Ubuntu Installation :: Create Aligned Partitions With Fdisk On EBS?
Jul 17, 2010
After reading Markus Ewald blogpost on http:[url]...n-ssd-on-linux about Aligning an SSD on Linux I decided to give it a try.I have bought two 80 GB Intel X25-M SSD for my home server. The plan is to install Ubuntu 10.04 64-bit server and use the SSDs as system discs and vmware data storage using software raid for redundancy.After reading the blog post I am not sure how to make all my partitions aligned and set up on EBS (Erase Boundary Size)I am planning for four partitions:Boot, size 1GB
Root, size 25GB
Swap, size 4GB
Data storage for vmware server, size 40GB
According to Markus Ewald I should use 32 heads and 32 sectors.Using the live CD, I started using fdisk -S 32 -H 32 /dev/sda.Fdisk can create partitions using cylinders or sectors, and now I ran into trouble.
First partition /boot must start on cylinder 2 (or sector 1024). Size is 1 GB and the following partition should be aligned and start on a new EBS block. How do I do this with fdisk?Should the next partition start on a new cylinder? Otherwise, after formatting, fdisk gives a warning that the partition is not aligned to the cylinder size? The overall question is how to format four aligned partitions which all are aligned with Intels X25-M EBS. EBS for Intel X25-M is either 128KB or 512KB (Have not found a confirmed value yet)
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Jul 19, 2010
I would like to remove/create partitions on a harddrive without going into the menu of fdisk.
can one pass options to fdisk to create and delete without going into the menu? So that I can write a script to do that automatically.
Or if fdisk isn't capable, what other alternatives do I have?
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May 1, 2010
I'm currently running a Ubuntu 9.10 64bit machine with one of those 2TB WD disks that does have 4KB blocks.Unfortunately the current partition layout is misaligned, so I plan to back up my home directory and start fresh with a 10.04 install, trying to make the partitions aligned as suggested here:what I'm wondering is, does the 10.04 partitioning program take care of the alignment today or I have to resort doing manual partitioning with a separate tool?
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Sep 30, 2010
I have a dell poweredge 2950 server which had red hat on it. I have installed ubuntu on top of it. I have replaced master boot record during the installation of ubuntu as I dont want use red hat anymore. During the installation it asked me for the space I wanted to give for Ubuntu and I provided 10GB. Now I can use only 10GB of my harddrive until I mount other partitions correct?
So when I type sudo fdisk -l I get the below printed:
Code:
Disk /dev/sda: 146.2 GB, 146163105792 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17769 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[Code]....
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Aug 6, 2010
I use with 11.2 a network without problems.Now I installed in the same PC on another hdd 11.3 and get in yast2 network the messages:eth0 not aligned and for wlan too.My driver realtek r8192s_usb What can I do? adda7,
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Jan 18, 2011
i have a question regarding how data is placed on a media, for example the daily used hdd: when we talk about storage we often speak in heads sectors and cylinders. my question is if heads, sectors and cylinder is the true way data exists on a hdd platter?
lets take for example, disk_x
1000.2gb = 1000204886016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track 121601 cylinders.
fdisk -H 128 -S 32 /dev/disk_x each cylinder will be shrank to 2097152bytes, number of cylinders will grow to 476934. but everything will be much more aligned and readable or there is something i don't know and i will loose almost half of the total sector count on the hdd cause 63-32=31. i asked the partitioner just to use 32 sectors from each track and only 128 tracks of the cylinder.
or another example, if i have a cluster size of 4k. why not making each track use 56 sectors or 7 clusters. theoretically i have all files in my storage and each one of them occupies 14 clusters isn't it wiser to make it as described. what happens when i invoke fdisk -h -s params? what will be changed, the disc physically and the way it is accessed or only the partition table? you probably asking your self what the hell does this dude wants? i want to get maximum i/outputs and the widest bandwidth and the nicest readble partition tables and to understand better fdisk -H -S.
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Apr 24, 2010
I had a 500gb hard drive that I wanted to use on my Ubuntu system as a media storage drive. The drive originally had two partitions on it,one was a Dell Recovery partition and the other was a Windows Vista partition. Using the Palimpsest Drive Utility that comes with Ubuntu, I deleted both partitions,created a Ext3 partition using 100% of the space and copied my data to the drive. After I finally got fstab to load the drive, I found another problem. First of all, when Grub loads, two options it offers are:
Windows Vista (loader) on sdc1
Windows Vista (loader) on sdc3
Aside from that, 100% of the drive is not being used by the Ext3 partition.It is showing 434.6gb available on the drive. Fdisk is not showing any other partitions on this drive, so A) why are the Windows loader options showing up under Grub and B) why do I not have 500gb available?Here is a copy of the output fdisk -l:
Code:
Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80000000000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9726 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes[code]....
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Jun 2, 2010
I have a Pen drive which has been moving info between PC's and MAC. PC now sees and empty drive, also does the MAC.I've tried Testdisk & Photorec w/o success.Is there any way to recover the data?
Gorkon
p.s. fdisk -l results are:
Disk /dev/sdc: 1010 MB, 1010827264 bytes
[code]...
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May 7, 2010
I have a 120GB HDD with a 22GB partition for Ubuntu and the rest for Windows XP. Windows finally died on me so I attempted a fresh install on its partition. However, the install threw a ton of errors so I used a LiveCD to re-install Grub and I booted into Ubuntu. I open up the disk utility to re-format the Windows partition so I can re-try re-installing Windows, but immediately I notice that the partitions are not right. If you add up all the partitions, they are about, say, 18 million terabytes over my HDD's 120GB capacity. Ahhh! What do I do?
I don't think anything is terribly altered, since I can still boot into Ubuntu, but I am completely confused and slightly worried that I might kill any chances to save my HDD I can't post a screenshot due to my post count, so the image loses some of its efficacy in making it small enough for an attachment. Here is the output of fdisk -l: Code: omitting empty partition (5)
[Code]...
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Jan 26, 2010
I am preparing for RHCE. While doing the lab I renamed /etc/grub/grub.conf as grub1.conf. Now (obviously) system boots on grub> prompt. Can I recover without using a bootable CD? Another problem that I encountered was, while doing lab for fdisk, I used command umount -al. Now, fdisk -l is not listing the partitions but giving a message:- /proc/partitions does not exist. If I reboot the system this is restored.
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Feb 11, 2010
Anyone have a script, or method, that would allow (c)fdisk to divide a hard drive up into equal size primary partitions?
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Nov 22, 2010
I'm trying to install Zorin OS to my computer, but I can't create a partition on my HD to get it to work. This is my first attempt at having multiple OSs on my computer, and my first delve into anything Linux, so I'm sorry in advance. My problem is that my computer (running Windows 7) already has 4 partitions, so creating another for Zorin won't work. I'm attaching a screenshot so you guys can see the partitions I have at the moment.I really hope to figure this out tonight so I can start to explore the OS asap!
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Dec 1, 2010
I'm trying to install Crunchbang on a partition I made. I managed to resize my Ubuntu for space to install Crunchbang (which essentially is another Linux OS).I currently have Ubuntu 10.10 and Win7 currently installed. The error I get in GParted is the one above in the title. I know there is a way to install a third OS but this problem is killing me. I need some to help my step-by-step. I'm not that bright when comes to technical terms and writing stuff in the terminal. My current filing system:
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
[code]....
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May 30, 2010
I'm trying to install Fedora 13 on the HDD of a notebook, currently used by Windows XP. I have several partitions used but have also about 18 GB of free space.If i try the "use free space" option to install Fedora i immediately get an error:
Quote:
Could not allocate requested partitions:
not enough free space on disk
So I have to create the partitions manually. My disk partitioning is that you can see in the image:For first i try to create a /boot partition (ext3, 250 MB). This operation is completed successfully. But from here any operation i try to create other partitions returns an error like the previous ("...not enough free space on disks")I have over 17 GB of free space, as you can see.Maybe my disk partitioning is somehow strange and the partitioning tool can't handle it properly.
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Feb 22, 2011
I would like to install Ubuntu in a separate partition. I currently have Windows XP on the C drive.
I have the following config on my Presario Laptop:
60gb SATA hard drive
41.6gb available
3% fragmented
I would like to partition the hard drive to install Ubuntu as a dual boot. how I need to do this or point me in the right direction? I did begin an install from a cd I burned from ISO. I started by just going for the auto installation and what it recommended. However, when I tried to install, I got an error message that changes were uable to be written to disk and had to abort??
Assuming I can get past the error I would like to know how to create the partitions for root, home and swap and how much space for each.
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Aug 20, 2009
i have one harddisk /dev/sda it is partitioned as below:
/dev/sda1: /
/dev/sda2: swap
after the centos is installed, i want to create another partition /dev/sda3 to use all remaining disk space. i used fdisk. after fdisk, it requires reboot. The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. Syncing disks.is reboot really necessary? is there any other tools which do not need to reboot?
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May 6, 2011
I recently expanded the RAID on an iSCSI device which is shared out to a linux server. Fdisk correctly sees the new size but it won't let me add a third partition. It complains about overlapping partitions whenever I try to add it.If I 'remove' the partition, the overlapping error goes away. The interesting thing here is that when attempting to use the default sizes to setup the partition the printed screen shows completely different results (which I can understand is why its complaining about overlapping)
I'm not sure why its not accepting the cylinder sizes I want. Anyone have any ideas as to what's wrong here?
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Jul 20, 2011
I have edited my hard disk partition using gparted which created 50GB of free space. I edited my /home which is primary and hence it can not partitioned it. Now, I am trying to create and mount the free space (using fdisk) but the free space is not showing in df or fdisk. can you plz tell me how to create a partition using the free space?
my df and fdisk is as follows:
Code:
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
[code].....
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Aug 7, 2011
Two nights ago I installed the KDE Spin of F15 and it all went smoothly. Then, I decided to try and use Windows' bootloader (it was a dual-boot) instead of GRUB. So I booted into Windows, spun up EasyBCD, added the correct entry for Fedora, and overwrote the MBR. I rebooted and tried to boot into Fedora, only to realize that the Windows Boot Manager had a failsafe that sensed when it didn't boot into Windows, and it stopped me from booting into Fedora.
At first, I booted into my live USB and tried to get GRUB back. After a couple Konsoles full of GRUB telling me that it couldn't mount the drive and install itself, I decided I was probably doing something wrong and it would be much easier to just reinstall Fedora.
I deleted the Fedora partitions I had made earlier from Windows (because it was already running). Then I booted into my live USB and tried to install Fedora. I clicked "OK" to make a partition (that would mount at /boot) that was 500 mb. It told me there wasn't enough space, but sitting right next to one of the already installed partitions was more than 190000 mb of space. So I tried to redo the partition with 250 mb, then I tried to make the swap partition and the main one (that would mount at /). I kept getting the error. I decided maybe it was a problem with the USB, so I rebooted into Windows and reinstalled the ISO onto the USB (with unetbootin) and repeated the process, only to get the same error.
P.S- I tried to use the option to "Use Free Space" as well as doing it manually and got the same error. Also, I saw another thread where a person with my same type of compute (a Lenovo Y560) had a similar problem. It might be possible there's a hidden partition for Lenovo's purposes? Anyways, the other user's solution was to move the an extended partition somewhere. I'll be posting an fdisk soon, in case I have the same problem as the other user. The other user used GParted, but it looks like I can use Easeus too, which I already have installed.
P.P.S- Here's the fdisk in case it will help:
Code:
Disk /dev/sda: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[Code].....
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Mar 2, 2011
Is there a limit to the number of partitions/logical volumes you can create using the partman-auto recipes? If not, any thoughts on why my preseed using the values included below results in only a /boot partition and logical volumes root, swap, and user? Is there another way to achieve putting /, /tmp, /var, /usr, /usr_local /opt, etc on their own logical volumes with preseeding?
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Sep 18, 2009
I have 3 Ubuntu installations & a PCLINUXOS, plus Windows XP installed on one hard disk. I still can boot to each one of them and can mount each one using Ubuntu.
The problem "may" have occurred when I reduced the size of some linux partitions using gparted. I still have plenty of space in each of those partitions.
When I started gparted all of the HD was unallocated. I did that from each ubuntu installation and the PCLINUX installation, plus LIVECDs. All indicated the space was unallocated.
When I did an fdisk -l from a Puppy Linux LiveCD I got a normal start and ends of each partition.
When I tried it from Ubuntu installation or live cd, I received the following types of responses:
Code:
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda5
Disk /dev/sda5: 28.5 GB, 28566397440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3473 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -u /dev/sda5
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 3473.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Plus the Windows partition seems to go over its limits.
Since all of my OS installations are still working, I don't know how critical this is. From reading another post, I understand this might be able to be fixed by making some changes in fstab.
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Mar 22, 2011
I used Ubuntu before, without problems but since the 10.04 version it won't recognize my partitions. I formated my laptop and partitioned it, installed Windows 7 64bit, which I need for my work, and wanted now to install Ubuntu 10.04/10. I then used GParted to check my Harddisk and it is having troubles to recognize my partitions, too while Windows finds them. GParted is giving me an error message saying my partitions are oversized. I am still in the beginning of my Linux experiences and so I don't know what to do. I have two 250GB harddisks (how Windows recognizes them),
[Code]....
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Mar 3, 2010
Xubuntu 9.04 installation CD not detecting any of the current partitions. This all started when I reinstalled windows XP a few days ago.After, the computer wouldn't boot into GRUB and would boot directly into windows.Other threads have dealt with a similar issue, that of overlapping partitions causing libparted/parted/gparted to detect the whole drive as unallocated space. The problem in these threads seemed to be a corrupted partition table, in which the partitions overlapped with each other. So of course I checked the output of fdisk -l for overlapping partitions, but I don't see any obvious overlapping partitions. I've noticed that the partition that used to be linux swap isn't showing up in the partition table at all. I might just be missing something simple here and would like another set of eyes to help me figure this one out. Does the problem have anything to do with the partition table being out of order (ie. not in order of what regions they cover on the drive)? From the liveCD I've run
Code:
sudo fdisk -lu
sudo sfdisk -d
sudo parted /dev/sda print
and have received the following output:
Code:
ubuntu@ubuntu:/mnt$ sudo fdisk -lu
omitting empty partition (5)
Disk /dev/sda: 60.0 GB, 60011642880 bytes
[code]....
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Feb 9, 2011
I am installing Ubuntu on the same hard drive as Windows 7. The partitions of Windows 7 have already occupied the left part of the hard drive. From left to right, the Windows partitions are one partition for Windows booting, one for Windows OS and software installation, and one for data which is planned to mount on Ubuntu. I was wondering how to arrange the order of partitions of root, home and swap, i.e. which is on the left just besides one Windows partition, which is in the middle and which is on the far right?
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Mar 13, 2010
I can't create any formatted partitions in my hdd (/dev/sda) with Gparted or KDE Partition Manager.
With either I can only create an unformatted partition. When trying to reformat it, I get this: [URL]
Quote:
WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
So the problem is apprarently at kernel level. After that the partition will of course just be shown as "Unknown" - even after a reboot. What kinda app could possibly reserve my partition table?
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May 11, 2010
Why when I create ext partitions it reserves 10% of hard capacity?
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Jun 25, 2011
I have installed 10.04 64bit on two machines that have different hardware. After the installation (that went perfectly by the way), I needed to add extra partitions on both machines. Normally I use fdisk for this, and on one machine this went OK. On the second machine, however, after starting fdisk, I got the warning message that a GUID Partition Table was found on the disk, and fdisk was not compatible.
This leads me to believe that during installation on the first machine fdisk was used to partition my harddisk, and on the second machine gdisk or gparted was used. Is this normal ? Is there a way at installation time to force the use of fdisk ?
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Oct 27, 2010
OK, trying to install Slackware version 10 on the Athlon XP Shuttle PC and been hit back hard at the very first hurdle.In short I can't create a partition in Linux.At all!CD boots up OK. Loading in basic kernal.I try and create a partition using either fdisk or cfdisk.BOTH apps reports that the partition table cannot be written to! Both apps run read only mode.So I am unable to create any partitions in Linux.
I booted up a Windows 98 floppy and checked the partition table.Two x30GB partitions.I deleted both of them in case Linux did not like a Fat32 DOS/XP partition table.Tried again. Same read only messages.Attempt to use 'w' in fdisk reports the partition table cannot be written to.Viewing the partion table returns nothing, no matter how I set it up in DOS/Windows.
Only clue is that to my surprise, the DVD RW drive is the Primary master and the 60GB HD is the secondary master. I must have slipped up installing the drives years ago and Windows didn't care. Would Linux? Other than that, nothing in the BIOS that gives a clue. I turned off ACPI support in case. I also tried the ACPI kernal. No joy there either. But DOS/Windows quite happy to build partitions.Cfdisk states that no partition tables exist even after Windows has just created one.So I am at a loss.Any clues? This is a Shuttle PC so the tech is a bit propritory but nothing that various renderings of Windows have not handled.
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Mar 15, 2011
i have server and there is no option from my control panel on data center to make os reload with partitions i need for Openvz , so how can create partitions ? the server have 2 hard.
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Mar 19, 2010
How to automatically create windows partitions(fat/ntfs) through Linux. I have all the required information for partitions to be created.
For example:
Size
Flag
Partition Type
etc.
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