I heard that the ext file system does not causes file fragmentation. Could some one explain how this is achieved. And how come a file does not divides in to fragments as compared to Windows based Filesystems.
View 1 RepliesIs there any way to avoid internal and data fragmentation?
View 5 Replies View RelatedI have millions of small chunks of new's and delete's in my program. Even though no memory leak is detected through valgrind or purify, memory grows. But the growth is degrading over the number of times of the execution of the tasks. Can i think that fragmentation plays a role in this?
View 6 Replies View RelatedConsider the following:
mount | grep home
type reiserfs
rm -Rf /home/user/over_9000_little_and_big_super_secret_files/
# oops, I should have shredded it instead.
How can I properly and securely "initialize free space" to ensure that no additional info can be restored restored by digging in free space (Preferrably without stopping or disturbing the filesystem much.) Is dd if=/dev/frandom of=/home/qqqqq really secure for this (tails, journal, etc.)?
I had read that the shred doesn't safely work for compressed filesystems when shredding a file, how this can be accomplished in a compressed fs ?
View 1 Replies View RelatedI'm relatively experienced with UNIX and Linux, but this has me thrown for quite a loop, and it seemed like such a simple question. How would I go about finding the newest file in a file system? I thought something like:
Code:
ls -ltr `find /usr -type f`
would work, but I seem to be exceeding the argument maximum for ls:
ksh: 0403-029 There is not enough memory available now
I thought something involving xargs might work, but I really suck with that command.
In debian/ubuntu I want to:
a) Create a list of all the files in one directory tree
b) Do the same for a second directory tree
c) Compare the two lists such that, only the file NAMES are compared (i.e. just comparing the "file.txt" part so that "/home/folder/file.txt" == "/home/secondfolder/folder/file.txt)
d) Output a list of all the duplicates
How to do this using scripting languages or regex or something?
Yesterday I installed the latest version of ubuntu to my computer that was already running windows 7. I had everything working fine until in windows I deleted a partition that had nothing in it.
After this I restarted but I can't get into either OS. I get an error that says Error: unknown filesystem grub rescue>
I think I need to fix something in grub. I have been booting off of a usb stick with linux on it in the mean time.
Yesterday I installed the latest version of ubuntu to my computer that was already running windows 7. I had everything working fine until in windows I deleted a partition that had nothing in it. After this I restarted but I can't get into either OS.
I get an error that says Error: unknown filesystem grub rescue>
I told my friend ext3 and ext4 are very fragmentation resistant compared to ntfs and he questioned me as to what happens if a small file was removed from in between other file chunks and then another (larger) file was to be written and it wouldn't fit there; where would it go? His argument was that the ext filesystem does need to defragment in order to get past that and his argument seems logical. Does anyone know the answer to this? (because it actually captured my curiosity)
View 6 Replies View RelatedI am trying to mount a file image, like this
mount -o loop /tmp/apps.img /media/apps
But I get the following:
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
I try ext3:
mount -o loop /tmp/apps.img /media/apps -t ext3
dmesg says:
error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev loop6.
I've also tried ext2, vfat etc. How can I detect the filesystem type of apps.img?
I've had a look at some similar threads but as I'm very new to linux they're already a bit technical for me. Sorry, this calls for someone with patience. I gather from other threads that disconnecting an external drive without unmounting is a no-no, and this seems to be the likely cause. Now the disk is read only and I'm unable to change any settings through the usual control panel on ubuntu. I'm just not familiar with the terminal instructions. I tried to cut and past a few command lines from other threads but I got some warnings that proceding could damage data. Like this one: WARNING! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage.
View 5 Replies View RelatedHow i can de-fragmentation of my hard disk in ubuntu. and what is the command for scan disk in ubuntu.
View 3 Replies View RelatedFor some reason when i write a file to my NTFS-partitioned external HDD the files seem to get severely partitioned. This only happens when writing to it from within Fedora.
Windows Vista doesn't seem to do this.
This image is a screenshot from MyDefrag.
On my other hard drive i have a 7GB file consisting of 1400 fragments.
i'm guessing this is too much fragmented, because it was a completely empty hard drive before it wrote the file.
What could have caused this please? and how can i solve this?
I work with lots of big files >500MB. As ext3 does not provide the extents feature of ext4, I am concerned that some fragmentation may periodically affect disk performance. Noted I understand that using ext4 under these circumstances would be pointless, because the extents feature would be required to be disabled to allow compatibility using ext2fsd at this time, thereby removing any tangible ext4 benefit for my purposes.
Question Would an effective method of disk optimisation and anti-fragmentation be to simply copy all files from the ext3 media partition across to another entirely separate empty backup ext3 drive, before copying them all back over to the ext3 media partition again? Would this mean that when all the files are copied back again, they would be placed back in the 'correct and optimum order', so to speak? PS: I cringe in advance at the n00bs who are likely to reply to this thread with 'ext3 cannot become fragmented'!
I am very new to linux, and I have a question regarding the filesystem check (fsck). The power recently went out and when I tried to restart linux the following error appears:
*/dev/sda1 contains file system w/errors, check forced it then goes on to say..
*An error occured during the file system check. Dropping you to a shell; the system will reboot when you leave the shell. Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue) I wasn't sure what to do, but checked some other online forums and they suggested running fsck manually - so I typed in the root password - and used the command, "fsck -A -V ; echo == $? ==" it then gave the following message
*WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage
*Would you like to continue (y/n)
Again, I wasn't sure what to do so i just checked no. I then manually turned off the computer and was prompted at the beginning to press Alt-3. I was brought to another screen and it informed me one of the drives was degraded and suggested rebuilding the array. I tried doing this, but it still brings me back to the original error of, "/dev/sda1 contains file system w/errors, check forced," and the process continues.
Also, when I tried to rebuild the array, I didn't backup any of the data on our home directory before doing this (which was probably a big mistake). After being prompted to type the root password, I was able to give the ls command and look at all the directories...the home directory where our data was stored was empty and I am afraid I may have lost some information. Is there a possibility that data was lost when I was trying to rebuild using the old drives?
Under Linux, I'm looking for a command to list the biggest file and/or the biggest directories under a directory.
View 3 Replies View RelatedMy linux distro is CentOS 5.3. Today I edited /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root and set "READONLY" to yes, now my /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root file is like this:
# Set to 'yes' to mount the system filesystems read-only.
READONLY=yes
# Set to 'yes' to mount various temporary state as either tmpfs
[code]...
Linux - Ubuntu Karmic 64bit, 2.6.31-19-genericMac OS - Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.6.2 32bit.
Steps to reprocude
1. Prepare HFS+ filesystem.
- Be sure the HFS+ fs does not have journaling.
[code]....
Seen something like this somewhere but can't remember exactly what it was.
How can linux be installed into one big file that resides on a FAT filesystem?
Note: not an .iso that is read-only, but a file that can be written to.
how to change the file type of /opt to vfat from ext 4. during installing fedora 15 (64 bit) on dell inspiron 1545, i choose file type of /opt as ext4 but now i have realised that it should be vfat. ans second problem during the installation the option of repository appeared and i choose "customize later ", and now i have to add some lib in "software tab", how can i achieve that?
View 3 Replies View RelatedI have been running a server for 3-4 years now, and my shares have been mounting just fine. Well, the network admin looked at a backup and seen that the last date backed up was june. I got to looking around and seen that the share is not mounting. I can mount it with sudo mount -a, which tells me my syntax is correct. I get an error about IPv4 socket not opened and it is aborting the operation when I run dmesg | tail, since I can use the above command to mount later, it sounds to me like it is trying to mount before the network connection is ready.
I have done some looking over some init scripts and found that in the /etc/rc.d/init.r/netfs script it has a line that states that it is checking to see if the network is up before it starts to mount the filesystems and the such. This is set to no, my question is, can I change this option to yes and get my desired results, waiting for the network to be up before it mounts the filesystems.
I am trying to create an encrypted file and later mount it as a filesystem.
KEY=`tr -cd [:graph:] < /dev/urandom | head -c 79`
echo $KEY | openssl aes-256-cbc > container.key
dd if=/dev/urandom of=~/container.img bs=1G count=10
losetup /dev/loop0 ~/container.img
[code]....
The luksOpen command asks me for my passphrase, but always rejects it. I have retried this several times and written down the passphrase - and even tried with a very simple one just to check. And I never can make it work.
I was just copying a large (50GB) file from one mounted partition to another mounted partition (a USB drive), but before the operation completed, my root filesystem, on a separate partition, filled up.Because it filled up I also couldn't get past the login when I rebooted. I think this is because there is no room to load temporary files. I'm expanding the root partition to temporarily fix this. how can I avoid my root file system filling up when copying a massive file between mounted partitions? the file is being cached in root during the transfer.
View 3 Replies View RelatedWhen I try to boot to OpenSUSE I get the following error during boot-up: unknown filesystem type 'reiserfs' could not mount root filesystem - exiting to /bin/sh$
This only started happening quite recently - before this I could boot to Linux quite happily.
I have a following problem: Recently my drive with Ubuntu 9.4 has mysteriously stopped working, i.e. when I switch the computer on it informs me that GRUB didn't find the filesystem. Well, I suppose it happens.
First, I though it was due to the drive dying, but I popped it in an external enclosure and HDTune told me the drive was fine. Wanting to recover the files on the drive before reinstalling I first tried to mount it in said external enclosure under Windows (I have Win Ext2 driver installed which used to work just fine). This time, however, drive gets assigned a letter but upon opening it Windows popped up an error saying that the drive was not formatted and whether I would like to format it then.
Unfazed by this streak of failures I tried to mount it under Linux but, alas, to no avail. I might have tried every single -t operator under mount command but it still won't budge and let me mount.
I am running Ubuntu Linux 10.04.1 on an AMD 64-bit system. The server is primarily used for Windows file sharing via Samba in a small local network. I use webmin and putty to administer the system. I have two 1.4 TB drives for storage and one 500 GB drive with 18 GB mounted for root.I performed a large cut & paste operation (25.8 GB of files) using the File Manager in Webmin to move a certain folder into another folder within /media/Work. The operation failed and I am now getting a "root filesystem full" error, and am stumped.
View 8 Replies View RelatedIn my system around 73gb(pc-desktop) i have,1 primary partition(windows)-25gb, 1-extended partition(remaining gb) 3 logical partitions were there in (under) extended partition in one of the logical partition is d:drive. in my hard disk d: drive is -/dev/sda5
previosly i was fat -file system , (d:drive-/dev/sda5), i remember i changed the d: drive(d:drive-/dev/sda5) file system to ext4file system ,with following command using terminal
After doing(changing the file system)this one ,i couldnt see the d:drive data
By doing that
1q) Did i reformatted the partition? i think the new filesystem(ext4) has no knowledge of the data that was on it when it had a FAT filesystem.
2q) How to do undo operation,i tried to change the filesystem type to fat/ntfs in terminal using command --sudo mkfs -t FAT /dev/sda5.
Result:its showing text message-'mkfs.FAT: No such file or directory'(not in single quote)
I had very imp data in d:drive
I would like to build a SAN with like 4 TB of space on it. What is the best way to accomplish this task?
- What exact hardware would I need.
- What exact software do I need.
- How to bond two Ethernet cards together to get better network performance out of the box
I am looking to find a cheap rack-mount server cabinet. What is the best file system for a SAN? Is there a particular distro that works well with this? I prefer CentOS as that's what I have been learning on.
When I double click on "filesystem" this file is in there. It's unknown but owned by ROOT.
View 5 Replies View Related