Ubuntu Installation :: Why There Are Multiple Kernels At GRUB
Mar 17, 2010
After I messed up badly with my netbook I have to reinstalll the OS, it is a government property netbook that came up with Edubuntu 7.04 insalled on it. I shouldn't mess with the filesystem but I did and now I have to install Edubuntu from the beginning, but I must be sure that everything will just like I have done no change, so I am afraid that I can make some mistakes at this pointThe first thing that I want to know is: Why there are multiple kernels listed at the GRUB (v 1.5)...this is the full list:
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.28.9 Default
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.28.9 Default (recovery mode)
Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.28.9
[code]....
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Jan 2, 2010
I recently installed ubuntu 9.10 and a day later updated with all the suggested security and recommended updates. Now I notice that in my Grub there are two different kernel versions listed. Are they both necessary? Can I / should I get rid of the older one, and if so, how?
I ask because after all these updates I notice my computer runs much slower, so I don't want it overloaded with unnecessary software.
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Aug 26, 2010
I have Ubuntu 8.04 (32-bits) installed on /dev/sda and Ubuntu 10.04 (64-bits) installed on /dev/sdc (this is an update from 8.04 64-bits originally installed on /dev/sdc). There is a grub on each of these two disks. Both are the old grub (prior to version 2). Here is the top kernel listing from /dev/sda:
titleUbuntu 10.04 LTS, kernel 2.6.32-24-generic (grub sur unite1)
root(hd2,0)
kernel/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic root=UUID=761c3d13-cc55-4117-934f-693766e122b6 ro quiet splash locale=fr_FR
initrd/boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-24-generic
quiet
[Code]...
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May 3, 2011
I have this strange problem on ubuntu 10.04 64 bit, that when running update-grub, it will only put the oldest kernel into the grub menu, despite the fact that I have recent kernels around as well.
in particular:
Code:
# update-grub
Searching for GRUB installation directory ... found: /boot/grub
Searching for default file ... found: /boot/grub/default
Testing for an existing GRUB menu.lst file ... found: /boot/grub/menu.lst
[code]...
I'd like to see the most recent kernels in the grub menu, with the most recent being on top.
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Aug 1, 2010
I have a grub menu with a ton of old kernel entries that I want to delete. I've scoured this forum, and haven't found anything that works. I've tried:
Code:"the easiest way to get rid of old kernels from grub is to uninstall the package, the post-install scripts will update grub
for example my current kernel is:
uname -a
Linux hemma 2.6.31-16-generic #53-Ubuntu SMP Tue Dec 8 04:02:15 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux
then remove older kernels found in /boot like this:
sudo aptitude remove linux-image-2.6.31-15-generic" When I tried that, the output showed the package being removed, but nothing was removed from the grub menu. I tried running the kernel I supposedly removed, and it wouldn't start, which is promising, but how do I get it out of the grub menu? I've also tried using Synaptic, but that didn't work either.
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Apr 24, 2011
After I used Ubuntu Tweak to delete several kernels (versions) of Ubuntu under Package Cleaner, all these deleted kernels in Ubuntu still show up whenever I start my PC as if nothing was deleted.
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Jan 25, 2010
I am using the latest Nvidia driver from their website on Ubuntu 9.10. I use 2 kernels, the standard kernel for everyday use and the realtime -rt kernel for my music work. On my desktop i have standard ubuntu and ubuntu studio installed but on my laptop its annoying having to have an external hard drive plugged in when i want to record so i just switch between kernels on a standard install. The problem is i have to reinstall the nvidia driver every time i switch between them or if the kernels get updated (which i don't mind so much). Is there any way i can install the driver so that it configures x.conf to work with both kernels without having to reinstall each time?
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Oct 27, 2010
I can't find the place to set the system to keep multiple kernels. For the first time in a long time, updates are giving me grief. I've kept the last working nvidia driver in case I need it.
Now I would like to keep one old kernel when I update to the new one. I had a lab rat that never got rid of old kernels and that was too much. It is possible to keep the last working kernel when you update, isn't it?
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Oct 4, 2010
I'm running Fedora 12 - Linux 2.6.32.21 with a boot partion on /dev/sdb3 of a hard disk.
I downloaded a vanilla kernel version 2.6.35.4 and have built it and run it successfully. I built this kernel to play with building device drivers.
My grub configuration uses the same root filesystem for my fedora installation as my vanilla 2.6.35.4 kernel; both use the LVM root filesystem. (/dev/sd4 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6)
When I'm running fedora 12 (2.6.32.21) I can see the files in /boot which contains my kernel, system-map, initramfs, grub directory, etc. I also see my vanilla kernel 2.6.35.4 and it's associated support files (map, initramfs, etc.)
My question is when I boot into my vanilla 2.6.35.4 kernel and I look in /boot, I only see my vanilla kernel and it's associated support files. No grub, no fedora kernel. If I do a df -a, I see that /dev/sdb3 is not mounted like it is when I'm running my fedora kernel. I'm confused as to what is going on here. Can anyone shed some light on this?
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Oct 12, 2010
I've been using Ubuntu for more than a year (just basic simple stuff like surfing the net or the occasional document) and in the last months I've been running into the following problem.I've been updating regularly to the latest Kernels the last one should be 2.6.32-25. However at start up Grub loads only 2.6.31-19 and below and there's no mentioning of 2.6.32 in grub.cfg while it is present in menu.lst. I tried to update grub with no success.
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Apr 16, 2011
I have GRUB to allow me to boot windows and Ubuntu, i recently noticed that my list of kernels is getting clogged up with all the updates. So i went online to try and find out how to get rid of the unwanted partitions and also how to add new ones - i am going to attempt to hackintosh, and will need to know how to add kernels. What i found out was; the boot menu in GRUB had a file that is supposed to be called 'menu.lst' (Lst not ist), and that all i needed to do was edit this, that it wouldn't delete the kernels, but that i don't need to, i only need to add and remove links to kernels on the GRUB menu. The problem is that after looking, i don't have that menu.lst file, i have a file containing the image files for 'memtest', but not for my GRUB. I am using 10.04, i don't know what version of GRUB im using but i'm using whichever one comes with 10.04. Could someone please point me in the direction of the files i need to edit or what i need to do to add and remove kernels?
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Jan 14, 2010
So today 2.6.31.17 came. to the b1tch of a cat sleeping on the keyboard, I was forced to a restart before I wanted.
Anyway why does each have have entries for :
linux-headers-2.6.31.17
linux-headers-2.6.31.17-generic
[code]...
How do I know which one I should use from the choice of 3 for the current kernelAnd if I understand which one to use, can I delete the others from the same imageAlso, in start-up manager I have choice of 4 from the drop down list?
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Jan 30, 2011
Ubuntu disappeared from grub menu after I deleted the old kernels.
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Jul 31, 2011
I ran grub-customiser to set default kernel, and saw the GFX mode setting, thinking "Hey, my monitor is native at 1440x900! I'll use that!" ...Didn't think about how the GFX card isn't initialized at that point, so my res is limited to 640x480... So the first problem was a system hang at the grub menu, with "Input Not Supported" displayed on the monitor.I changed the GFX mode back, and ran update-grub, and with a grin on my face, I rebooted. The grin went away fast, when I saw that none of the kernels showed in the grub menu, and I have only the two memtest entries. It appears that, while all the files are still intact, grub is not seeing the kernels. I had an idle partition of about 13 GB on hand, so after trying all sorts of things, I did a clean install on the little 13 GB partition. Still no dice, after doing an apt-get purge grub etc etc etc on my main Ubuntu partition, to make sure that the new grub was running. I still have only memtest, even though I can open the /boot directory and see the kernel files. I tried going into the grub command line and starting manually, but tab-complete does not suggest any of the kernel files, and tells me that the files do not exist, if I type in their full names.
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Mar 18, 2010
I am not able to log to my system as i am getting a strange message at GRUB screen even different kernels are not getting loaded. The entire thing i get is as follows: GNU GRUB version 1.97~beta4 [Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.For the first word,TAB lists possible command completions.Anywhere else TAB lists possible device/file completions.
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Nov 25, 2010
I followed the Grub 2 Basics steps to remove Grub 2 kernel listings.
However I'm stuck with 3 older versions that was completely_removed from Synaptic (kernel/headers/generic), but remain in grub.cfg.
Quote:
Here is my current grub.cfg:
(How do I remove *.14 *.21 *.22 from my menu entries Ubuntu-tweak is not an option for me. I like it old-school or with the tools at hand.)
Code:
I considered changing permissions for grub.cfg, but update-grub and new kernels will revert my changes.
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Feb 17, 2010
I'm sure there is a thread on this somewhere, but after looking though the first 100+ search results, I can't seem to find it.
After a kernel update today, I noticed that new kernels are not being added to my grub menu.lst (so consequently, I was running an older kernel).
Any obvious reason why this would happen (kernels being installed normally, with yum update)? I thought the whole process was supposed to be automagic.
Would it have anything to do with the fact that I just kept my F11 menu.lst, and added a F12 kernel to it when I installed F12 (to a separate partition), then eventually (today, finally) removed the f11 kernels from it?
Here's my menu.lst, in case it's useful:
Code:
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Jun 21, 2011
I currently am in an adventurous phase and want to try other distros while still having a reliable, stable Ubuntu installation to fall back on. I'm currently in the process of partitioning my disks, and I realized that I might have trouble booting them, as the most recently installed would control GRUB and clobber any previous GRUB setup. So what I want to know is how to go about managing everything so that only one distro, preferably Ubuntu, has control of the GRUB menu at boot up, and will still recognize the other distros on other partitions.
I plan to have three 15GB root partitions, one swap, and one home partition for each distro.
Would I create a /boot for each distro? Or create one /boot with files from each distro copied there? Or should I do something else entirely?
I just don't want the distros to interfere with each other. Also, I don't want to use VMs for this, because I want to see what a real full-performance install is like for each distro.
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Jul 9, 2011
The system came with Windows 7 installed.
After installing Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty) with Unity, I installed Xubuntu 11.04. All three OSes could be seen in the GRUB menu and I could boot any OS of choice.
Then I installed OpenSUSE 11.4. I suspect it installed legacy GRUB on the OpenSUSE root partition. Thereafter, I was not able to boot Ubuntu or Xubuntu.
I have now used a LiveCD (system rescue mode) to re-install GRUB on the MBR. However, I can only boot Win7 or Ubuntu. Can't access Xubuntu or OpenSUSE.
The results of my boot-info file are as reproduced below:
Code:
Boot Info Script 0.60 from 17 May 2011
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
[Code].....
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Jan 20, 2011
Basically my laptop did have a Windows 7 partition that came with the system(which I no longer need), a Ubuntu partition and a separate partition for storage. This was until I formatted the separate partition using Windows and it did something which gave me a file system error and would not let me boot into any os. Then because I was in a rush and had lectures in a hour I installed another Ubuntu partition of 3gb just to reinstall GRUB so I could boot into my original Ubuntu to get my files. Now I would like to delete the 3gb Ubuntu partition and the Windows partition to be left with my original Ubuntu partition and then merge the hard drive into just the one partition. My main fear before I attempt this is again destroying my GRUB. I know I have made a mess of this but would really appreciate being pointed into the right direction. I have done some searching and reading but struggled to find clearish instructions on how to do it properly.
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Jan 23, 2011
I have 3 hard drives installed to my system, 1TB, 2TB and 500GB drives with the following configuration:
ledi@ledi-ubuntu:~$ sudo parted /dev/sda print
Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD103UJ (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
[Code]...
I can boot to the Ubuntu installation in the 2TB drive. My problem reversed when I reinstalled grub to one of the Ubuntu installations in the 1TB drive. I can boot to any of the OS's in the 1TB drive, but not to the Ubuntu in the 2TB drive. The error message is the same as above. I have no idea what am I doing wrong and I would be really grateful for any assistance.
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Mar 27, 2010
Noobish question on multibooting multiple Linux distros. I have four of the current major Linux distributions. Each has been installed and run individually (no other Linux distribution installed) in a dual-boot configuration with Windoze. No problem.
What I want to do is install all four Linux distributions and multiboot them. Reading the internet it would seem this is a simple task with GRUB. The short version being - install a Linux distro with a separate /boot partition for GRUB and use GRUB to boot the other Linux distros from the GRUB boot menu.
So I installed one of the Linux distros with a separate partition for /boot. The distro installer installed GRUB in /boot and correctly setup a dual-boot configuration with Windoze. GRUB was installed to the MBR. Next I installed a second Linux distro in its own root partition and told the distros installer NOT to install GRUB to the MBR, but rather, to the boot sector of the root partion of the second Linux distro. Installation was uneventful (and I could access the second Linux partition from the first installed Linux distro, things looked ok). Then I added to following to the installed (MBR - /boot) GRUB's menu.lst:
Code: title lixux distro 2
root (hd0,7)
chainloader +1 After which I rebooted the system and the new entry for the second Linux distro now appears in the GRUB boot menu. I selected the second Linux distro from the boot menu and got the following GRUB error: Error 5 : Partition table invalid or corrupt
[Code]....
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Nov 25, 2010
i'm having a problem with every single kernel upgrade since 2.6.32-21.I'm currently upgraded to 10.10 using GRUB2 and LVM disk configuration and all newer kernels (up to the latest 2.6.35-23) crash with the following errors:/init: .: line 61: can't open '/scripts/functions'Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!Pid: 1, comm: init not taintedI've already double checked all the entries in GRUB regarding paths, etc and i can't seem to find any difference between the working 2.6.32.21 and all the others
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May 10, 2010
I just installed 10.04 over my previous dual boot with Windows7 and 9.10. Went well. Now, in the Grub2 menu, there are like 14 kernels. I tried to find them in Synaptic to delete them, but they are not there! So, I went to grub.cfg and deleted the entries, updated grub, and they were back! How do I get rid of these entries?
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Oct 20, 2010
I did a "dirty install" of Maverick over my existing Lucid system. That went very well and I am having no problems with Maverick. However, this morning, I decided to clean off the old Lucid kernels. In the past, after installing a new kernel on the same Ubuntu release, I have done this by running "aptitude search 2.6.32-24", for example, then running "sudo aptitude purge" for the kernel and header files it found.
Now that I have changed releases, aptitude no longer finds the Lucid kernels installed on my system, even though they still reside in the file system and show up on the grub2 menu. So, how do I manually find everything necessary to delete for the old Lucid kernels?
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Apr 12, 2011
Just curious as to why this would be happening, but I had been running on the Lucid kernel 2.6.32-28-generic. And when I looked in Synaptic, I noticed there were kernels 29 and 30 available. I manually installed them and deleted the older ones I had - 27 and 28. I believe I have all of the generic Lucid software sources and I get updates for everything else. Just curious as to why these kernels were not available to be installed automatically.
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May 5, 2010
The title's not especially clear, so I'll post a screenshot of what's happening. The upgrade keeps finding instances of the same kernel; the list in the terminal is constantly scrolling down, finding 'new' instances.
It's been doing this for about half an hour now. BTW, upgrading from 64bit 9.10 to 64bit 10.04.
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Jun 9, 2011
I have recently installed the Maverick backport kernel (2.6.35 - from the lucid-updates/main repo) and while I was at it I also manually (through synaptic) got rid of some old kernels. I made sure that I kept the current Lucid kernel though (that was working fine). All seemed well (although I didn't actually check - just no errors) so I rebooted.On reboot I have lost all my Ubuntu kernel options!
I rebooted with a live cd, mounted, etc and ran
Code:
sudo update-grub
but it doesn't seem to find any kernels!
Code:
grub-install --recheck --root-directory=/media/mnt /dev/sda
Checked /boot to see if the kernels are there:
Code:
jed@lightning:/boot$ ls
abi-2.6.32-31-generic memtest86+.bin
abi-2.6.32-32-generic System.map-2.6.32-31-generic
[code]....
Even reinstalled burg (used to use it but it got broken by a kernel update long ago and never bothered to fix it as I only use Linux these days anyway)Funny thing is that BURG finds the kernels and reports no problem, but then drops to the grub-error prompt on boot.
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Aug 5, 2011
I upgraded to 2.6.35-30.56 last night and now my system's a little flaky. Everything seems to be running ever-so-slightly slower and fullscreen flash is now choppy. The weird thing is the Grub menu upon bootup only shows the latest kernel, but not the previous kernels. Doing an "ls" of the /boot folder only shows this newest kernel. I'd like to revert back to the previous kernel but don't know how.
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Oct 19, 2010
I am using a Dell XPS m1330 with ubuntu Maverick 10.10 and with a Nvidia card. Recently I wanted to add plymouth support to my boot screens via this script: [URL].... but maybe i did something that ruined my pc and now, in GRUB, i can only see recovery kernels. The situation is this: in grub i see
linux recovery kernel 1
linux recovery kernel 2 (old one)
memtest
windows 7
My "normal" linux kernels disappeared. When I want to boot linux I use a recovery kernel, then I simply hit "resume" in the process, do the textual login and than use the command "startx" to start the system. However i'm getting no Plymouth and no normal boot. I have already tried to fix grub recreating the linux kernels, but they just don't show.
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