Ubuntu Installation :: GRUB2 Configuration Unclear?
Jul 17, 2011
I need to debug upstart because it really doesn't start the jobs at system start that it should do. The upstart documentation says I need to add the kernel parameter "--verbose". Googling a bit further said I need to specify that parameter in the /etc/default/grub file. I found two lines where I can add it:GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX and GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT.The grub documentation remains unclear about what is good for which. Shall I add my verbose parameter to the one or the other? What's the difference between the two anyway? The _DEFAULT currently contains "nomodeset" and the other is empty. Does one replace the other, or will one be appended to the other?I don't want to screw up my system with this because I only have SSH remote access to that server.
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Aug 3, 2011
After installing windows XP,I did some googling to try to get ubuntu back,but seems messed something up. Right now,every time to boot system,I have to press "e" on first entry in boot menu,then press "e"s to do these two modifications to startup ubuntu corrently:
1,root (hd0,0)
----------------------------
(hd0,0) ===>> (hd0,4)
----------------------------
2,kernel /boot/... root=/dev/hd0 ro ..
[Code]....
2,then try to modify /boot/grub/grub.cfg: change all root (hd0,0) to (hd0,4)
(don't know and find where to change:"kernel /boot/... root=/dev/hd0 ro ..") and restart,thing is being same as before,so how can I get gr ub2 configured right?
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Jun 18, 2011
Im running Ubuntu 10.10 32 bit and Grub2. When running the update manager, I get the following message while it is configuring grub-pc: The Grub boot loader was previously installed to a disk that is no longer present, or whose normally unique identifier has been changed for some reason. It is important to make sure that the installed Grub stays in sync with other components such as grub.cfg...I change my hardware, including hard disks, frequently so that is likely the cause. My computer still boots but I like to fix this if possible. My disk partitions are:/dev/sda1/boot/dev/sda2/ /dev/sda3/home
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Jul 21, 2010
I just got a new hard drive and figured I might as well do an installation of Squeeze (and was previously using Lenny). That went fine, and then I decided that I should copy over my old Lenny installation to the new disk -- mostly to have a working backup without bothering to do a new installation on a partition of the new drive. My partition scheme was a smaller /boot partition and then a much larger / partition with everything else standard (and a much larger /data partition rather than storing everything under /home). So I copied /boot over to a new partition on the new disk, and the same with /. That was done from the Squeeze installation, so the Lenny install wasn't active at the time. I modified all the appropriate entries in /etc/fstab to use UUIDs rather than partition numbers and ran an update-grub.
It detected everything on the old and new disks without a problem. When I went to try and boot up the transferred Lenny installation, it hung on trying to activate the root file system (I've forgotten the exact messaging). Not entirely unexpected, mind you. I went and took a look at the grub.cfg file. It does list that the transferred Lenny is on partition sda8 (correct), it has the correct uuid for the boot partition... but it seems to be setting the root incorrectly. Specifically, the root is still set for the old disk (though in its new position of hd1 instead of hd0), and the "linux" line sets a root for the old device. Or more specifically, this is the menu entry I get, with a few // comments.
menuentry "Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.26-2-amd64 (on /dev/sda8)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd1,msdos2)' // <------ This position is the *current* location of my old Lenny disk/partition
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set [the correct /boot UUID]
linux /vmlinuz-2.6.26-2-amd64 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=795 // <----- that root=/dev/sda5 line is what it was on the old device.
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.26-2-amd64 }
The odd thing there is that it sets the root according to the *current* position of the old install disk (maybe some trickery with detecting the correct UUID before setting the root), but the "linux" line refers to the *old* partition. The two lines will never match up no matter what. Now if I edit grub.cfg manually, I can make it boot (and run) normally, as I've verified. For example, I made a couple manual changes to do this:
menuentry "Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.26-2-amd64 (on /dev/sda8)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos3)' // <----------- First hard drive, partition sda3 is where I put /boot
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set [the correct /boot UUID]
linux /vmlinuz-2.6.26-2-amd64 root=UUID=[the correct / UUID] ro vga=795 // <--- Changed it to the UUID here; could be /dev/sda8 instead
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.26-2-amd64 }
And that works perfectly, the installation works just fine. Of course, the problem is that those changes will/would be lost every time I run an update-grub. So my question, in a nutshell, is how can I configure things so that update-grub sets things properly to the new devices? Or in other words, where in the copied installation are the variables I need to change? I did note one thing odd -- the existence of a vga=795 line. For the new Squeeze installation, I'm using gfxpayload and there's no vga=anything line anywhere. My old installation, of course, had its own grub installation where I did use vga=795 to set the console resolution properly.
So my first guess was that update-grub (for Grub2) was pulling config information out of the Lenny /boot/grub folder (grub legacy). Unfortunately I tried several changes there and it made no difference. Then I deleted the entire /boot/grub folder entirely from the copied Lenny installation and ran update-grub again (the Squeeze grub version). It changed absolutely nothing. That's very confusing for me, since I have no clue where it could be getting vga=795 from, *except* the now-deleted Lenny /boot/grub folder. Where in the copied Lenny installation, I can change something to make it so that update-grub picks up the correct information?
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Sep 24, 2010
boot up in to chameleon, lists only Mac OS X as a boot option. Reboot, load Ubuntu 10.4 install cd, get to a terminal, mount /dev/sda3 /mnt grub-install --force --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sda3
reboot, let chameleon come up, it sees both Mac OS X & Ubuntu partitions and I can boot to either or happily, now here is the problem... If I select linux and boot in to linux from chameleon, i am brought to the grub menu, where i can select the first choice which is normal ubuntu 10.4 and every thing is great... until I reboot and my linux partition no longer shows up in chameleon, as if tthe act of booting in to grub is changing something / deleting itself from the partition? and I have to do the whole thing over again. SO, not having to even go in to OS X, I'm not sure thats really the concerns more as I'm doing something wrong with grub.
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Jan 11, 2010
I find that the new KDE4 notification icon is not very easy to see.The "progress" indication is a microscopic vertical progress bar, that I find very difficult to interpret.OK, it is a minor annoyance, but I do find that I regularly try to use the network on my laptop before the connection has been established.It is also a regression over the icons in 11.1 or before, which were very clear.If people agree with me on this point, I will post a bug, with the aim of getting a clearer icon.
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Mar 7, 2010
i initilally installed ubuntu 9.10 then installed windows 7 ,then i recovered grub2 using livecd as told in the post [URL] i did "sudo update-grub" and got windows 7 menu entry but when i select that entry windows 7 does not load but the grub2 is reloaded again.
i cant boot to windows 7.
Windows 7 have 100 mb partition "System Reserved" the grub2 points to that partition but still windows 7 not loaded.
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c3a81f5
[Code]....
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May 17, 2010
I went through so many post but I haven't found the proper answer yet hope you have an Idea1. Grub2 saves only Linux OS as last selected no Windows OS2.It is possible to boot into a cdrom (drive)?
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Mar 18, 2010
using any sort of rxvt-based terminal with TERM set to rxvt (or rxvt-unicode) then ^L will not clear the screen, only act as newline. This is not the behavior I see on Debian or CentOS. I have the same user environment at each site. Using urxvt on centos, ^L will clear the screen like readline(3) says it should. If I then ssh to slackware, it won't. exporting TERM=xterm will cause the correct behavior after having logged in to slackware, but I'd rather understand why this is happening. I've tried moving aside all the shell startup scripts, setting clear-screen explicitly in .inputrc, setting stty sane nothing doing. Am I missing something?
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Mar 5, 2011
Is it possible to add menu entries for older kernels to boot instead of the latest?
I have tried this in Ubuntu 10.04 and it hasn't worked.
This used to be possible with ease in grub legacy.
I copied the current menu entry from /boot/grub/grub.cfg and pasted it in the /etc/grub.d/ 20_custom file.
Then I changed the kernel number to the older kernel number and the initrd number too. #update-grub puts this entry into 'grub.cfg', but it doesn't work.
I get:
The old kernel is in /boot as well as the respective initrd and config files.
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Mar 28, 2010
how to use Grub2 to boot Windows XP and Linux.
[code]...
there were no entries in the Grub 2 menu after booting. I don't really understand the numbering of hd0,0 to like sda, but I changed "root (hd1,0)" to "root (hd0,0)" if Windows is on hd0, but after rebooting, I still didn't see it. I read somewhere that Grub2 starts partitions at 1, but wasn't sure that was true because in menu.lst they start with 0 sometimes. know entry-level steps to solve this?
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Aug 12, 2010
After removing a hard drive I (thought I)wasn't using, GRUB failed to load(turns out stage1 was on that drive) and it refused to install to a new drive(even after I kexec'd into the system - which was fun, considering the LiveCD used a different name for the hard drive). I finally threw in the towel and installed GRUB2, which worked after removing a second, incorrect root=. However, I can't find out how to switch the font from the fugly default to something that doesn't try to gauge my eyes out with a rusty spoon.
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Oct 27, 2010
I upgraded a while back to Windows 7. I run two separate HDDs, with debian on sda and windows on sdb. Everything worked fine, up until i upgraded to windows 7. The installer forced me to unplug sda. After installing I repositioned the HDDs and was stuck with a "NTLDR is Missing" message. After removing the search -fs--uuid tag from grub.cfg, Windows 7 booted for a good 0.5 sec and then rebooted. All that flashed was the "Starting Windows" page. I see similar bugs reported in the launchpad, but nothing that directly parallels this.
Here's my windows entry in grub.cfg:
Changing ${root} to (hd1) makes no difference. Also, I've been using Windows 7 for moths now without a problem, it's only when I try and boot it form grub2 that I get a problem. Physically removing sda lets Windows 7 boot fine.
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Feb 14, 2011
I have just upgraded from Lenny to Squeeze, and followed the D-I recommendation to upgrade to Grub2. However, the server will no longer boot - giving a 'missing operating system' error, so it's not getting very far in the boot loader process. I have read, in various location that Grub2 supports GPT, but my efforts to fix the situation have met with little success.
I have managed to boot the system using SuperGrub2 (recovery live cd) and can start up successfully from there. However, when I try to fix the grub installation using the Debian wiki recommendation, I'm met with:
<host>:/# grub-install /dev/sda
/usr/sbin/grub-setup: warn: This GPT partition label has no BIOS Boot Partition; embedding won't be possible!.
[code]....
The attached disk is 4.5TB of RAID 5 disk behind an Adaptec 5405 if that's useful.
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Jun 29, 2011
I recently upgrade my grub to grub2 and had problem to boot debian. After trying to fix it myself, I played around with grub-image-ntldr, my debian now works ok, but I cant boot my XP anymore.
Now when I try to boot XP, I got "No grldr" message. If I copy my ntldr and rename it to grldr, my XP will boot ok. So it seems that when I try to boot XP it doesn't chainload ntldr anymore, it is looking for grldr.
I tried to change "chainload +1" to "chainload /ntldr", it complains about invalid signature. Does anyone knows why my grub now using grldr instead of ntldr?
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Aug 22, 2010
I made an error trying to add password protection to Grub2 1.98 in Ubuntu. Now when I try to run the synaptic package manager I get this error message.Quote:E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.E:_cache->open() failed, please report.When I go into the terminal and run "sudo dpkg --configure -a" as instructed I get this.Quote:
Setting up empathy (2.30.2-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libk5crypto3 (1.8.1+dfsg-2ubuntu0.2) ...
Processing triggers for python-central ...
[code]....
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Mar 23, 2010
Daily updated Debian Testing Because Debian is the only operating system on this laptop and I keep at least two working kernels, I would like to hide Grub2's menu unless I press a key (like one could do with Grub). I can hide the menu if the line GRUB_TIMEOUT=0 is in /etc/default/grub but it doesn't appear after pressing SHIFT, which is a threat if the system cannot boot the selected kernel. Right now, the timeout is set to one second. I've read Grub2's documentation and [URL] and tried various combinations, but I haven't been able to make this work.
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May 26, 2010
I Upgraded the system to 2.6.26-2-i686 doesn't boot:
error message on Grub is:
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Mar 26, 2010
My evil nemesis Grub2 has decided to make a move on me again! So I rebooted a few minutes ago and got this:
Welcome to Grub
error the symbol 'grub_env_find' not found
Entering rescue mode
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Apr 1, 2010
After an update on squeeze about a week or two ago, my console font turned green. I'm not exactly sure of the timing, because I switch between lenny and squeeze, and some time passed between the update and the reboot in squeeze.
During the update, I was asked if I wanted to keep my altered /etc/grub.d/00_header or take the package maintainer's version. I took the PM's version, knowing I'd lose my edit (set gfxpayload=1024x768x16). When I add that line to the new 00_header, run update-grub and reboot, the console font is the size I want, but it's a dull green. Reminds me of my first computer. How do I get it back to white and keep the 1024x768 resolution?
Currently booting with grub-legacy and chainloading grub2. If I boot entirely with grub-legacy, and pass vga=791, the console font will be white. It doesn't matter which kernel I use. Currently, I'm running 2.6.32-3-686. Same behavior exists if I use 2.6.30-2-686. If I use 1024x768x8 I get a dull gray instead of dull green.
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Jul 11, 2011
I installed Fedora 15, which was my first real departure from Debian based Linux OSs. I absolutely love the new Gnome 3, and was able to configure F15 to work as I wanted it to. On rebooting I realized that there was no boot loader screen, that F15 just booted and didn't give me a choice as to which OS I wanted to use. Eventually I was able to configure grub to let me see the boot loader and added my old boot loader as a choice. This worked well, maybe not a perfect solution, but it worked. This weekend I installed LMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition) to another HDD. LMDE uses grub2 and after the install F15 was not recognized.
Two questions: Is there a way for grub2 to see F15? or Can F15 be installed using grub2? I really don't mind re-installing from scratch.
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Jun 9, 2010
I have decided to dual boot again because I found a old hard drive laying around.
primary drive: sata 500 gb
ubuntu 10.4 64 bit installed with
boot
[code]...
secondary drive: 120 gb ide drive with xp installed. xp was installed first and wrote the mbr to sda1. I then installed ubuntu 10.4 and it overwrote mbr on sda with grub2. I have tried every combination of the 40_custom script for xp I have found here on the forums but to no avail. The 30_OS probe never seems to see it either. Grub 2 will not see xp. I have it in the menu from the custom_40 but it just reboots the system when I choose it. Any advice is greatly appreciated as I am ready to go back to legacy grub which only took 5 minutes to dual boot last time I did dual boot. I want to give grub2 a chance, since it supposed to be better, but I am getting frustrated.
Here is the output from the boot info script.
Code:
Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010
============================= Boot Info Summary: ==============================
=> Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks on the same drive in
partition #1 for /boot/grub.
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb
[code]....
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Jan 14, 2010
I posted this about 3 weeks ago in the 'Desktop' forum and with no replies feel this may be a better area
I've got Karmic installed on my netbook which I understand uses Grub2 which is still a BETA version.
I still seem to have the original GRUB (legacy) within the file system, still have a menu.lst file but is appears to be showing the contents of grub.cfg at boot time.
What is happening at boot time, is GRUB Legacy handing over to GRUB2 at boot or is the an option for GRUB2 to hand over to Grub Legacy.
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Jan 17, 2010
Here is my current setup. I have installed Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit, Ubuntu 9.10 64-bit, and BackTrack 4 Final in that order. All operating systems are able to boot and all is working well. The only problem I'm faced with is really just an annoyance. Which is BackTrack is showing up with a "Ubuntu 8.10" entry name.
Now I did some research on this. I found out that BackTrack was based on the Ubuntu 8.10 OS so it makes sense why it would show up that way. I found several articles and topics explaining how to modify the GRUB programming files. I guess to change the entry name, but all of them don't seem fool proof to me nor the best way to go about doing things.
One thing I wasn't able to find info on is where GRUB2 actually gets these entry names from. My theory is if I can find out where GRUB gets this info from, I can simply log into the BackTrack partition and change where the "Ubuntu 8.10" entry is to "BackTrack 4" and then run the update-grub2 command within Ubuntu to update the entry names.
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Mar 14, 2010
I installed Ubuntu 9.10 & grub2 on a Toshiba sattellite laptop last night:
- Win XP shows up in the Grub2 menu.
- When I boot Win XP, it says autock program not found, skipping autocheck, then Win XP stops booting.
- I did a little digging on the net, & found I have to unhide the NTFS partition for Win XP (hd0,1)
- Grub2 doesn't have an unhide command.
- I tried to run parttool, & got the "command not found".
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Apr 24, 2010
I installed Fedora 12 on my second drive.
Xubuntu 9.10 is on my master drive, and I use it to install/update grub.
When I installed Fedora, I answered "NO" to installing a boot loader.
After install, I booted Xubuntu and ran update-grub, grub couldn't find (apparently) my new fedora install.
I've tried adding it to /etc/grub.d/40_custom, and when I list /boot/grub/grub.conf, it appears to have added Fedora to the bottom of the menu.
When I boot, it doesn't stop at the grub screen, indicating only one installation of linux.
Here are the pertinent file listings, can you see where I've gone wrong?
Code:
dav@dav-desktop:~$ cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
[Code].....
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May 2, 2010
So I recently tried to install Ubuntu Lucid in the following configuration code...
The installation procedure went fine, and it said it had successfully installed GRUB2. But then, when I tried to boot up the fresh system, GRUB2 didn't even load!!
It's not giving me any GRUB errors, or giving me a 'grub recovery>' prompt, so I suspect that it really isn't even booting into GRUB.
I tried booting into the LiveCD, and installing grub to BOTH /dev/sda and /dev/sdb, but it still does not work, and I am at a loss.
Has anybody else had this problem?
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Sep 27, 2010
Right I had to uninstall windows xp and install windows 7 to play more games! I use windows to play games and that is it. I have restored grub before and I even double checked with this guide: [URL]
I have two hard drives
sda - 320gb with windows
sdb - 100gb /home
-12 gb /
-480gb (NTFS) shared
However after reinstalling grub it still boots into windows! I will boot into windows properly then shut it down cos its coming up with windows was not shut down properly and if that doesn't work it has then been shutdown properly and I will install grub again.
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Oct 16, 2010
I have Win 7 in my hard drive (sda) and I installed Ubuntu 10.04 in other hard disk (a usb disk), but when I try to boot my pc from the usb disk (sdb), the grub shell is displayed. No menu is displayed. When I boot Windows 7 from sda, it runs correctly. The problem it's when i wanna boot Ubuntu. I ran bootscript on the live CD and this is what I've obtained:
Code:
Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010
============================= Boot Info Summary: ==============================
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda
=> Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks on the same drive in partition #1 for /boot/grub.
[Code].....
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Nov 15, 2010
After discovering that the "/boot" partition did not end on a cylinder boundary, I booted back up into the alternate cd, re-partitioned everything and re-installed.It worked fine after thatI can't seem to get Grub2 Installed.
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