General :: How To Shred Already Removed File On Modern Filesystem?
Aug 25, 2011
Consider the following:
mount | grep home
type reiserfs
rm -Rf /home/user/over_9000_little_and_big_super_secret_files/
# oops, I should have shredded it instead.
How can I properly and securely "initialize free space" to ensure that no additional info can be restored restored by digging in free space (Preferrably without stopping or disturbing the filesystem much.) Is dd if=/dev/frandom of=/home/qqqqq really secure for this (tails, journal, etc.)?
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Nov 23, 2010
As in windows all the delted items will got to RecycleBin is there any such thing in linux.
(Or)
Can we retrive the file which got removed from file system(using rm command)
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Jun 8, 2010
By accident, I used rm on a file I didn't want to delete. Is there any way that I can get it back under Linux?
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Feb 14, 2010
I am using an old Linux distro in my workplace, it's Red Hat 9. I am unable to install Opera or Firefox. What is the latest version of Firefox that I can install on RH9
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Jul 2, 2010
I have accidentally removed my apache2 startup file /etc/init.d/apache2 using rm /etc/init.d/apache2 command.
How can I get that back?
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Jul 1, 2011
I would like to install a more modern version of GNU utils (coreutils) on a debian linux system where I have no admin rights. Is there a way to do that?
The rationale is that I need a more modern version to the one installed in the system where I intend to run my analysis. I am trying to use "sort -R" or "shuf" to randomize lines in a big text file.
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Aug 11, 2011
I heard that the ext file system does not causes file fragmentation. Could some one explain how this is achieved. And how come a file does not divides in to fragments as compared to Windows based Filesystems.
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Aug 29, 2011
I had read that the shred doesn't safely work for compressed filesystems when shredding a file, how this can be accomplished in a compressed fs ?
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Apr 13, 2010
I'm relatively experienced with UNIX and Linux, but this has me thrown for quite a loop, and it seemed like such a simple question. How would I go about finding the newest file in a file system? I thought something like:
Code:
ls -ltr `find /usr -type f`
would work, but I seem to be exceeding the argument maximum for ls:
ksh: 0403-029 There is not enough memory available now
I thought something involving xargs might work, but I really suck with that command.
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Jan 17, 2011
In debian/ubuntu I want to:
a) Create a list of all the files in one directory tree
b) Do the same for a second directory tree
c) Compare the two lists such that, only the file NAMES are compared (i.e. just comparing the "file.txt" part so that "/home/folder/file.txt" == "/home/secondfolder/folder/file.txt)
d) Output a list of all the duplicates
How to do this using scripting languages or regex or something?
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Mar 7, 2011
Yesterday I installed the latest version of ubuntu to my computer that was already running windows 7. I had everything working fine until in windows I deleted a partition that had nothing in it.
After this I restarted but I can't get into either OS. I get an error that says Error: unknown filesystem grub rescue>
I think I need to fix something in grub. I have been booting off of a usb stick with linux on it in the mean time.
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Mar 7, 2011
Yesterday I installed the latest version of ubuntu to my computer that was already running windows 7. I had everything working fine until in windows I deleted a partition that had nothing in it. After this I restarted but I can't get into either OS.
I get an error that says Error: unknown filesystem grub rescue>
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Mar 11, 2011
I am trying to mount a file image, like this
mount -o loop /tmp/apps.img /media/apps
But I get the following:
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
I try ext3:
mount -o loop /tmp/apps.img /media/apps -t ext3
dmesg says:
error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev loop6.
I've also tried ext2, vfat etc. How can I detect the filesystem type of apps.img?
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Mar 24, 2010
I've had a look at some similar threads but as I'm very new to linux they're already a bit technical for me. Sorry, this calls for someone with patience. I gather from other threads that disconnecting an external drive without unmounting is a no-no, and this seems to be the likely cause. Now the disk is read only and I'm unable to change any settings through the usual control panel on ubuntu. I'm just not familiar with the terminal instructions. I tried to cut and past a few command lines from other threads but I got some warnings that proceding could damage data. Like this one: WARNING! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage.
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Mar 30, 2011
I followed this tutorial exactly:When I rebooted, I tried to log in but was redirected to the login screen every time.I removed the file that it said to create, but still can't log in.
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Jun 24, 2011
I've been having trouble with CUPS.I uninstalled it and I wanted to re-install it. When I removed CUPS some other files were removed too. I don't have an option of installing the software or updating a system, in the Control Center.
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Aug 20, 2010
This hard disk is an old Maxtor (60G) extracted from an old computer, working fine. I placed in an enclosure and connected it to my Linux Box (Slack 12.1). It was recognized immediately and mounted automatically. However, before giving away the hard disk, I tried to wipe the data by running shred /dev/sdf At some point, I realized that it was going to take a long time, and aborted the process and disconnected the enclosure. Now, none of my Linux boxes recognize the disk inside the enclosure. Here is the output, when I plug in the usb cable, while using systemrescuecd on my desktop computer:
Quote:
Aug 20 00:58:17 sysresccd kernel: [ 3582.116029] usb 2-6: new full speed USB device using ohci_hcd and address 12
Aug 20 00:58:17 sysresccd kernel: [ 3582.316054] usb 2-6: not running at top speed; connect to a high speed hub
Aug 20 00:58:17 sysresccd kernel: [ 3582.322051] usb 2-6: New USB device found, idVendor=04b4, idProduct=8613
Aug 20 00:58:17 sysresccd kernel: [ 3582.322054] usb 2-6: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0,
[Code]....
Is there a way to use this hard disk at this point?
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Nov 18, 2010
What am I doing wrong here ? Shredding a directory with files is incredibly slow. If I create a file of similar size it is around 1000 times faster. Filesystem is ext4, OS is Slack current. Looking at top it shows shred's status as 'D' which, according to the man page, means uninterruptible sleep ! Also /usr/bin/time shows around 10 minutes but that time was printed on stdout approx. 7 minutes before the command prompt reappeared !
Code:
[virgil@thunderbird2:~/q] $ du -sh
336M.
[virgil@thunderbird2:~/q] $ find . -type d | wc
160 160 12038
[virgil@thunderbird2:~/q] $ find . -type f | wc
6721 6721 687549
[virgil@thunderbird2:~/q] $ /usr/bin/time find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -r shred -zu
0.00user 0.00system 10:11.76elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 3616maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+285minor)pagefaults 0swaps
[virgil@thunderbird2:~]
[virgil@thunderbird2:~] $ dd if=/dev/urandom of=qwerty bs=336M count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
352321536 bytes (352 MB) copied, 51.6693 s, 6.8 MB/s
[virgil@thunderbird2:~]
[virgil@thunderbird2:~] $ ls -l qwerty
-rw-r--r-- 1 virgil virgil 352321536 2010-11-18 15:13 qwerty
[virgil@thunderbird2:~]
[virgil@thunderbird2:~] $ /usr/bin/time shred -zu qwerty
0.92user 0.78system 0:16.94elapsed 10%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 2912maxresident)k
0inputs+2752528outputs (0major+235minor)pagefaults 0swaps
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Jul 5, 2011
I work for a company that builds computers for military applications. We have a unit that is using Redhat Enterprise Linux Server using a CF Card for the HDD. The CF Cards were prepared for us by the customer. We just got them in however, upon testing it will start to boot but it looks for a serial ID plug which we do not have, so when it does not find it, the TERM signal is sent and it shuts down. so we emailed them for instructions on how to get around that. they told us to remove a certain file using the rm command.
The only problem is that we still cannot get redhat to boot, therfore I cannot get to the linux terminal to even use the rm command.
Is there any way I can rm <file> in the GRUB or any other way?
FYI I am not very familiar with linux but I do have a decennt understanding of general programming/scripting.
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Feb 8, 2011
I considered making my system run the following if an incorrect password is entered 10 times in a row or a specific dead-password is entered.Code:shred /home/.ecryptfs/$USER/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase.Because ext4 doesn't journal the contents of the file, only the metadata, the file would be shredded and it would be impossible to recover the encrypted home folder even with the password.Is there a simple way I could make GDM check this or would I have to patch and recompile GDM for something like this to work?
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Mar 6, 2011
I've this setup
AMD 64 Sempron 3000
2 GB Ram DDR
250 Hard disk (IDE)
I'm not able to install anything on this computer. I've tried: ubuntu 10.10, 10.4, linux mint 10 (for every distro in 32 or 64 bit edition). At the moment of partition recognize, system simply freezes. With older distro (like ubuntu 9.10), I can install successfully. How can I install modern distro on my pc?
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Jun 27, 2010
I don't use the Trash bin because it does not really delete things,speaking from a security point Instead, I gotten used to 'shred' and 'secure-delete' .But to move around files, cut-n-paste is very handy.And I was wandering if items from the Clip get stored somewhere ?i realize that they get overwritten again and again in the clipboard but do they also get stored somewhere else?
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Feb 5, 2011
I use nautilus-action to create a right-click shred command with these parameters.: -f -u -v -z %M
I thought the -v would give me some feedback as well as an "are you sure" dialog before deleting. But when I run Shred it just deletes the file without any feedback and no confirmation beforehand.
How can I get a confirmation prompt to occur before shredding occurs (to prevent me from accidentaly shredding something--sometimes I click the wrong item cause the mouse shifts last second).
Any why don't any icons ever appear on my context menu even though I'm assigning icons?
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Jul 11, 2011
I am really new to linux and probably getting over my head but got to start somewhere. with making a shell script to run on puppy linux to shred all drives connected to it. I have been able to successfully use the command to wipe all drives connected but cant figure out how to write a script for it. I have several hard drives i got and want to shred wipe them before using them..
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Apr 22, 2010
I have a question about setting up a Modern warfare 2 server. I manage a Ubuntu 9.0.4 web server at home, and a leased cloud server from rack space, and was curious to see if it's possible for me to also setup a CoD Modern warfare 2 server on it as well.
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May 18, 2011
I am very new to linux, and I have a question regarding the filesystem check (fsck). The power recently went out and when I tried to restart linux the following error appears:
*/dev/sda1 contains file system w/errors, check forced it then goes on to say..
*An error occured during the file system check. Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot when you leave the shell. Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue) I wasn't sure what to do, but checked some other online forums and they suggested running fsck manually - so I typed in the root password - and used the command, "fsck -A -V ; echo == $? ==" it then gave the following message
*WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage
*Would you like to continue (y/n)
Again, I wasn't sure what to do so i just checked no. I then manually turned off the computer and was prompted at the beginning to press Alt-3. I was brought to another screen and it informed me one of the drives was degraded and suggested rebuilding the array. I tried doing this, but it still brings me back to the original error of, "/dev/sda1 contains file system w/errors, check forced," and the process continues.
Also, when I tried to rebuild the array, I didn't backup any of the data on our home directory before doing this (which was probably a big mistake). After being prompted to type the root password, I was able to give the ls command and look at all the directories...the home directory where our data was stored was empty and I am afraid I may have lost some information. Is there a possibility that data was lost when I was trying to rebuild using the old drives?
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Jun 4, 2010
It is possible to not only have the progress of the shredding, but the time elapsed/remained/whatever as well? It would be great to be able to see the time elapsed/time remaining along with the percentage complete.
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Apr 28, 2011
Under Linux, I'm looking for a command to list the biggest file and/or the biggest directories under a directory.
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Dec 21, 2010
My linux distro is CentOS 5.3. Today I edited /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root and set "READONLY" to yes, now my /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root file is like this:
# Set to 'yes' to mount the system filesystems read-only.
READONLY=yes
# Set to 'yes' to mount various temporary state as either tmpfs
[code]...
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Mar 14, 2010
I've setup Kerberos and OpenLDAP servers (9.10) similar to the official documentation (and other sites that fill in the "gaps"). However, when you start to get in to some of the details, there seem to be many options - and I guess I'm looking for what could be the defacto standard. I'd like to allow Ubuntu clients to have a sso capability, with the ability for local caching of passwords if not connected to the network (such as a laptop user away from the office, prior to a VPN). I'd like to automount a secure NFS share somewhere in the /home directory. If the user logs in to a computer they've not logged in to before (if they're authorized), it would be nice if a skeleton /home directory could be setup there automatically I'm guessing that it is not desirable to use a shared /home NFS - as if you're off the network this would be problematic - as well as multiple computers sharing the same /home. There are some benefits to a shared /home (SSH certs, etc.), so maybe there is a hybrid approach out there.
I've read that it's not necessarily good practice to have OpenLDAP to do the authentication (leave this to Kerberos), but it's fine for authorization (such as ACLs for logins to certain computers). It's also good practice to use TLS with OpenLDAP (which requires public certs on all the clients) and to not allow anonymous read to the directory. I would guess that a computer host keytab could be refreshed to bind to the OpenLDAP server via GSSAPI / SASL to allow a non-anonymous read, and then determine if, say, the user was a member of a group allowed to log in. Kerberos would then pick up and authenticate the user and then proceed to the login. Off the network here, I'm not sure. I found this document, but it's self declared missing items: [URL]
I'll stop the rambling, but I cannot be the only one who would like to setup a relatively standard and secure server based network authentication and authorization back-end. Is there any _complete_ documentation on the best practices and how to implement?
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