Programming :: Capturing Short Randomly Occurring Events

I want to capture short randomly occurring events such as Sudden Interstellar Disturbances, Lightning, ion counting, etc. To do this I wish to use the LINE-IN port. My sensor would feed a signal of less that 2 volts but could be submitted via a voltage divider. Since the sound card captures 44100 events per second this should capture events I am looking at, I think, but maybe not. I would capture the sound buffer to a string or memory buffer every second (and half second so I can prevent overwriting of its buffer, then merge the two).

Every 60 seconds (for validation) I would run "time" and count full buffer transfers in between to time events. By effectively counting characters from the beginning of the processing buffer to the beginning of the event I could further refine the "time to event". I think I could then save a decent number of values or until no data received from the processing buffer to preserve the event. This I would output with event time (to within 1/44100 sec) along with the data points captured to a file.

Except for the outputting of info to a file I think I can scan a buffer for events within a second (while LINE-IN continues capturing data on that port). I believe I have a way to handle the outputting. I am asking if any of the processing of the previous buffer would interfere with the sound cards data capture on LINE-IN? There would be no disabling of interrupts. I am presuming that system interrupts would not effect the LINE-IN data capture. Is this true?