Ubuntu Installation :: How To Setup Software RAID1
Sep 27, 2010
I recently set up an old desktop computer on my home network for use as a file server. I installed Ubuntu 10.04 Server on it and I'm slowly learning how to make it do what I want (I'm used to the GUI, so this is a bit of a jump for me).My plans are to put two 1.5TB hard drives in the computer (there's already a 160GB with the OS installed) and put them in a RAID1 configuration. This, as I understand it, will write all data to both drives, creating two identical drives. I'll only have 1.5TB total space for backup, but if one of the hard drives die, I can replace it without losing any data.
Hopefully I understand all that correctly. Now, my questions are how to actually set a RAID configuration up. I don't have a controller or anything, assuming I could do it off the two SATA ports in the motherboard (the 160GB is IDE) in software RAID.Once I have the two hard drives set up in RAID1, how do I allow the house to access the file storage?We're all on Windows 7 computers.If one of the hard drives fail, how will I know? Can I set it up so I receive some sort of notification? Also, how does the replacement process work; can I just pop the broken drive out and put a similar one in? Do I need to readjust any settings after replacing one?
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Dec 15, 2010
So I didn't notice when I setup my CentOS 5.5 server that I left / as RAID 0 on md1. All the rest are RAID 1. Is there a way I can modify the array to RAID 1 without a risk of data loss? I'm glad I caught this before I setup any other services. I've only setup smb so far...
[root@ftpserver ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md1 16G 3.0G 13G 20% /
[code]....
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Jun 21, 2010
I have a i3 processor and MSI p55-cd53 motherboard. My problem is fedora cannot detect the 2nd SATA, so that I can configure raid1.
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Aug 14, 2010
I searched, and unfortunately all that did was raise my confusion level on this. "Grub"? "mdadm"? "fake"?, S/Wraid? Disk utility? So many options, so little understanding! Relevant stuff (Mostly reported by "Disk utility"):
- Lucid Lynx. PATA host adaptor -> IDE controller -> Maxtor 164GB H/D [I *think* this has Windoze on it, but can't remember!] There's also a CD & DVD drive on this IDE bus. PATA host adaptor -> SATA controller -> Seagate 500GB H.D. - The Ubuntu boot drive, currently a 250GB ext4 partition, 3GB swap and 250GB "unused".Peripiheral devices -> Firewire 400 -> 2 x Samsung 500GB H/D's. These were "stolen" from my Mac Book and are currently a RAID1 Apple array. Everything they contained is safely backed up, and these can be considered as "new" drives awaiting formatting. [It's actually a Buffalo Drivestation Duo, but their site was even more confusing than here.
everything is working wonderfully, but I'd like to use the 2 F/W drives in a RAID1 array - So, eventually to the question: How do I tell Ubuntu to use these drives as a RAID array? It seems I can format and partition etc from disk utility. Do I then use mdadm for configuration? Any other recommendations?
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May 23, 2011
I have a nas / server running Slackware64-13.37 with two raid arrays, one with 3x500GB disks and the other with 2x2TB disks. I also have 1x80GB hdd which contains the os. I found a spare 250GB hdd from my closet and want to set up raid1 array from os hdd and that spare drive.I know that I can't make use of the extra 170GB of space but I don't care as long as I have working installation on the other disk if that 80GB hdd breaks. How can I set up that kind of raid1 without losing any data?
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Jun 1, 2010
I just tried to install with Ubuntu 10.04 AMD64 Alternate on RAID1 and Encryption but after reboot the screen just stays black.
my system is a AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual Core 4200+ on a Abit AN-M2HD Motherboard, and 2 HDs each 250.1 GB
i split the HD into
* 50GB for /
* 200GB for /home
* 1GB for swap
all get a RAID1
/home is encrypted with passphrase (Twofish 256, cbc-essiv:sha256)
swap is encrypted with random (Blowfish 128, cbc-essiv:sha256)
where can i check RAID and hardware compatibility?
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Oct 10, 2010
I just made a complete reinstall of my fileserver. After the installation the system cannot autostart my Raid1. For some reason it seams that only one of the identical disks are found by mdadm"disk utility" states "not running, partially assembled"If i immediately stop the raid in the disk utility I can restart it and mount it.some diagnosticsmdadm.confQuote:
# by default, scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) for MD superblocks.
# alternatively, specify devices to scan, using wildcards if desired.
DEVICE partitions
[code]....
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Aug 1, 2011
I just installed Ubuntu server edition to my computer (brand new, no OS) and finished installation. In the terminal I used apt-get ubuntu-desktop to install a desktop interface.In my rig, I have two 500GB HDDs. I set them up through my computer BIOS as RAID1 drives, yet as I understand I still need to configure the Ubuntu software raid for it to work correctly. Unfortunately, I already partitioned my drives! I used the easy way (guided with LVM or whatever) and let it do it for me. Now, RAID1 is very important to me! Is there anyway to repartition the disks to use RAID1, or do I need to wipe my computer and reinstall Ubuntu?
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Jul 29, 2010
I have built a small test server. I am planing on using this machine a an email and web server to test out its hosting capacities. in the future I will build a larger and more well equipped version.
AMD Athlon x2 2.0ghz
2 160gb SATA drives (hardware raid 1, done through the Motherboard)
2 gb ram (dual channel)
Like I said small test server. I am trying to install 10.04 server edition. When I get to the point of partitioning it asks me to activate the raid so I do. I get through the guided partitioning and get ready to write the file system to the drives and the screen goes red and says that it has failed. On a side note, this works if i install it on the same drives without any raid configuration.
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Feb 24, 2011
I'm sorry if this is the wrong section and if there is another thread on the matter. I searched but couldn't find threads with my specific problem. I've just installed Ubuntu 10.10 Server 64 bit which I intend to use as a internal file server.
The hdd setup is:
500gb system disk
1tb storage
2tb storage (2*2tb using built-in motherboard hardware RAID1) When the installation was complete and the computer rebooted I got an error message saying "error: no such disk". After re-installation I got the same message and I then tried disconnecting all the storage devices and it booted perfectly. I then tried connecting up the 1tb drive and again it booted as it should. But when I re-connected the RAID:ed disks the error message re-appeared.
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May 15, 2011
I would like to move a samba fileserver from ClearOS5 to Ubuntu. It has raid1 (software) and I would like to save one partition from it, md3. The other partitions could be used for Ubuntu. How would I go about this so that I don't erase data from md3 and is it even possible?
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Sep 28, 2009
I am using CentOS 5.2. I am installing from disc on a machine with Intel Embedded Server Raid Technology. It has two 500 GB SATA drives. During the initial boot process, it sees that these two devices exist. However, after getting into the screen to partition and configure RAID, it just shows this:
Drive /dev/mapper/ddf1_MegaSR R! #0 (475879 MB) (Model: Linux device-mapper)
I want to do a RAID1 so that the disks are mirrored. However, I would expect to see both drives listed. I can select RAID to create RAID partitions, but I think I need to be able to see both drives in order to do this correctly.
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Nov 19, 2010
Like it says in the title, I am thinking it should be this hard to install the RAID1 array in my brand new PC. Here is what is happening. I have two brand new 1TB drives that I am attempting a new, fresh install of 10.10 on (in fact, the entire box is new). I am attempting to use the alternate desktop install so that I can have access to the manual partitioning (which is required to setup RAID 1, correct?).
I tried to use the guide here: [URL]... I followed the steps, but when I got the the very end (after selecting and creating the MDs) I get an error message stating that there is no root file system defined. I went back and checked all the steps and I am sure I followed everything in the guide.
Here are some quirks (not sure if they are bugs or not) In step 5 of the disc partitioning, it says to select the bootable flag and set it to yes (I am assuming). I press enter over that options, the screen flashes really quickly to a progress bar, but then comes back to the options screen and it still says bootable flag is off. No matter how many times I do it is says "off".
Also, and here is the bigger problem I think. - So the guide says to select the free space in each drive and then select Automatically Partition the free space, which I do, and it comes back and looks formatted accordingly - has 975.6 GB ext4 / and 24.6 GB swap swap. No Problem there.
BUT - whenever I do the same thing to the second drive, the partitions on the first seem to disappear. Meaning, it doesn't say free space, and has two partitions listed, but the / and the swap (last items in each row) have moved to the second drive partitions. I am not sure if this is how it is supposed to be since the pictures in the linked guide to not show what it looks like after that. THis is driving me crazy and I have to have it set up in RAID 1 and unsure as to what it is I am missing.
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May 21, 2011
I have been running dual boots for a long time and never had a problem installing Ubuntu.I now tried to install Ubuntu Studio on my performance machine, a DELL Studio XPS, which has (had?) a RAID1 configaration.I got stuck in the partitioning and tried to abandon, which left me with maybe nothing... When I tried to reboot, my machine started Windows but then "autochk program not found". And I am lost for what to do...
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Dec 14, 2010
I fail to install OpenSuse 11.3 with Raid-1. What I do: Partitioning -> Expert. sda1 type RAID do not format / mount, sda2 /(root) type RAID do not format / mount, sda3 /home type RAID do not format/mount. Clone disk to sdb. Raid -> add md126p1 type swap mount to swap, add->md126p2 type etx4 mount to /(root), md126p3 type ext4 mount to /home. Bootloader: GRUB, boot from MBR enabled, boot from / disabled. After installation the system does not boot and grub reports error that the specified filesystem can not be found.
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Mar 12, 2011
I've read many of the postings on ICH10R and grub but none seem to give me the info I need. Here's the situation: I've got an existing server on which I was running my RAID1 pair boot/root drive on an LSI based RAID chip; however there are system design issues I won't bore you with that mean I need to shift this RAID pair to the fakeraid (which happens to most reliably come up sda, etc). So far I've been able to configure the fakeraid pair as 'Adaptec' and build the RAID1 mirror with new drives; it shows up just fine in the BIOS where I want it.
Using a pre-prepared 'rescue' disk with lots of space, I dd'd the partitions from the old RAID device; then I rewired things, rebooted, fired up dmraid -ay and got the /dev/mapper/ddf1_SYS device. Using cfdisk, I set up three extended partitions to match the ones on the old RAID; mounted them; loopback mounted the images of the old partitions; then used rsync -aHAX to dup the system and home to the new RAID1 partitions. I then edited the /etc/fstab to change the UUID's; likewise the grub/menu.list (This is an older system that does not have the horror that is grub2 installed) I've taken a look at the existing initrd and believe it is all set up to deal with dmraid at boot. So that leaves only the grub install. Paranoid that I am, I tried to deal with this:
dmraid -ay
mount /dev/mapper/ddf1_SYS5 /newsys
cd /newsys
[code]....
and I get messages about 'does not have any corresponding BIOS drive'. I tried editing grub/device.conf, tried --recheck and any thing else I could think of, to no avail. I have not tried dd'ing an mbr to sector 0 yet as I am not really sure whether that will kill info set up by the fakeraid in the BIOS. I might also add that the two constituent drives show up as /dev/sda and /dev/sdb and trying to use either of those directly results in the same error messages from grub. Obviously this sort of thing is in the category of 'kids don't try this at home', but I have more than once manually put a unix disk together one file at a time, so much of the magic is not new to me.
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Jan 6, 2011
I have the following configuration:
2xHDD 300GB RAID1 - OS part
2xHDD 1TB RAID1 - data part.
Both arrays were created inside the bios-like setup.
During the installation of fedora I "checkboxed" only the 300GB OS raid and used it for the installation. Everything is ok with it. After installation finished and I rebooted, I tried to initialize my second RAID1, that's 1TB - I was able, it was OK, I created 1 max-size filesystem there and put some data in it. After reboot this filesystem didn't want to mount for some reason - so I commented it in fstab and to my surprise, when I reached linux - the partition for it doesn't exist!!! Here is some data:
Code:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md125 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdc[1] sdd[0]
976759808 blocks super external:/md127/0 [2/2] [UU]
[Code]....
My guess would be that I am not fully and properly initializing the second array, (it's marked as auto read only in cat /proc/mdstat) but I'm not sure how to proceed.
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May 20, 2010
Compared to my laptop notebook with a HD of 5400rpm, the write performance of raid1 on an ubuntu lucid server is unacceptable. In the begining, I installed ubuntu 9.04 server(alternate) using raid1 with two WD 1TB HDs of 7200rpm(Green Power) and then performed dist upgrade to 9.10 and then to 10.04.
I guess the write performance initially was reasonable since the installation and data migration(copy from another computer over LAN) didn't take too much time. However, after upgrading the server to 9.10 or so, I found large file upload through samba or ftp tends to block and time out. It is of no use whether to change the daemon or the client program so that I tried to test the read/write performance on the server to figure out the situation.
To my surprise, using strace I found even a simple program like cp would easily get blocked eventually in a write() system call for decades of seconds. Hence, I perform another disk writing test using dd for data size ranging from 50MB to 1GB. Performance test commands are listed as follows:
Quote: dd if=/dev/zero of=test.img count=[5|10|15|20|100] bs=10M
if the data to write is equal or fewer than 150MB, the command returns immediately at very hight speed but the raid disks starts to sync and busy so that the terminal prompt seems to freeze. I think this behavior is normal under the raid1 configuration, isn't it?
But when the data size is equal to 200MB, the test command blocks for seconds and the write speed is measured at about 16.6MB/s. Of course, the raid disk still starts to sync and busy afterwards. Next, I test writing with data of size 1GB. The command blocks so long for about 770 seconds(<2MB/s) while the same test runs for only 17.49 seconds(60MB/s) on my laptop.
I also burn a Lucid LiveCD to boot the server and mount the raid device to run the test again but the results remain similar. Does that means even I re-install the system on the raid, the problem never disappears?
PS: the disks run under the mode of UDMA6 without change.
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May 3, 2011
Followed steps 2-5 and purged/reinstalled grub now it boots as it should, NO idea where it was messed up.[URL].. I had 9.10 running in raid1 and upgraded my hardware (cpu, mb, memory etc) and wanted to do a fresh install of 10.04 to get updated. After following the various guides online such as [URL]...It begins to load grub and drops to a "grub> " shell. Which I have to do the following to get it to boot.
Code:
set root=(md1)
linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/md1 ro
initrd /initrd.img
boot
Then it boots up normally and I can use it like any other desktop. I've been over my grub.cfg and /etc/defaut/grub files and cannot find the issue. At this point I'm wondering if the fact it's a raid1 setup is keeping grub from finding it's files.
[Code]...
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Jul 26, 2014
I have a VIA Epia M 5000 system with 2 western digital 1TB NAS SATA drives connected through SATA<->IDE adapter. Everything installs and writes as expected except... grub. It never boots, after a message 'Grub loading' I always get 'error: no such disk'. I've tried numerous times and has been attemping to fix the issue for the past 2 days.
/dev/sda
0.999TB 0xfd linux raid autodetect partition
1GB 0xfd linux raid autodetect, logical partition
/dev/sdb exactly the same
0.999TB 0xfd linux raid autodetect partition
1GB 0xfd linux raid autodetect
/dev/md0
RAID1 of /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1
marked as ext4, boot point /
/dev/md1
RAID1 of /dev/sda5 and /dev/sdb5
marked as swap
update-grub2 in rescue mode generates grub.cfg with SET root=/mduuid/UUID_OF_SDA1
then after that there's search --no-floppy etc --set root=/mduuid/UUID_OF_MD0
I'm writing this from memory but simply the two uuids are different. Is this correct? I get those UUIDs to compare from blkid. All partitions are marked as bootable. grub-install /dev/sda and grub-install /dev/sdb produces no errors. grub-install /dev/md0 does not work, complains about superblocks or something similar.
Grub.cfg file contains insmod raid mdraid1x and similar lines, so that should be ok. Grub drops to rescue mode with message error: no such disk. Not device, but disk. Google finds many results for 'no such device' error, but I am not getting that error. 'ls' produces
(hd0) (hd0,msdos1) (hd1) (hd1,msdos1) ls ANY_VALID_PATH produces empty newline being printed, nothing more.
setting prefixes manually does not work, with error message 'error: file not found'. ls (hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub also produces empty line being printed. Rescue CD and auto-assemble of md0 and md1 works, the files are there, everything okay, except grub.
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Apr 27, 2011
i am trying to install openbravo on my server.I have installed all the pre-requisites as ANT, JDK(though i installed JRE).
Everything goes fine untill the ant setup and then running the setup-prerequisites...file (don't remember the exact name).
As soon as i issue ant install.source it ends up with some errors..
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Feb 18, 2010
I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 and previously had a separate partition with another distro on it. I decided to delete the other distro's home and swap partitions and install XP in place of it. I've been following these instructions: [URL] and [URL] I have gotten to the point where I am booting to the XP CD and want to install it, but I get the message, "Setup did not find any hard disks installed on your computer" when I should be getting to the screen that asks me to select a partition to install XP on. This is what my HDD looks like in GParted:
I want to install XP in the unallocated partition, but I have a feeling I screwed up somewhere along the way and probably don't fully understand the whole thing. Even if I try to format the unallocated partition to NTFS I can't make it a primary partition (I assume because it's within sda2). The very last thing I want to do is delete my Ubuntu partition and start from scratch, but if that's my last option let me know.
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Apr 1, 2010
I'm building a NAS with xubuntu and I've put 2x1,5TB disks in RAID1 with mdadm. My question is really straightforward: do you have any advice for some special tuning/configuration for the RAID setup? Somewhere I read that I should disable disk caching, but I would like to have some more opinions.
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Feb 15, 2010
I tried setting up my own partition table which apparently didn't go well.I have 1 compactflash-disk for linux and 2 hard drives for data which are set up for RAID1. But the RAID-drives doesn't get mounted.This is my first RAID-setup
Code:
me@server:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
[code]...
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Dec 23, 2010
I have two disks from a old computer (now it doesn't exist anymore). They were in raid 1 with this configuration:
Code:
----------------
| disk 1 | disk 2
----------------
| OS
----------------
| |
| raid 1 | raid 1
| |
----------------
There is probably an error in one of the two disks, however raid 1 should allow we to restore data. So now I can physically mount this disks on a machine with ubuntu (ubuntu is on another disk). My question is: how can I restore data from disks? I think that using mdadm is not enough.
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Dec 1, 2010
Is there a way to setup a separate /home partition during a new installation of Ubuntu? If so, how. I've found guides about how to do it after installation, but it seems there ought to be a way to do it that way from the very beginning.
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Aug 11, 2010
intending to set up an all-in-one server, i threw in the ubuntu server 10.04 (amd64) cd. during the text-install, i set up the device-topology below, and it worked.
[Code]....
then i tested my raid by hot-pulling off the sda wire (ouch). worked fine, system still worked, and it also managed rebooting from the left sdb (which of course showed up being sda, lacking the first drive). now i am trying to recover this pre-crash state. adding the first disk (showing up as sdb), i can add it to md0 and let it start syncronizing for 2 hours. but... i can?t boot anymore with the recovered first disk being sda...
at first, booting got stuck in an initrd-prompt after complaining it couldn?t find my sys-logical volume. after a lot of trial and error i don?t even get any complaints, just a black screen which would let me wait for a boot for weeks... so, my system does not boot from my first disk, whether i plug in the second or not. my second disk still boots. my last attempt to get booting fine again has been: zero sda?s first and last gigabyte to kill any ids duplicate sdb?s first cylinder to sda to make it bootable reinitialize sdb?s part.table using command o in fdisk for a new disk-id recreate sda1 partition add sda1 to md0
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Sep 8, 2010
I did a search and couldn't find anything pertaining to this - if I've missed something please direct me in the right direction We have an Ubuntu box set up as a headless office server (latest desktop install of Ubuntu) and we recently set up two 1TB HDDs in a RAID1 array using mdadm - as far as I can tell it worked successfully and created /dev/md0 with an ext3 file system. After sharing the drive I can see it from the other office computers and could transfer data to and from the RAID array just fine.
I didn't figure out how to get it to automatically mount on boot so I restarted it to see if it would do so by default - however, when I restarted I couldn't see the RAID array any longer on the desktop and it came up as a 0.0kb RAID array in Disk Utility, saying it was broken. It wouldn't let me check it until I stopped and restarted the array.
After restarting I hit "check array" and it appears to be repairing the drives. What have I missed? What happened here? How can I fix it? What other info can I provide to assist:
sudo blkid shows:
/dev/sda1: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="ext3" (system HDD)
/dev/sda5: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdc1: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb1: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/md0: UUID: "<snip>" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
disk utility: RAID Array: Mirror (RAID-1), Metadata version 0.90.0, Partitioning: Not Partitioned, Components: 2...
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Jan 5, 2011
I had a thread earlier asking for help installing Ubuntu Server to my homemade atom based NAS, but I gave up on that (GUI's are more helpful to me ) and so now I'm running Ubuntu 10.10 Desktop 64bit edition.Last night I was finally able to get mdadm set up. I have two 1TB disks set up in RAID1 config. I used
Code:
sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
to create the array, and then waited until it finished assembling. Then I used System>Administration>Disk
[code]....
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Aug 10, 2011
I have bought a ICYBOX IB-NAS4220-B a while ago and kept getting issues with it (going down and not restarting, very slow etc). 2 weeks ago one more issue arose and I couldn't restart or reconnect to the box so decided to take the disks out and recover my data to a 5BIG Lacie. The IcyBox uses a software RAID1 and format drives in EXT3. Being a Linux system I thought I could easily recover data from an Ubuntu box so installed the latest version as CD boot wouldn't give me satisfactory results. I am now stuck with both 1TB drive plugged into my Ubuntu machine and can't seem to be able to mount the drives.
[Code]....
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