I'm building a NAS with xubuntu and I've put 2x1,5TB disks in RAID1 with mdadm. My question is really straightforward: do you have any advice for some special tuning/configuration for the RAID setup? Somewhere I read that I should disable disk caching, but I would like to have some more opinions.
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I'm a beginner + in debian (ie I know how to launch basic command under a shell), and I very new to configuration problem.I have a running perfectly file server for probably more than 2 years that I never touch. That's the debian problem, when it's unning, it's forever, no reboot at all.I recently bought 2 new sata drive 1TB5, that I add to my system by adding to my old system a SATA PCI board without any problem.But, one of these 3 month old drive is already dead.So I try to replace it and that's where problem started.....First I did a#mdadm --manage /dev/md1 --remove /dev/sdb1, of course without sucess because sdb is dead
#mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 00.90.03
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We have the following server at collocation: [URL]
Provider's technicians were working for 3 hrs but finally were unable to set up hardware RAID1 on it.
What could prevent them from doing it? Is it difficult to set up RAID1? It is mentionned as basic function in specifications.
They said debian not booting after raid configured...
Recently tried to make RAID1 on MBR partitions scheme on Debian Jessie - debian-8.1.0-amd64-DVD-1. The issue - I have unable to boot from second drive after grub-install /dev/sdb by any ways. RAID1 itself for / swap and home is fully functional. Decided to try the same thing on GPT, same story. How to boot from second drive on most recent Debian Branches?
View 9 Replies View RelatedI tried setting up my own partition table which apparently didn't go well.I have 1 compactflash-disk for linux and 2 hard drives for data which are set up for RAID1. But the RAID-drives doesn't get mounted.This is my first RAID-setup
Code:
me@server:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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I have two disks from a old computer (now it doesn't exist anymore). They were in raid 1 with this configuration:
Code:
----------------
| disk 1 | disk 2
----------------
| OS
----------------
| |
| raid 1 | raid 1
| |
----------------
There is probably an error in one of the two disks, however raid 1 should allow we to restore data. So now I can physically mount this disks on a machine with ubuntu (ubuntu is on another disk). My question is: how can I restore data from disks? I think that using mdadm is not enough.
intending to set up an all-in-one server, i threw in the ubuntu server 10.04 (amd64) cd. during the text-install, i set up the device-topology below, and it worked.
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then i tested my raid by hot-pulling off the sda wire (ouch). worked fine, system still worked, and it also managed rebooting from the left sdb (which of course showed up being sda, lacking the first drive). now i am trying to recover this pre-crash state. adding the first disk (showing up as sdb), i can add it to md0 and let it start syncronizing for 2 hours. but... i can?t boot anymore with the recovered first disk being sda...
at first, booting got stuck in an initrd-prompt after complaining it couldn?t find my sys-logical volume. after a lot of trial and error i don?t even get any complaints, just a black screen which would let me wait for a boot for weeks... so, my system does not boot from my first disk, whether i plug in the second or not. my second disk still boots. my last attempt to get booting fine again has been: zero sda?s first and last gigabyte to kill any ids duplicate sdb?s first cylinder to sda to make it bootable reinitialize sdb?s part.table using command o in fdisk for a new disk-id recreate sda1 partition add sda1 to md0
I did a search and couldn't find anything pertaining to this - if I've missed something please direct me in the right direction We have an Ubuntu box set up as a headless office server (latest desktop install of Ubuntu) and we recently set up two 1TB HDDs in a RAID1 array using mdadm - as far as I can tell it worked successfully and created /dev/md0 with an ext3 file system. After sharing the drive I can see it from the other office computers and could transfer data to and from the RAID array just fine.
I didn't figure out how to get it to automatically mount on boot so I restarted it to see if it would do so by default - however, when I restarted I couldn't see the RAID array any longer on the desktop and it came up as a 0.0kb RAID array in Disk Utility, saying it was broken. It wouldn't let me check it until I stopped and restarted the array.
After restarting I hit "check array" and it appears to be repairing the drives. What have I missed? What happened here? How can I fix it? What other info can I provide to assist:
sudo blkid shows:
/dev/sda1: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="ext3" (system HDD)
/dev/sda5: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdc1: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/sdb1: UUID: "<snip>" TYPE="linux_raid_member"
/dev/md0: UUID: "<snip>" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
disk utility: RAID Array: Mirror (RAID-1), Metadata version 0.90.0, Partitioning: Not Partitioned, Components: 2...
I recently set up an old desktop computer on my home network for use as a file server. I installed Ubuntu 10.04 Server on it and I'm slowly learning how to make it do what I want (I'm used to the GUI, so this is a bit of a jump for me).My plans are to put two 1.5TB hard drives in the computer (there's already a 160GB with the OS installed) and put them in a RAID1 configuration. This, as I understand it, will write all data to both drives, creating two identical drives. I'll only have 1.5TB total space for backup, but if one of the hard drives die, I can replace it without losing any data.
Hopefully I understand all that correctly. Now, my questions are how to actually set a RAID configuration up. I don't have a controller or anything, assuming I could do it off the two SATA ports in the motherboard (the 160GB is IDE) in software RAID.Once I have the two hard drives set up in RAID1, how do I allow the house to access the file storage?We're all on Windows 7 computers.If one of the hard drives fail, how will I know? Can I set it up so I receive some sort of notification? Also, how does the replacement process work; can I just pop the broken drive out and put a similar one in? Do I need to readjust any settings after replacing one?
I had a thread earlier asking for help installing Ubuntu Server to my homemade atom based NAS, but I gave up on that (GUI's are more helpful to me ) and so now I'm running Ubuntu 10.10 Desktop 64bit edition.Last night I was finally able to get mdadm set up. I have two 1TB disks set up in RAID1 config. I used
Code:
sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
to create the array, and then waited until it finished assembling. Then I used System>Administration>Disk
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I just installed Ubuntu server edition to my computer (brand new, no OS) and finished installation. In the terminal I used apt-get ubuntu-desktop to install a desktop interface.In my rig, I have two 500GB HDDs. I set them up through my computer BIOS as RAID1 drives, yet as I understand I still need to configure the Ubuntu software raid for it to work correctly. Unfortunately, I already partitioned my drives! I used the easy way (guided with LVM or whatever) and let it do it for me. Now, RAID1 is very important to me! Is there anyway to repartition the disks to use RAID1, or do I need to wipe my computer and reinstall Ubuntu?
View 5 Replies View RelatedI have bought a ICYBOX IB-NAS4220-B a while ago and kept getting issues with it (going down and not restarting, very slow etc). 2 weeks ago one more issue arose and I couldn't restart or reconnect to the box so decided to take the disks out and recover my data to a 5BIG Lacie. The IcyBox uses a software RAID1 and format drives in EXT3. Being a Linux system I thought I could easily recover data from an Ubuntu box so installed the latest version as CD boot wouldn't give me satisfactory results. I am now stuck with both 1TB drive plugged into my Ubuntu machine and can't seem to be able to mount the drives.
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I created a raid1 disk with Disk Utilities on with Karmic, then upgraded my system to Lucid then Maverick. This Raid disk is just a data store, I'm not booting off of it. when I reboot the raid1 disk does not start. I have to go into Disk Utilities, stop the array and then start it. Then it comes up and I can mount it. I ran dpkg-reconfigure mdadm and it created a valid entry in mdadm.conf. but the array still does not start on boot. I want to have it auto mount with fstab but need to make sure the array starts first.
View 12 Replies View RelatedI'm trying to set up a RAID1 partition on my Ubuntu 9.10 workstation.On this dual-boot system, Ubuntu is running from a separate drive (/dev/sdc - an SSD that is quite small, which is why I need more disk space). Besides that, there are two traditional 500 GB hard drives, which have Windows 7 installed (I want to keep the Windows installation intact), and about half of the space unallocated. This space is where I want to set up a single, large RAID1 partition for Linux.
(This, to my understanding, would be software RAID, whereas the Windows partitions are on hardware RAID - I hope this isn't a problem... Edit: See Peter's comment. I guess this shouldn't be a problem since I see both drives separately on Linux.)On both disks, /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, I created, using fdisk, identical new partitions of type "Linux raid autodetect" to fill up the unallocated space.
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 10 80293+ de Dell Utility
/dev/sda2 * 11 106 768000 7 HPFS/NTFS
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But so is "Device or resource busy" when trying to create the RAID array. Quite strange.
Update: Could the device mapper have something to do with this? How do /dev/mapper and dmraid relate to all this mdadm stuff anyway? Both provide software RAID, but.. differently? Sorry for my ignorance here. Under /dev/mapper/ there are some device files that, I think, somehow match the 3 Windows RAID partitions (sd{a,b}1 through sd{a,b}3). I don't know why there are four of these arrays though.
$ ls /dev/mapper/
control isw_dgjjcdcegc_ARRAY1 isw_dgjjcdcegc_ARRAY3
isw_dgjjcdcegc_ARRAY isw_dgjjcdcegc_ARRAY2
I have built a small test server. I am planing on using this machine a an email and web server to test out its hosting capacities. in the future I will build a larger and more well equipped version.
AMD Athlon x2 2.0ghz
2 160gb SATA drives (hardware raid 1, done through the Motherboard)
2 gb ram (dual channel)
Like I said small test server. I am trying to install 10.04 server edition. When I get to the point of partitioning it asks me to activate the raid so I do. I get through the guided partitioning and get ready to write the file system to the drives and the screen goes red and says that it has failed. On a side note, this works if i install it on the same drives without any raid configuration.
I have a RAID1 array, where mdadm states that one of the disks is "removed." Naturally, I assume one of the drives has failed. The mdadm --detail command tells me that the sda drive has failed. However, further inspection from the mdadm -E /dev/sdb1 command says that sdb1 disk has been removed. I am a bit confused. Can someone clarify which drive is failed? Am I misreading the command outputs?
Code:
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I'm sorry if this is the wrong section and if there is another thread on the matter. I searched but couldn't find threads with my specific problem. I've just installed Ubuntu 10.10 Server 64 bit which I intend to use as a internal file server.
The hdd setup is:
500gb system disk
1tb storage
2tb storage (2*2tb using built-in motherboard hardware RAID1) When the installation was complete and the computer rebooted I got an error message saying "error: no such disk". After re-installation I got the same message and I then tried disconnecting all the storage devices and it booted perfectly. I then tried connecting up the 1tb drive and again it booted as it should. But when I re-connected the RAID:ed disks the error message re-appeared.
After some hours of googling, I've managed to increase the size of the default ramdisks (/dev/ram0-16) to 1 GiB each, I raided them together with mdadm to try it out, then created a filesyste, mounted it etc etc. No problems. The problem comes when I used gparted to move my windows partition over and in the unallocated space (1 GiB), I created an unformatted partition (/dev/sda2)Now when I try to create the raid array I get the following:
Code:
:~$ sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/ram0 /dev/sda2
mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sda2: Device or resource busy
[code]....
I would like to move a samba fileserver from ClearOS5 to Ubuntu. It has raid1 (software) and I would like to save one partition from it, md3. The other partitions could be used for Ubuntu. How would I go about this so that I don't erase data from md3 and is it even possible?
View 1 Replies View RelatedI have an Ubuntu Server on (8.10) running under Citrix XenServer (though that shouldn't make a difference).
I installed on a single disk:
xvda1 - 200 MB - /boot
xvda2 - 9.8 GB - LVM (ubuntu-base)
The LVM is:
swap - 1.0 GB
root - 8.8 GB - /
I have successfully gotten this converted to RAID1 by adding a new drive (xvdb) and following the Debian howtoforge article [URL]
What I have not been able to do, is get grub working properly.
If I fail xvdb and reboot the system, everything comes up and I can reboot and run.
If I fail xvda and reboot the system, XenServer gives me a bootloader error. i.e.: no grub
If someone has done this, can they tell me what grub commands to run to get a successful boot of the primary disk fails?
I searched, and unfortunately all that did was raise my confusion level on this. "Grub"? "mdadm"? "fake"?, S/Wraid? Disk utility? So many options, so little understanding! Relevant stuff (Mostly reported by "Disk utility"):
- Lucid Lynx. PATA host adaptor -> IDE controller -> Maxtor 164GB H/D [I *think* this has Windoze on it, but can't remember!] There's also a CD & DVD drive on this IDE bus. PATA host adaptor -> SATA controller -> Seagate 500GB H.D. - The Ubuntu boot drive, currently a 250GB ext4 partition, 3GB swap and 250GB "unused".Peripiheral devices -> Firewire 400 -> 2 x Samsung 500GB H/D's. These were "stolen" from my Mac Book and are currently a RAID1 Apple array. Everything they contained is safely backed up, and these can be considered as "new" drives awaiting formatting. [It's actually a Buffalo Drivestation Duo, but their site was even more confusing than here.
everything is working wonderfully, but I'd like to use the 2 F/W drives in a RAID1 array - So, eventually to the question: How do I tell Ubuntu to use these drives as a RAID array? It seems I can format and partition etc from disk utility. Do I then use mdadm for configuration? Any other recommendations?
One of the hard drives in my server failed the other day, backups saved the day and downtime was only a few hours, but when setting up the new drive I went ahead and migrated to software RAID, in the hopes it may give me less downtime in the future when a drive fails. It all went rather well, but my main root partition won't finish syncing for some reason.
sda was the original drive with sda4 as /, sda1 as /boot, and sda2 as swap. sdb was the drive that failed and was replaced with the new drive. So I set up sdb with the same partitions of sda, added it to a RAID1 array, copied files from sda, and reboot to md4 as /, md1 as /boot, and md2 as swap. I added the sda partitions to the array, and the sync went off without a hitch on md1 and md2, md4 progresses well, but after a few hours /proc/mdstat just shows this:
Code:
root@d668:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]
9767424 blocks [2/2] [UU]
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Like it says in the title, I am thinking it should be this hard to install the RAID1 array in my brand new PC. Here is what is happening. I have two brand new 1TB drives that I am attempting a new, fresh install of 10.10 on (in fact, the entire box is new). I am attempting to use the alternate desktop install so that I can have access to the manual partitioning (which is required to setup RAID 1, correct?).
I tried to use the guide here: [URL]... I followed the steps, but when I got the the very end (after selecting and creating the MDs) I get an error message stating that there is no root file system defined. I went back and checked all the steps and I am sure I followed everything in the guide.
Here are some quirks (not sure if they are bugs or not) In step 5 of the disc partitioning, it says to select the bootable flag and set it to yes (I am assuming). I press enter over that options, the screen flashes really quickly to a progress bar, but then comes back to the options screen and it still says bootable flag is off. No matter how many times I do it is says "off".
Also, and here is the bigger problem I think. - So the guide says to select the free space in each drive and then select Automatically Partition the free space, which I do, and it comes back and looks formatted accordingly - has 975.6 GB ext4 / and 24.6 GB swap swap. No Problem there.
BUT - whenever I do the same thing to the second drive, the partitions on the first seem to disappear. Meaning, it doesn't say free space, and has two partitions listed, but the / and the swap (last items in each row) have moved to the second drive partitions. I am not sure if this is how it is supposed to be since the pictures in the linked guide to not show what it looks like after that. THis is driving me crazy and I have to have it set up in RAID 1 and unsure as to what it is I am missing.
I have a ubuntu sever with a raid1 data drive formated in native linux ext3. I have searched for answers to my question but most likely I'm not asking it correctly. I want to use the data drive to store backups of files from various ubuntu and windows machines. Do I need to reformat the drive as ntfs to enable windows use or can it remain as ext3? For that matter can I reformat as ext4 as a soultion? Again, I wish to use the data drive as a backup storage.
View 3 Replies View RelatedI accidentally rm -rf 'ed /etc directory from the main server. The server has raid1 soft-raid. Is there a way to recover the directory.
View 4 Replies View Relatedim on 10.10(desktop) and mdadm was v2.8.1 from 2008, very out of date so i tried 3.2.1 -> no change. mdadm raid1 read speeds are the same as single disk. note i used the tests in the disk utility benchmarking tool at first --these showed raid 5 atleast to be much better but when i tried dd reads raid5 dropped off with larger data to almost the same (slow) speed as raid1. compare:
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using two partitions will be enough to show raid1 performs at single disk speed. I dont really want to use a 4 disk raid0 just to get the read speed i should be able to get with raid1 as i dont really care about the size loss. I would of course use raid10 but i have found this suffers from the same problem (achieve same read speed as 2 disk stripe). So whilst im shocked others aren't reporting this, unless there is some obscure reason why my system would give these results i think raid1 in not behaving as it should.
I have been running dual boots for a long time and never had a problem installing Ubuntu.I now tried to install Ubuntu Studio on my performance machine, a DELL Studio XPS, which has (had?) a RAID1 configaration.I got stuck in the partitioning and tried to abandon, which left me with maybe nothing... When I tried to reboot, my machine started Windows but then "autochk program not found". And I am lost for what to do...
View 3 Replies View RelatedI am trying to boot my F13 server that has 3 partitions (sda2,sdb2,sdc2) configured as RAID1 (md0), vg00 is on md0 and / is on vg00/lvol00 and boot is on /dev/sda1, sda3,sdb3 and sdc3 contain other non-OS data and I get the following errors
dracut scanning devices sda3,sdb3,sdc3 for LVM logical volumes vg00/lvol00 vg00/lvol01
.
dracut: Volume group "vg00" not found
dracut: Skipping volume group vg00
dracut: Autoassembling MD Raid
No root device round
and then everything stops
If I go in with rdshell and type in -
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Ok I managed to solve it. When I originally installed F13 I had 2 partitions in md0 and later on I added /dev/sdc2 to make it a 3 partition Raid 1 array. My thinking was seeing that I had the extra space it wouldn't hurt to use it as another mirror. One month later after I booted the server I have found out it did hurt. I removed the 3rd partition and now it's fine again. I wonder though if it would be possible though to use that 3rd partition.
I have just upgraded to Fedora 14 from an older version. I now have problems mounting my RAID1 array, which was operating correctly until now. This is a software RAID which was initially built under Fedora 10.The array is md0, and is made of 2 SATA drives (sdc and sdd) which have only one partition. The underlying filesystem is NTFS. The array is assembled correctly and active, as reported by /proc/mdstat and mdadm -D.When I try to mount the array, I get this:
Code:
[root@Goofy ~]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
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I have a hypothetical situation in which I installed my operating system using a RAID1 mirror. At some point I decided that this setup was overkill, my machine isn't system critical, I value doubling my storage space more than speedy recovery, I'm doing routine backups, etc...
Short of backing up my system volume and repartitioning, or otherwise starting over, is there a way I can reconfigure my RAID1 array to only expect one disk so that mdadm no longer reports a Degraded state?
