Ubuntu Servers :: Building A NAS (Raid 5) For Home?
Jul 6, 2011
I'm looking at building a small NAS setup for my home to hold all my media (DVD's, pictures, music etc..). I'm not too concerned with backups of it at this point as I have all the data elsewhere as it is, but would like one central spot to access it.
A friend of mine turned me on to Ubuntu to do this with but he's never tried it, so I'm looking to see if anyone else has done this or if there issues with it. I've used linux off and on for several years, but this would be my first Ubuntu install.
I'm looking at either using some older hardware I have sitting around, or something cheap like a small dell server (T310 or something). I'd get 4 2TB drives and just use them in a software raid 5 array. It would be accessed with a few different samba shares I'm thinking.
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Jul 6, 2011
I've been running my dedicated server on Ubuntu 10.04 for 300 days non-stop so far (touch wood). I'm planning to purchase a dedicated server to host many large sites. The specs are Sandybridge Xeon with 16 bay x 2TB storage using RAID5 (Adaptec RAID 51645).I don't have experience with RAID, but I read that ext4 can only support filesystem up to 16TB, my plan for the system is to have 32TB of storage. How can I make Ubuntu run this configuration?
Also, can Ubuntu 10.04 recognize the Adaptec card? Going through Adaptec website there is no mention of drivers for Ubuntu (although many other distros are available).
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Jan 18, 2010
I need some advice or tips or maybe your own experiences about building a home data storage or NAS.Here's some thoughts / requirements I think it should have:It should expandable. I'll stick a couple of 1TB HDDs and a little later I'll stick some moreIt should easily integrated to both Ubuntu and Windows 7. Ideally it'll be an integrated part of the filesystem.I'm thinking some sort of RAID as a backing up my data. RAID 1 seems like a such a waste but then again, these days, HDDs are cheap.And when I do add more HDDs, I'd like them to appear as one big storage unit instead of separate drives.Any suggestions and tips on how to go about this is welcome. Questions are plenty: should I go with server hardware or is bigger ATX case and standard hardware enough? I'll need some pointers so keep 'em coming
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Feb 1, 2011
Could any RAID gurus kindly assist me on the following RAID-5 issue?I have an mdadm-created RAID5 array consisting of 4 discs. One of the discs was dropping out, so I decided to replace it. Somehow, this went terribly wrong and I succeeded in marking two of the drives as faulty, and the re-adding them as spare.
Now the array is (logically) no longer able to start:
mdadm: Not enough devices to start the array.Degraded and can't create RAID ,auto stop RAID [md1]
I was able to examine the disks though:
Code:
root@127.0.0.1:/etc# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb2
/dev/sdb2:
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 00.90.00
code....
Code:
mdadm --create --assume-clean --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2
As I don't want to ruin the maybe small chance I have left to rescue my data, I would like to hear the input of this wise community.
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Jan 22, 2009
I want to install Fedora 10 but need to build RAID (bcraid) drivers so the installation will see my RAID array. I'm currently running Fedora 6 & thought this would be the process:
1) Install kernel source
2) Modify configuration to include bcraid drivers.
3) Build new kernel
4) Replace kernel in standard build with custom kernel or load driver during installlation
5) Install Fedora 10
I'm stuck on no. 1. When I tried to install the kernel source, there was some problem with "mockbuild" (wot dat?) which I think was a red herring but I now don't know what to do about these unsatisfied dependencies:
[root@fedora6 ~]# rpm -Vp ~/Desktop/kernel-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.src.rpm
warning: /home/nick/Desktop/kernel-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.src.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4ebfc273
Unsatisfied dependencies for kernel-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.src: rpm-build >= 4.4.2.1-4
[code]....
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Jan 6, 2010
I'm building a NAS, based on the Intel SS4200. There are 4 drive bays in the machine for use with SATA disks, two of which I plan on filling now, the other two which I plan on filling later. The box also includes an IDE connector to which I will connect an 8GB Disk on Module onto which I will install Slackware. I wish to have all drives in the box show up as one contiguous volume. What partitioning/LVM/RAID configuration can I use which will allow me to:
1. Add a disk and transparently grow the available space of the volume?
2. Replace a disk with a larger disk and transparently grow the available space of the volume?
3. Lose a disk to hardware failure and replace it with a new one with no data loss?
If I use RAID 5, I'm pretty certain I can get numbers 1 and 3 above, but I'm not sure about number 2. The downside is that I'd have to start with 3 disks in the machine, and I'm unsure if adding a 4th disk whose size is larger than each of the 3 starting disks would lead to wasted space. For instance, if I start with three 1TB drives in RAID 5, and then add a 2TB 4th drive, would my available size go from 2TB to 3TB? Or from 2TB to 3.xTB?
Is it important in a RAID 5 setup to have all disks the same size? With LVM, I can certainly get number 1 above, but what about 2 and 3? I know you can use LVM to present many disks or partitions as one contiguous volume, but if I have two 1TB drives in one volume, and only have 300GB of data, then would the second drive remain empty until I broke the 1TB barrier? In this case, it's wasted space from the get go. I suppose another option would be to start with RAID 1 until I can afford a third disk.
When adding the new disk, could I switch to RAID 5 without data loss? I'm planning on maintaining a full mirror of the NAS on some USB disks as a backup, so if configuration changes to the NAS require wiping the disks and restoring from backup, it's not a total loss. However, it certainly makes me nervous to be in a state where only one copy of the data exists, so I'd rather find a solution where I can add and upgrade disks in the NAS without relying on the backup copies.
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Dec 4, 2010
I've been trying to create a RAID5 array with 4x1TB disks.
I'm using Ubuntu 10.10, uname output:
Quote:
Linux dynamips 2.6.35-22-server #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:48:58 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux
I have two of them connected to the on board ICH7 SATA controller (sdb and sdc), and two of them connected to an external Silicon Image SiI 3132 controller (sdd and sde). sda is my boot disk split into several partitions and is also connected to the onboard SATA.
Everything is working fine before I create the array, here are my hdparm outputs:
Quote:
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads: 2958 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1478.89 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 360 MB in 3.02 seconds = 119.35 MB/sec
/dev/sdc:
Timing cached reads: 2940 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1469.77 MB/sec
code....
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Oct 13, 2010
I received some errors while running a benchmarking script to determine my ideal raid chunk size. There are several errors in the kernel log regarding the sata link and eventually the two drives i have connected to a pci express x1 sata card were no longer present in /dev/
the script i was using is available here [URL]..system specs 1 500gb western digital drive (system drive)3 2tb samsung f4 drives (2 connected to pci x1 card (sata II) and 1 onto onboard sata port (sata I)) single core amd 64 on SiS chipset debian 64bit testing
[Code]...
I rebooted the machine and everything appears to be happy. What do these errors mean? What steps should i take to prevent them in the future so it doesn't end up corrupting the array?
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Nov 11, 2009
I would like to replace my aging Freenas box with a CentOS based NAS. I would like it to have the following features:
- SAMBA with Web admin
- BIND with Web admin
- Nice to have would be native AFP support for my MAC
Question 1: Is SWAT still the current Web-based config tool for SAMBA or is there something newer?
Question 2: Is there a decent, reliable, web front end for BIND?
Question 3: Is there a current AFP guide for CentOS, everything I am finding via Google is years old.
I would also like to build a second server that I would host off-site to sync my data to.
- I was thinking OpenVPN for the link between the servers. The "remote" NAS will have to be the one initiating the connection.
Question 4: Is OpenVPN the way to go or is there something better? (I need bidirectional communications)
Question 5: Is rsync still the way to go for the data sync or is there something newer which would be lighter and/or faster?
Just need some "current" advice overall - I think the last SAMBA box I built was 4-5 years ago so what I learned then may not be applicable today.
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May 24, 2011
I need to specify a different path to home directories on a particular server than what LDAP contains for the users, besides using a symlink. E.g. "/Users/jdoe" vs "/home/jdoe" I don't want to change the actual LDAP attributes, just want a particular server to point them in the right direction (Ubuntu 10.04).
I'm assuming it's something I could probably set in pam configurations?
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Dec 18, 2010
My scenario is based on Ubuntu server guide, can be found at [URL].. Step 1: I do as chapter 6, install OPENLDAP server, populating LDAP => run ok. Step 2: do as LDAP Authentication section => run ok. Step 3: Install samba => ok. Step 4: do as OpenLDAP Configuration section => there's a problem here: when I run the command:
Quote:
ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,cn=config -W -f /tmp/cn=samba.ldif.I can't login to LDAP server, it said that:
Quote: ldap_bind: Invalid credentials (49)
I am sure that the password is correct, but I still receive this message
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Apr 16, 2009
was originally looking to setup some kind of NAS in my house due to the fact that me and my wife both access the same music libraby, photo library etc. and was looking at one of the IcyBox enclosures.I realised that whilst this was a quick and possibly easy way to set something up, it wasn't in keeping with the true geek within so decided to look into setting up a full RAID5 file server. This would then allow me to install and setup various other services such as Web and FTP server, Mail server and DNS server should I ever want to.
I have an old machine (Duron 1GHz I think) with 1GB ram but the only problem is that is doesn't have an on board SATA controller so I was wondering what PCI SATA controller cards work with Fedora? Doesn't need to have RAID capabilities since i'll be using Software RAID anyway, just need a nice cheap Fedora friendly controller card that'll do the job.
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Feb 8, 2010
I need to build a cert from an CRT file/
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Dec 15, 2009
i want to build server ; for blocking porn site and adult content through my netbook.can someone please give me instruction for building that server using netbook?
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May 30, 2010
I don't care so much the practicality and needlessness of actually setting up a computer for proxy server for personal usage, but none-the-less, i want to do it, and i'm just wondering about hardware.The proxy, i don't intend on having a desktop environment, so it'll be a terminal interface.But for a system that will handle traffic for 3 pc's and a ps3, how much hardware would one suggest i need, as far as RAM, HDD space, so on and so forth.
I was thinking it would be fun to do with with my old amd k6-2 processor and it's 32mb of ram, but in order for that pc to work, i'll need to replace a few hardware pieces, and before i dumb money into it and pull it out of the closet, i want to find out if it would even be worth my time to do it.
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Jul 21, 2010
I planned to setup raid 1 mirroring for my small home environment. Then I selected two new harddisk and connected to my system. I inserted my fedora dvd and I clicked raid button in the graphical installation process by refering redhat docs. I installed successfully in /dev/sda /dev/sdb it works fine. For testing purpose I removed one harddisk /dev/sda. My system didnt boot it shows grub error. Why this happened? Since I have configured raid mirroring why the system is not booting from second harddisk /dev/sdb.
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Nov 9, 2010
I've installed debian squeezy recently and for some reason I have problems with mounting /home partition during startup.
There's an error:Mounting local filesystems...mount: special device /dev/mapper/isw_bbfedcffgi_Volume0p6 does not exist. failed
I've tried using fsck - no result the file system is healthy, I've tried formatting it once again (fresh copy, no user data) and it's not working. What is more mounting the partition manually goes well - I can read the data and write to it. All other partitions are ok.
I have no idea what's going on and why mounting /home fails. I've written this post on Polish debian users forum, but no response - only to give more info, so I'll put it here also:
ls -al /dev/mapper
crw------- 1 root root 10, 59 Nov 9 19:34 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 9 19:34 isw_bbfedcffgi_Volume0 -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 9 19:34 isw_bbfedcffgi_Volume01 -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 9 19:34 isw_bbfedcffgi_Volume05 -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 9 19:34 isw_bbfedcffgi_Volume06 -> ../dm-4
code....
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Jan 16, 2010
I have three WD 1.5 GB harddrives. 2 of them already in a linear RAID also called Concatenated i think. (the same as JBOD). Can i add the third drive to the RAID without losing data? Update "Using mdadm software raid."
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Jan 26, 2010
I have two drive on my Ubuntu server. I have a 40GB IDE 5400RPM and an 80GB SATA 7200RPM.
Is it at all possible to RAID 0 the two of these drive? I know it's pretty unorthodox, but it's what I've got without having to buy anything.
If so, what are the limits, cons, and/or potential pros of doing a RAID of these two?
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Mar 4, 2011
I am attempting to run Ubuntu 10.04 Server on RAID 1 and am consistently hitting the same issue when trying to boot the system for the first time (after what seems to be a successful install of the OS). I am creating the RAID 1 using the directions found in the Ubuntu Server Guide. The error I receive when trying to boot the system for the first time is...
Code:
mount: mounting /dev/disk/by-uuid/f35415ee-4c14-4eb1-995f-f19fbcd760c7 on /root
failed: Invalid argument
mount: mounting /dev on /root/dev failed: No such file or directory
mount: mounting /sys on /root/sys failed: No such file or directory
[code]....
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Jul 26, 2011
I've had this server for a while and I've periodically received similar errors, but it's been worse lately. I'm trying to diagnose and similar posts have left me with 2, maybe 3, ideas about what could be wrong. Here is the setup: Ubuntu Server 10.10 maverick kernel 2.6.35-30-server Sans Digital TR8 8 bay raid - 2 port multipliers to esata outputs 8 1TB WD Caviar Black Syba PCI-e card with Sil3124 chipset - 2 external esata inputs I do not use the RocketRaid 622 card that came w/the enclosure because I had problems with drivers and configuration so I went with the SI chipset. The raid is configured with mdadm, level 10, running ext3 file system:
Code:
root@i5server:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active raid10 sdb1[5] sdg1[2] sdd1[7] sdh1[3] sdf1[1] sde1[0] sdc1[6] sda1[4]
3906721792 blocks 256K chunks 2 far-copies [8/8] [UUUUUUUU]
[Code].....
What's odd is that the raid dropped out and completely locked up the computer multiple times, then marked one of the drives as failed. I did a readd on the drive and it rebuilt witout issue. Ran e2fsck -f to clean up the problems it had when it crashed, but as soon as I do heavy read/writes the errors start showing up again. This is primarily a media server for music and movies, but also for backups and printing. Heavy read/writes are generally transcoding movies and music which is what I was doing when it failed.
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Oct 12, 2010
I have a few mail servers, a mail log server and a web server running on Centos 5. Now I have a task: to avoid accidental crashes on the production servers while installing updates, my boss asked me to do clones (these clones will all be VMware virtual machines) of the servers (EXCLUDING the actual e-mails and log contents) and then to run those clones on VMWare Server. This way, first I will install and test updates on the clones and - if they will be running without crashes - I will apply the updates on the real production servers themselves.
I have already installed VMWare Server 2.0 I have a few questions: How do I build the virtual machines to exclude the actual mail files and mail logs? Can I use VMware Converter for this purpose, or do I have to use another program? How do I actually do this cloning? Is there a tutorial on how to do this?
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May 17, 2010
I have a problem installing Ubuntu on an HP Proliant ML115. This server has a 1TB mirrored RAID setup (and 1 250GB drive), problem is, Ubuntu apparently doesnt like it, it detects the RAID but fails to partition the hard drives and the installation cant continue. I tried the guided partitioning using the whole disk (detected RAID array). Here is what syslog gives me:
May 17 22:32:30 main-menu[504]: INFO: Menu item 'disk-detect' selected
May 17 22:32:30 net/hw-detect.hotplug: Detected hotpluggable network interface eth0
May 17 22:32:30 net/hw-detect.hotplug: Detected hotpluggable network interface lo
May 17 22:32:31 hw-detect: Loading PCMCIA bridge driver module: i82365
May 17 22:32:31 hw-detect: FATAL: Module i82365 not found.
[Code]...
PS: Im very noob regarding this kind of stuff so detailed instructions please, also feel free to give configuration tips
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Jun 3, 2010
I'm having a problem with the installation of Ubuntu Server 10.04 64bit on my IBM xSeries 346 Type 8840. During the installation the system won't recognize any disk, so it's asking which driver it should use for the RAID controller. There's a list of options, but nothing seems to work. I've been searching the IBM website for an appropriate driver, but there is no Ubuntu version (there is Red Hat, SUSE, etc). I was thinking about downloading the correct driver onto a floppy disk to finalize the installation, but apparently no 'general' Linux driver to solve the problem here.
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Jun 15, 2010
I've recently completed a fresh install of 10.04 on a home file server and upgraded the hard drives in my storage array. My PREVIOUS hardware was:
Old version of Ubuntu (I forget which one exactly, but I know I had missed a few upgrade cycles)
3X 500 GB Seagate Baracuda's (for the array)
Areca 1220 Hardware RAID controller
Intel Core 2 Duo 6600
320 GB Seagate for the boot drive
I was running that hardware for about five years or so and it was rock solid. After the upgrade the hardware specs are:
Ubuntu 10.04
Areca 1220 hardware RAID controller
4x 1000GB Samsung
Intel Core 2 Duo 6600
320 GB Seagate for the boot drive.
The fresh install of Ubuntu 10.04 went remarkably well. The drivers for that raid controller are in the kernel, which is great. I was able to access the old array after upgrading Ubuntu. Now I am trying to create a new array with the four 1000 GB drives in a RAID 5. Obviously that gives a maximum storage capacity of 3 TB, greater than the 2 TB threshold that seems to be so important. I've been doing some digging and here is where my questions start:
it appears as though gparted doesn't support file partitions greater than 2 TB, correct?
it also doesn't seem as though parted supports ext3 or ext4, is that correct?
If this is the case, how do I create a partition with ext4 that is greater than 2 TB?
I can see the array volume in gparted (which is a relief) but it lists the size as 2.73 TiB, which I find curious because that is over 2 TB, but not the full capacity of the volume. I can also get to the volume in parted. But I see in the parted documentation that using the makepartfs command is discouraged and instead, one should use the command mkpart to create an empty partition, and then use external tools like mke2fs ( to create the filesystem.
how to proceed from here. What does the community think is the best course of action to create a partition of 3TB in ext4? Then I need to change fdisk to automatically mount the array at every log in, right?
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Jul 12, 2010
I'm setting up a web server but I have no experience with RAID. I would like to try this configuration if possible:
2 x HDD 500GB RAID1
1 x HDD 20GB (logs and tmp)
The old 20GB drive I would like to use it to store logs and temporally files (mounted in /var/log and /tmp respectively). With this I'm trying to reduce some disk usage in the RAID drives. In my idea, it would be better to write the access/error logs of the web server in a separated drive to the one serving the files which may increase speed... sounds crazy?
One problem is that during the installation, If I set the RAID automatically it will try to use my 20GB HDD as well in the RAID... Does it will work if I set the RAID first (removing the 20GB HDD) and then set the mount points in it after the installation?
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Aug 1, 2010
I'm in the process of setting up my very first ubuntu server.
Using 10.04 and has 2gb ram
I am using Ubuntu's software raid (mdadm)
It will be a file server, with 4 hard drives (3 in RAID5 and 1 as a spare)
All 4 drives have 2 partitions:
Partition 1 - 100mb
Partition 2 - The remaining drive space
I setup the first 3 drives' partition 1's to be RAID1 with the 4th drive's partition 1 as a spare. This is where I'm mounting "/boot" (it's my understanding that /boot cannot be on a RAID5). I setup the first 3 drives' partition 2's to be RAID5 with the 4th drive's partition 2 as a spare. This its where I'm mounting. I believe so far I'm setup correctly to be able to deal with a drive failure and the system should operate just fine. What I don't know what to do is with the /swap. I want to retain the ability to be able to operate with a drive going down. But I have also read warnings about putting /swap on a raid. How would you setup /swap?
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Dec 16, 2010
I am trying to build a storage server using software RAID. After getting writing RAID information to what I thought was the drives, I realized the configuration was not going to work. Since that time I have modified the RAID configuration more than once plus this is a project that was started a few months back. Between the time delays and currently written configuration, things are a confusing mess.
What I would like to do is wipe out all software RAID and start all over again. The problem is that I am unable to figure out how to get rid of it. I used DBAN to wipe out all four of my 1 TB drives which took a while. But still, the RAID configuration pulls up when I try to do a new install. Where is the RAID configuration data stored at if not on the HD? How can I scrub that information off so I can start all over again?
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Jan 11, 2011
I'm using a Intel mac pro running Ubuntu Server 10.4 64bit, and I have it working. Currently, I'm just using Ubuntu using bootcamp, and not using EFI. The OS drive is 250gb which I know is more than enough, but it was what I had free at the time. I added 3 1tb drives to the computer, but not sure how to create a raid with them. I've done some searching, but still haven't been able to get it done successfully.
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Mar 26, 2011
I have an Areca hardware RAID array that I'm trying to format & partition on a fresh Ubuntu 10.04 LTS installation. The OS drive is not on the RAID card, it's entirely separate. The RAID is a 6TB volume so I realize I have to use parted to format it, not fdisk (which I've always relied on).
My problem is that I can't figure out how to get parted to like my settings. It seems like everything I try gives me the warning "Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance." Here's what I'm doing:
Code:
(parted) p
Model: Areca ARC-1280-VOL#00 (scsi)[code].....
What start/end settings should I use to get a properly aligned partition? How do I know?I have tried a mix and match of 0, 0s, 1, 1s, -0, -0s, -1, -1s, 100% for my start/end with no success.
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