Ubuntu Servers :: Default File Permissions For System Folders
May 5, 2010
I had a major raid event recently which caused my Ubuntu 9.04 server to recover part of its file journal on the system partition. This caused some of the file permissions to go all funny and I now need to change them manually.
What the file permissions should for the following folders:
/etc/
/home/
/lost+found/
/mnt/
/root/
/sbin/
/srv/
/tmp/
The server is running and I fixed the some of the ownership issues already. I use a basic LAMP setup with samba, and proftp.
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Jan 14, 2010
This is probably a pretty basic question seeing as I'm pretty new to Ubuntu Server. I'm running a simple website from my Ubuntu Server machine with The files are all stored in /var/www/ and then subdirectories. The problem is that when I add files through FTP I need to go and change all of the file permissions since by default they do not have read access so can't be accessed through a web browser on another machine.How can I make the default permissions readable for the directory and all new files that will be moved in it
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Feb 1, 2010
I have mounted samba volume and I need to have write permissions for every new folder that's being created (currently, by default, on every newly created folder i have only read and execute permissions).I tried changing umask, but with no effect on mounted folder, umask changed only for local filesystem. I tried mounting with umask option, but with no effect again.I'm using ArchLinux on this machine, and I installed samba using default package manager (pacman).
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Feb 12, 2011
Being new to Linux, i've just about got used to the Debian setup procedure now, but had a quick question on the default ownership of files and folders. On my default Debian installation, almost all the folders and files are owned by root:root. Is this the correct advised configuration or should the folders and files be owned by a user without root permissions - eg user:user?
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May 28, 2011
I have problem with virtual users in vsftpd. When they create folder they cant make another in than folder, or for example they cant see files they upload in that directory...That write permision i try to change in their config file, with every combination of local_umask and file_open mode values. How can I handle that. I want that virtual user who creates directory (in their root directory) have all privilages to that folder and all content in that folder.
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Nov 17, 2010
I've just read that I can't change the file permissions of files and folders if they are sitting in what was my old Windows D: drive. Is this correct? If so what is the work-around?
I don't want to have to cut and paste that entire D: drive's contents over to a recognised Ubuntu folder. I had in my mind that this D drive would continue to be my data dumping ground, to which I need read/write access to.
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Jul 17, 2010
I've created a new group and a new user called dftp... Now I wanna do one thing... If 'dftp' connects thru ftp he should be directed to a particular location... and he shouldn't be able to see other folder except for his own including the parent folder that contains that location... I changed dftp's home folder to the location I want. However while connecting thru ftp. user dftp has been given permissions to see other folders and check out the contents of the other folders.
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Jun 26, 2011
I have a file server running a cronjob to reset file permissions on a regular basis. I was thinking, I wonder if there is a way to do the chmod and chown command in a single command, as I always have to do both on the same folder, the way that you can do "chown root:users Uploads" instead of having to do two separate commands for chown and chgrp.
Then I got to thinking, are these commands even necessary? Every file copied or moved into these folders by any user needs to be something like "chmod 750" and "chgrp root:users", so rather than running a cronjob to do these modifications at regular intervals, there ought to be a way to set the folder permissions so that any files contained within will have these permissions.
The problem arises because users create documents, then a supervisor with elevated privileges can move those documents into a shared folder, however the permissions are wrong, they are user1:user1 for the owner and group and the other users can't read the file until a cronjob changes the group to be users. This has actually been acceptable, but certainly there is a better way to do this.
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Jul 3, 2011
my dad has been using Ubuntu for a few weeks now and likes it, however he's having some issues regarding read-only files. He's a doctor and frequently has to download word files to edit, however they always download as a read-only file. While this isn't particularly difficult to do, he finds doing it tiresome and because he isn't the most proficient PC user, may have difficulty with it when I return to school after the summer. I was hoping that there's some way to change the default settings so that all files downloaded are writeable.
Additionally, he has a number CD-RWs which he both retrieves files from and stores them to, however when trying to access these CDs he is told that they are read-only. Right clicking on the CD and trying to change the access permissions doesn't work (says that permissions can't be changed because the disc is read-only).
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Feb 5, 2010
What do the default file permissions in ubuntu 9.10 protect/deny access to?
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Mar 28, 2011
Files saved on our ubuntu server via samba server are all being created/saved as read only (-rwxr--r--). The users are MAC Users who are connecting via finder.I have taken 2 steps:First I added the lines "umask 0000" to the .bashrc files in the users' home directories.Second, I have modified the /etc/samba/smb.conf file such that I set "create mask = 0000" and also "directory mask = 0000" but the files are still being created as "-rwxr--r--".
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Nov 18, 2010
I'm just wondering: I know that umask sets the default file permissions for files, however I want to know if there is anyway to set default file permissions for newly created directories.
For example, I want my user to create new directories that anyone can access and modify (777) but I want the new files the user creates to be 755 (read by everyone, written only by user).
Is this possible?
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May 14, 2010
Does anyone know why files in /boot are world-readable (particularly the initial ram disk)? I'm not an expert, but I would not expect anyone except root or a sudoer to have the ability to read these files.
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Jun 28, 2011
When I create a new file/folder in a ext4 data partition, it has permissions:
owner: rwx
group: r
other: r
I would like to change this default to:
owner: rwx
group: rw
other: -
I tried changing fstab, but umask and guid are not supported mount options for ext4. What can I do?
Note: I know I can do a chmod, but I don't want to do this again and again for every new file I create.
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Apr 14, 2010
I am using Red Hat Linux 4 .There are some few questions in my mind related to umask. I want to know that is the default file and directory permissions ?
- When we use umask (022) command in terminal. and create a new file then the permissions applied for new file is for that session and when the system will reboot linux will take automatically its default permission from etc/bashrc or /etc/profile ?
- Can we make our own umask or the professional way is to follow 022 only ?
- What is the benefit of umask in Linux?
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Dec 4, 2009
I was working on a shell script to change the permissions of large directories and subdirectories because of an exploit discovered in the programs that run in those said directories that allow a client to upload and download files to the server. Loan behold I accidentally added a space and had something along the lines of "chmod -R 770 ." run on / logged in as root.
Yes, it was an incredibly noob move on my part, but nothing ventured nothing gained. I am surprisingly calm about this. I tried sliding in my CentOS installation disk and "Upgrading" CentOS but that only made it worse, beforehand I made everything owned by root so I could at least log into GNOME. This does not work for obvious reasons, namely having to change the permissions back for every user and every group, which far beyond a possibility.
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Apr 6, 2010
I have an ntfs partition that I wish to access as a normal user(non-root). For this I did the following. As root I created a folder /windows and did a chmod 777 -R on /windows. Then I added the following line to /etc/fstab
Code:
/dev/sda3 /windows ntfs-3g defaults,nosuid,nodev,umask=000 1 0
Now, the partition is mounted alright but the problem is that when any other user (non-root) creates a files in /windows (say by executing touch newfile) the newly created file has the owner and group set as root. The non-root user can create the file and he can also delete the file, however, he cannot change the permissions of the file and also the owner:group is always set as root:root. How do I get across this problem, i.e. how do I mount a partition, so that a non-root user can also change the permissions and ownerships of the files he creates.
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May 11, 2010
on certain folders on a samba-server I would like to allow everyone everything.(Note: This refers to the filesystem-permissions. External security is cared for by samba. No problem here)That means: every local user and every remote user should be able to fully create, delete and modify every file in certain folders and all subfolder of these folders. This should include file contents and timestamps and permissions. And it should include modifying files owned by someone else, again meaning create/delete/modify/timestamp etc.
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Oct 15, 2010
Why am I trying to create folders in the file system you ask? I'm messing around with Drupal and I want to add some modules. So I need to go to the blablabla/sites/ folder and add an 'all' folder followed by a 'modules' folder.No problem, right? Wrong?It seems I don't have the rights to create folders in the file system ( which I only recently figured out is actually root. duh. )I've figured out that I was able to install all the LAMP parts because I was using 'sudo' before every command, which apparently grants me temporary rights to root? ( I think? )Sooo... what's the magic for creating folders and transferring files to my Drupal folder... which it seems requires root permissions?
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Nov 9, 2010
I have set up a dual boot system with Windows XP and Ubuntu 9.10. I have upgraded Ubuntu to the most current version available online. I'm unable to create folders or subfolders in the Linux file system. I have researched the manual and my Unbuntu Linux book and see that I should be able to click on 'File' from the menu, then 'Create Folder', and then input the new folder name, but the 'Create Folder' selection is 'grayed' out which I conclude means that it is set on inactive and unable to be used. I am able to access my Windows disk by mounting and then typing in my password, so I have Administrator privileges.
I'm able to create a new folder in Unbuntu Linux for my Windows (NTFS) files. When I installed Unbuntu, I did not see any options to have write access to the Ubuntu file system. I can create new files within the existing folders. Soon after working out my Linux problems, I will be using PHP/MySQL/Apache to do some important work, so I will need to be able to create new folders and subfolders in my Linux system. I have some urgent tasks I need to do away from my PC soon, so I will be a while before getting back to this.
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May 19, 2010
Based on Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx, Linux 2.6.32, Gnome 2.30 and Xorg 7.4, Linux Mint 9 "Isadora" features a lot of improvements and the latest software from the Open Source World. anyways, I just done a fresh install and I cannot create no folders in my own file system, anywhere? It must be permissions, because when I try in terminal I get permission errors. Also this is my first Linux install
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Mar 16, 2010
Is it possible to reset apache 2 permissions to default permissions I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 command line server, would webmin give me this access ?
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Feb 23, 2010
I have a recently setup my first linux server (hardy) and am having problems with the permissions for a log file being changed. I believe this is caused by syslogd, but am not sure how to correct it. Bacula will report it is unable to start a backup because it is unable to open the log file (/var/lib/bacula/log) "permission denied". After changing the owner from syslog to bacula, the backup will resume. However, the following day I encounter the same problem because the owner of the log has been changed back to syslog.I see where the permissions for logs are altered in sysklogd, but I am not certain how to make bacula exempt or if this is the right approach.
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Jun 9, 2010
Is it possible to have a text file somewhere that contains a list of all users that are allowed access to a given folder? This would be fantastic for file servers on a network.
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Feb 8, 2011
Is ACL the best way to ensure the permissions of newly created files? Basically I have a directory: /data/department
I've done chmod g+s on it so the group is correct on new files but I want new files to also have 775 permissions so the rest of the group can access these files fully. Currently they are created with the default 755 (which I want still every where out side of /data/department ).
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Mar 16, 2011
Trying to setup a file server for a small group of users and I am in need of help with file permissions with Ubuntu Server 10.10.
I have a single share mapping (ex /media/hdd1/share1). There are several folders that everyone will need read/write/edit permissions and there will be a few folders that all users will need read permissions and a couple of users will need read/write/edit permissions.
I have tried several things and as long as I create the folders/files through ssh using sudo, the permissions are fine, but when the users create file and folders through their computers (mixture of Windows and Mac) that user becomes the owner and no one else can write or edit those files.
I am using SAMBA and though it was a config issue with that but I logged each user directly into the server with the same issue.
I tried sudo chmod 777 /media/hdd1/share1 but all newly created files have the above issue.
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Jun 30, 2011
What is recommended way to set permissions of folders VAR/WWW for use with apache in 11.04? I would like to let the user "ABC" have access to read/write the website files in this directory. How should permissions on these files be set?
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Aug 25, 2010
I'm working on a remote Ubuntu 9.10 server, which is accessed via VPN. I installed Joomla, but had difficulty uploading new components, which I traced to a file permissions problem. I used FileZilla to FTP onto the site and tried to make the chmod changes I needed, but the commands kept failing. Eventually, I contacted the sys admin and told him I thought that there was an ownership problem with the directories. He checked and told me that I was logging in with exactly the same user name and password that he was using (it's not a live system currently) and that he could make chmod changes without any problems. Because all my attempts were still failing, he eventually did the following:
chown -R administrator:administrator /var/www
/var/www is where all the Joomla files are stored and Administrator is the user name.Now I find that when I run a chmod command in FileZilla, the server reports that it worked (see below):
Status:Connected
Status:Retrieving directory listing...
Command:CWD /etc
[code].....
However, if I go back and check the tmp folder permissions, I find that they are still set to 777.This still looks like an ownership problem to me, but I don't understand why the server seems to think that the chmod changes are working, when they aren't.
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May 27, 2010
I have ubuntu server as a guest in virtualbox and xubuntu as my host os. I have a shared folder on my host that can be accessed by my network. I'm trying to use my server without the need to install a desktop, so how would i transfer a file from my host machine to my ubuntu server guest?
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Jul 28, 2011
I have a web server set up, and for a while I just let it show the default "test" page, but now I am wanting to actually show something of my own.
I downloaded a couple templates from the internet (free ones), and copied the first one to the /var/www/html folder (including subfolders for ./images and such), and it used an index.php file, but when viewing in my browser, it showed the actual text of the file, not the graphics and images and stuff.
So I deleted those files and "installed" the second template, which uses an index.html file instead.
I am once again getting the default "Apache is running but not configured" page again, even though I have verified multiple times that the index.html file is located in /var/www/html
if I include the index.html file in the path to my website, I get a 403 Forbidden, so I'm thinking it has to do with file ownership or permissions.
I placed the files there as "root", and have tried several combinations of possible permissions (root:root is the owner:group) without any luck.
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