to promote a spare to active?

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Quote:

/dev/sdd1
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
this 0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1

[code]....

The first part in /dev/sdc1 is the same for all the devices, I just post you the states. Another thing is tha all the devices say that there is no superblock It seems that 3 disks are "active sync" but the states of the others doesn't match between them. And /dev/sdd1 is spare, the disk I added manually at first to start the recovery process.

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Aug 4, 2010

I want to build a 6xSATA RAID 5 system with on of the disks as spare disk. I think this give me a chance of 2 of 6 disks failing without losing data. I am right?
Hardware: Intel ICH10R
First I will creat a 3xSATA RAID 5, after I will add the spare disk and after that I will add the others disks. This is what I think I should do.

Step 1:
Create RAID Device
Code:
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --metadata 1.2 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
I read that "--metadata 1.2" is the best option. It is true?
Create filesystem on the RAID device

Using this method of calculation:
* chunk size = 128kB (for RAID 5)
* block size = 4kB (recommended for large files, and most of time)
* stride = chunk / block = 128kB / 4k = 32kB
* stripe-width = stride * ( (n disks in raid5) - 1 ) = 32kB * ( (5)- 1 ) = 32kB * 4 = 128kb
Then:
Code:
mkfs.ext3 -v -m .1 -b 4096 -E stride=32,stripe-width=128 /dev/md0

Step 2:
Add spare-disk
Code:
mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1
Is this enough?

Step 3:
Adding disks:
Code:
mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sde1
mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=4
fsck.ext3 /dev/md0
resize2fs /dev/md0

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Device List(original):
/dev/sda => boot drive, /home /
/dev/sdb => 1.5TB media storage, failing

[code]...

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[code]...

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[code]...

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[code]....

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I need to mount my raid array on CentOS 5.2 samba server.

Here are my hardware specs:
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CPU's: Intel PIII 850ghz socket 370
Memory: 4 gig Crucial 133 ECC SDRAM
OS: 2 x'x IBM Travelstar 6.4 gig 2.5 hard drives, (low heat/noise)
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formatted with fdisk;
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Then formatted with the following command;
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The hard drive was formatted with the ext3 files system, but I have mounted it as an ext2 file system as I don't want 'journaling' to occur. I then edited my /ect/fstab like this: .....

Then: mount -a
When I go into my "home" directory and type ls, I get the following:
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total 24
drwx------ 2 zog zog 4096 Jun 23 15:50 zog
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Jun 23 15:46 home -> /home/
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drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 23 17:18 tmp
Why my home directory is showing under home?

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Aug 4, 2010

I want to build a 6xSATA RAID 5 system with on of the disks as spare disk. I think this give me a chance of 2 of 6 disks failing without losing data. I am right? Hardware: Intel ICH10R First I will creat a 3xSATA RAID 5, after I will add the spare disk and after that I will add the others disks. This is what I think I should do.

[code].....

EDIT:I'm thinking in put LVM with the RAID 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of it (LVM over RAID 5). It is safe? My MB (Asus P5Q) have Chipset Intel P45 ICH10R. What kind of RAID have it? Hardware RAID, fake RAID, BIOS RAID, software RAID? This are the specs of storage

[code].....

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mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try

[code]....

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Server :: Creating Backup Disk Image Of RAID 1 Array (MDADM)?

Oct 27, 2010

We have some servers that run in very harsh environments (research vessel) that need to have high-availability.We have software RAID 1 for some measure of resiliency, along with proper data backups (tapes etc), however we would like to be able to break out a new server and re-image it (including RAID setup) from a known good copy if the hardware completely fails on the production box. Simplicity of the process is a big plus.I am interested in any advice on the best way to approach this. My current approach (relatively new to Linux administration, totally new to MDADM) is to use DD to take a complete gzipped copy of one of the RAID'ed devices (from a live CD): ode:
dd if=/dev/sda bs=4096 | gzip -c > /mnt/external/image/test.img then reverse the process on the new PC, finally using Code:mdadm --assemble to re-create and re-build the array.

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Server :: Raid 1 - Resync The Drives In The Array Hda Primary And Hdc Secondary Using Mdadm?

Nov 30, 2010

I am learning software raid 1 with centos 5.5. I created the raid with out any problems and removed the first drive to check there was no problems and it booted. I have installed the old drive back in the system as hdc and need to resync the drives (used old drive as partitions correct) I thought I could use raidhotadd but id does not seem to exist anymore. how I resync the drives in the array hda primary and hdc secondary using mdadm

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