Ubuntu :: After Power Failure Boots Into Blank Screen

I'm using Ubuntu 10.04 64-bit, which is installed to a second hard drive on my desktop. Earlier this afternoon, there were two 10 second power outages in my neighborhood. The first caused the system to restart with no effect, but after the second outage Ubuntu no longer boots properly. The problem is this: When I boot, I get to the grub screen. I have tried choosing four different options (the most recent kernel, a slightly older kernel, and the recovery mode of each). For each, kernel begins loading, but at a certain point the input to the monitor dries up, and after a few seconds the monitor enters standby mode. When I boot into recovery mood, the last message I see before the screen goes blank includes "udev starting version 151" followed by three lines that read "assuming [something that I can't read before the screen goes blank]." The computer itself remains on, but I have no way of knowing exactly what it is doing.

There seems to be no hardware damage as I can boat into Vista, and I can also boot into 10.04 from a USB. I've used fsck to check the partitions on my hard drive and the test came up clean for all of them. Since I only installed 10.04 a week ago, I could just copy the handful of useful files I have to my external drive and re-install, but I'd like to get some experience troubleshooting this problem. My first assumption is some kind of problem with the video drivers or GUI.