Software :: Using Labels In Grub2 ?
Jul 12, 2010
I want to generate a grub.conf that will search for my /dev/sda1 based on the filesystem label, not the UUID.
I did change /etc/default/grub to so that GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID="true" and I regenerated grub.cfg.
But I want to go one step further and change the search statements. I notice they still reference the old UUID. I also know grub2 can search by label.
I could use understanding this page: [url]
Quote:
I'd like my grub.cfg to contain statements similar to this:
Code:
Assuming that's the right syntax, how do I make grub2 generate label-based menu entries like that?
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Feb 14, 2011
Here's the idea -- be able to boot slackware 13.1 DVD from a USB stick, but without using anything like an initrd or loading the contents of the slackware install all into memory first. So the USB stick is behaving like a hard drive (but with one disadvantage, just don't take the usb stick out while you're using it!). It has the advantage of saving on memory though .
In the above thread I had this idea working ok but only with slackware 13 and earlier. In fact I still have the CF card with it on, and it works fine. Only snag is it won't work with the newer 13.1.
Right now, I'm trying to use qemu for the following (not what I wrote above!). The idea is to use qemu to install a minimum slackware 13.1 to the USB stick, set it up and then boot from the USB stick itself (so I'm using the USB stick as the storage medium as opposed to say a hard drive image file).
So let's say (this is what I'm doing) I boot slackware 13.1 (32 bit) and make two partitions;
Code:
I then do a minimal installation of slackware (just "A" and jed from "AP"). Lilo is not installed as later I'll be using GRUB2 to try to boot.
I'm using a slackware package, grub-1.97-beta4-i486-1.tgz for slackware 13.1/GRUB2.
I then boot off the slackware 13.1 DVD but at the boot screen I choose to boot from /dev/sda2 which is the linux install I created earlier. Success, it boots ok and I can get into the slackware 13.1 install on the USB disk (which is /dev/sda2).
I then label the ext3 partition by using e2label;
Code:
And also change /etc/fstab;
Code:
Now I need some sort of bootloader to put onto the USB stick so I don't need the DVD any more. To do this, I'm trying to use GRUB2.
But here's the problem!
When I install slackware onto the USB stick using qemu, that partition is /dev/sda2. It's the first usb/storage medium that slackware detects so it gets the name sdaX. (X=1, fat partition, X=2 EXT3 linux).
But here's the problem. Suppose I take the USB stick over to another PC with a hard drive already inside it. Slackware would see the hard drive installed in that PC as (say) /dev/sda1 and the USB stick would then become the second drive, so /dev/sdbX (X=1, fat partition, X=2 EXT3 linux).
If I specify a specific device (lets say /dev/sda2) then it won't work in another system because if I take the example above, another PC with a hard drive installed in it the USB stick becomes /dev/sdb2 and the GRUB2 boot program would be expecting /dev/sda2 which won't work. What I need to do is to somehow find the install, the root on the USB stick automatically without having to specify it manually.
So here's what I've tried with grub (First thing I did was to install grub with grub-install /dev/sda).
Code:
Snag is it dosen't work :-( I get this booting from the USB stick:
Code:
If I try this:
Code:
I get a very similar result ....
Code:
So what I'm wondering is .... if the "search" line in grub is doing the searching for the root GRUB2 needs to use to boot from - how can I tell the next line, "linux /boot/vmlinuz-huge-smp-2.6.33.4-smp root=...." where to boot from? I can't use /dev/sda2 or /dev/sdb2 because if I try the usb stick in a different PC the stick will be a different device name. Trying to use LABEL= or /dev/disk/by-label/USB/ also dosen't work .
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Jul 18, 2010
When I get a new USB flash drive, I change the labels with the format command:
mkdosfs -v -c -n MyCDs /dev/sdc1
v = verbose
c = check for bad spots
[code]....
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Sep 11, 2010
I used to be able to see the labels above the icons in the dock when I hover over them. For some reason I can't see them now. I think I may have turned something off in the Cairo Dock settings and can't remember where to implement this functionality again.
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May 5, 2011
I just upgraded to Ubutntu 11.04 64 bit, using the default Unity setup. Everything seems to work fine apart from labels on the dashboard, about half of them appear scrambled. When I press the Ubutnu icon on the top left some of the text is also scrambled. I have an integrated Intel graphics card.
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May 17, 2011
Is it possible to change the label name /sdb/usr to /sdb/test?
which means..need to change the partition name /usr to /test?
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Jun 24, 2010
I recently ordered some custom CDs from a local shop. I sent them the ISOs for Debian and a large colorful PNG graphic for the label. They used an inkjet printer to print the label onto some special CDs. A few hours later, I noticed that the red ink transfered to my fingers when I picked up the CD. Previously, I printed some disks with blue, purple, and yellow, but found no such problem.
I wonder if could be damaging to the computer, ie. lots of little paint flakes coming off inside the computer while the CD drive is spinning and heating up?
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Jun 30, 2011
I have a debian 6 system in my basement acting as a media server. Debian is on a separate HDD from the raid drives and there is one external drive. Under normal conditions the Debian HDD shows up as /dev/sdk and the external shows up as /dev/sdl, no problems here because I use UUID for mounting. The problem is sometimes this drive isn't picked up on restarts (its old and I think the issue is the power supply in the base of it, to be solved later) . This wouldn't be a problem but it some how shuffles the drive addresses and the Debian HDD becomes /dev/sde, this in turn messes up a script that does a weekly dd of that hard drive. I am only really worried about this for when I go on vacation and I wont be at home if the power goes out.
So, is there a way to address the entire hard drive (not just a partition) other than the dev file? Why did this change from Debian 5 to 6? I never had this problem before with 5.
In case you are wondering, I find it easier recover from an image rather than do a reinstall, then get all the updates and software, then put in all the backed up files.
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Aug 28, 2010
I like having a very minimal, simple desktop. As odd as it sounds, I would love to change "Applications" to "Apps" on the Main Menu. How would I go about doing that?
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Oct 19, 2010
I am trying to manually set up a number of static IPv6 addresses to one of the physical network interfaces on my 8.04server box.
I tried to use the "ip" utility like that:/ip addr add [myIPv6addr] dev eth0 label eth0:0
which was accepted by ip (no errors) and the IP address was correctly assigned to eth0. But using "ip addr show" I do not see any reference to the label I defined and "ip addr show dev eth0 label eth0:0" does not come back with anything (empty output).
This seems to contradict the information I found on the ip manpage and I wonder if this is a bug or a misconfiguration on my side. Did anyone successfully used the label functionality with ip?
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Nov 7, 2010
I'm using Gnome on Fedora 14 and I'm getting picky on how things gets displayed.
I have a couple of drives and the following entry on my fstab:
they mount to the correct directory but in my desktop. I see 2 icons with the volume labels same with the "places" menu up top. Is there a way to replace the volume lables with the mount points?
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Aug 19, 2010
I have two HDs (let's say sda and sdb). Both are the same size and have the same partitions already (sda1/sda2/sda3 and sdb1/sdb2/sdb3). Basically they are ready to make a RAID1 array.
Writing with new udev rules, I could create and give fix HD labels with /sbin/scsi_id.
Example: For sdb1 I have a fix device name created under /dev as hd2_boot1, for sdb2 I have /dev/hd2_boot2 and finally for sdb3 I have created the device /dev/hd2_boot3.
With using the command "mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 ....", I could create a RAID array.
But, when I check the status one of the RAID devices, like with the command "mdadm --detail /dev/md2", it still shows me as part of the RAID array the sdb* devices, not the hd2_boot* devices. Something like this:
I would like to see basically as member or the RAID array always the /dev/hd2_boot3 not the /dev/sdb3 (like above), is this possible?
Bottom line, I would like to keep the order of the RAID arrays depending their scsi ids, not depending their scsi numberings which is given by the kernel, since the scsi numberings (sda, sdb, sdc and etc.) can change depending the physical connection.
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Jan 25, 2009
I tried upgrading from Fedora 8 to Fedora 10 using the DVD, but I ran into a few problems.After verifying the install media, it was no longer able to detect the DVD. Annoying, but I got around this by simply rebooting and then skipping the media check.The second problem happened after I tried to "upgrade an existing installation". It gives me the error "Multiple devices with label /boot detected. Devices must have unique labels in order for you system to work. Please correct this problem before upgrading".My system's working just fine, so I'm not sure why I'm getting this error. I have a RAID-1 setup, so would that be causing the error? How do I correct this problem without wiping out my system?
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May 30, 2010
Prerequisites :
The GIMP.
Make sure you have the "Gutenprint Printer Drivers Package" and "GIMP plugin for gutenprint" installed (add/remove software, search for gutenprint). A printer that uses a tray loading mechanism for printing disc media.
Procedure :
Open/create the image with the GIMP. I find that an image size of 1394 x 1394 is ideal for normal size discs. To create a working area in the image, first create a white circle. To do this, use the circle selection tool and position the cursor at position 0,0 (top left). Then, while holding the shift key down, hold left click and drag the cursor to the bottom right position, which should be 1394,1394. Fill the selection with white colour. Depending on the hub size of your disc you need to also cut out an area in the centre of the white circle approximately 22 mm in diameter. Position the circle selection cursor 11mm above the centre of the image, and 11mm to the left of the centre of the image. Then hold Shift down, hold left click and drag the cursor until the selected area is 22mm x 22mm. Then cut the selection. Now create a new layer above the white circle and create your image, keeping inside the white circle and outside the centre "hole".
If you are using non full face discs, make the centre "hole" bigger accordingly. Create 2 new background layers, one black and one white. The black is so you can preview the image with the correct shape, and the white one is for use when exporting the final finished image for printing. Remember to make the white layer above the black layer, or make the black layer invisible when exporting the image. I have attached a template for your immediate use. Once your image is finished, you should have a white square image, with your graphics arranged within a circle. White is not printed, so you don't need transparency around the edges. Don't put graphics too close to the edges of the circle or you will get ink on the plastic which never dries. (at least not until you have smeared it on your fabulous artwork ! ) Save the file as the default GIMP xcf format to preserve the layers then export it to png.
To print the image onto the disc. With the image open in the GIMP, In File > Page Setup set the paper size to CD - 5 inch and apply. Then go to File > Print with Gutenprint. Use the option to set up printer and find your make and model. Once you have the correct printer selected, lots of extra options become available.
My Printer settings are:
Print Quality - Best
Media Type - Photo paper
Media Source - Print to CD
CD hub size - Normal
Ink Set - Epson Standard inks
Resolution - 720 dpi
Ink Type - 6 color photo
Page Size - CD - 5 inch
(All the other settings are left as default)
On the Output tab there are more options for adjusting the print quality. Just click "Adjust Output". If you have adjusted the output, close that window then click "Print and Save Settings", otherwise just click "Print and Save Settings". It should fire up straight away. These settings are based on my Epson R200, so you may have to tweak them for your printer model.
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Apr 30, 2010
Is there a command that tells you what the partitions are fdisk -l shows partitions I want to know which is root swap home etc, Labels the partitions?
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Jun 4, 2010
This problem has been bothering me for quite a while. Here is how my nautilus toolbar looks like:As you can see, only Back and Forward buttons are labeled. I hope I can remove these labels to save my screen estate, but I can't find any possible option in Edit -> Preferences after careful review.
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Jun 25, 2011
My original config:
**Partition/Drive info**
/dev/sda Boot----------> 298.09 GB Hitachi HDT72503
20GB /
16GB /swap
50GB /var
[code]....
1. For some odd reason I tried connecting to a samba share as I had it setup and I could not.
2. Looked at webmin and it said my whole /dev/md0 RAID5 was being used..about 7.8TBs. decided to check my RAID5 setup and drives and noticed
**NEW Partition/Drive info**
/dev/sda Raid Array 1 1.82 TB SAMSUNG HD204UI
/dev/sdb Raid Array 1 1.82 TB SAMSUNG HD204UI
/dev/sdc1 /
[code]....
I didn't connect any new drives or anything. I had checked my "mdadm.conf" and "fstab" and everything looked the same?
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Jan 9, 2011
when a new email arrives on my gmail account, i want to be labelled (=tagged), letting an external bash script read the message and choose the right label.
i.e.:
from: ebay
to: me
dear matteo, congratulations! BILL_GATES has just bought one of your items! regards, mr. ebay i can easily write a script to calculate the right label (BILL_GATES) but how can i create it (if not already existing) and apply it to the processed message?
it took me 2 minutes to find a guide on how to configure mutt to view my gmail account, but i can't go any further... mutt has a kind of patch or extension to manage labels (view, edit, apply, etc), but i can't figure out how i could make it an automatic procedure... fetchmail + procmail seems to be the best solution, but (before spending a night with any effort)
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Sep 6, 2010
how can I change the language of the action labels shown in the Keyboard Shortcuts window? System language is set to English (United States), but the mentioned descriptions are displayed in Italian language.
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Jul 8, 2011
Anyone know how device-mapper works, or can someone point me to any docco (other than the man page)?
Couple years ago I wrote a TrueCrypt wrapper script for use on Puppy Linux, and am reworking it for Ubuntu. Puppy sometimes didn't have the 'dmsetup' device-mapper utility available, but TrueCrypt still works without this when the '-m nokernelcrypto' option is used.
My script notices when dmsetup is available and skips this option. When the TC volume gets mounted (somehow using dmsetup), the Desktop icon is labled with the leaf name of the /media/mount_point -- so far, so good.
However, if I force the script to add the no-kernel-crypto option, and the TC volume is mounted without using dmsetup, the Desktop icon ls labled with the size of the volume. Say what?
Running df shows the difference between the two mounts is whether /dev/mapper is used. So *how is* dmsetup making this happen? The manpage isn't much help. Is it just the 'rename' sub-command? I am unable to find any details about this mechanism.
Code:
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Mar 7, 2010
i initilally installed ubuntu 9.10 then installed windows 7 ,then i recovered grub2 using livecd as told in the post [URL] i did "sudo update-grub" and got windows 7 menu entry but when i select that entry windows 7 does not load but the grub2 is reloaded again.
i cant boot to windows 7.
Windows 7 have 100 mb partition "System Reserved" the grub2 points to that partition but still windows 7 not loaded.
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c3a81f5
[Code]....
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May 17, 2010
I went through so many post but I haven't found the proper answer yet hope you have an Idea1. Grub2 saves only Linux OS as last selected no Windows OS2.It is possible to boot into a cdrom (drive)?
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Jul 11, 2011
I installed Fedora 15, which was my first real departure from Debian based Linux OSs. I absolutely love the new Gnome 3, and was able to configure F15 to work as I wanted it to. On rebooting I realized that there was no boot loader screen, that F15 just booted and didn't give me a choice as to which OS I wanted to use. Eventually I was able to configure grub to let me see the boot loader and added my old boot loader as a choice. This worked well, maybe not a perfect solution, but it worked. This weekend I installed LMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition) to another HDD. LMDE uses grub2 and after the install F15 was not recognized.
Two questions: Is there a way for grub2 to see F15? or Can F15 be installed using grub2? I really don't mind re-installing from scratch.
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Jan 24, 2011
I want to load grub2 from grub4dos.I want to load directly the grub2 core. I know how to load first 512 bytes from some patition by chainloader and load grub2, but what I need is to load directly grub2 core without passing by bootstriping code (first 512 bytes).So, my first boot manager is grub4dos, then I can load grub2 and later I load Ubuntu. But I think I have to edit --set-root
What I dont know is how.
In hdd 0,7 (sda8) I have Ubuntu 10.10 and /boot/grub/core.img is in sda8 (hd0.7)
I tried this way:
Code:
title grub2
find --set-root /boot/grub/core.img
kernel /boot/grub/core.img
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Feb 24, 2010
Is there a way to set a key map in grub2? I know you could do it in grub1 with the setkey option, but that doesn't seem to work in grub2.
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Mar 30, 2010
I finally took the plunge and let my debian squeeze install update from grub 1 to grub2. I am not sure if it is working correctly. When it first rebooted I saw it chain load from the grub 1. It went to another screen that said grub 2 and it hung there for awhile and then displayed "fd0 not found" or something like that. Then it jumped to the new grub2 menu screen and booted the os. I went ahead and ran the command "upgrade-from-grub-legacy" and choose all harddrives.
It displayed this:
GRUB Legacy has been removed, but its configuration files have been preserved, since this script cannot determine if they contain valuable information. If you would like to remove the configuration files as well, use the following command:
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May 8, 2011
The following outlines how to install and use Grub2 in Fedora. It will be an ongoing How-To as more of the tools involved are added upstream
Small History... I came over from Canonical/Ubuntu and was surprised to see that Grub2 was not that widely used or even developed..
I found this blog posting from Hedayat Vatankhah at his blogsite and this is what I did to replace the Ubuntu Grub2 with Fedora grub2 with the os-prober that Hedayat ported to Fedora and installing grub2
1: Install os-prober
Code:
sudo yum install os-prober
2: Install grub2 using yum
Code:
sudo yum install grub2
[Code].....
Note I am using Fedora 15 .. this should work with any Fedora release that supports grub2
I want to stress again that this is an ongoing project and will be updated as the changes happen
I got grub2 1.99~rc2 up and functioning perfectly with os-prober
If you compile grub2 1.99~rc2 you must create /usr/local/etc/default and then copy the file grub from /etc/default to /usr/local/etc/default
This will then read and parse the grub file information
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Nov 8, 2010
How can we add a kernel to grub2? i knew the stuff we could do with the former versions, but it seems to have changed. What files should we edit?
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Aug 24, 2011
I am booting a new Xen kernel and it all goes fine up until some point during the boot process when the machine reboots without warning. Unfortunately, I don't see errors flash up just before that happens. Is there a way of booting the machine with a working kernel and looking at a log of the previous boot or something? What I didn't notice is that there is actually an error on the screen. It just flashes up very quickly before the reboot. The error is related to not being able to mount the root filesystem because there is something wrong with my grub configuration.
A normal entry in grub.cfg looks like this:
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-33-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,1)' .....
I added the following in /etc/grub.d/40_default
menuentry 'Xen 4 with Linux 2.6.32.45-xen' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen {
recordfail
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,1)' .....
But it's not working for some reason. I also tried the 20_linux_xen script. Unfortunately that's not working.
See these errors:
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.45-xen
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.45-xen
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-33-server
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-33-server
/etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen: 57: uses_abstraction: not found
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32.45-xen
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32.45-xen
/etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen: 156: gettext_printf: not found
Gettext is installed. I'm on ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The error flashed up on boot is something like "please insert a correct root=boot kernel option..." Why is this so hard and why are there so many different examples of grub2 xen? some put /boot in front some just /. I tried putting /boot in front but that didn't help. Also some have --set=root uuid and yet all my other working entries just have --set uuid. Is this something to do with a different grub2 version?
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Jan 20, 2010
I tried searching for this both in the forums and on google but it seems that everything goes back to MBR installation. I know that "grub-install /dev/sda1" should install it to the sda1 partition, but instead of installing it keeps giving me the following error:
Code:
grub-probe: error: cannot find a device for /boot/grub.
No path or device is specified.
Try ``grub-probe --help'' for more information.
Auto-detection of a filesystem module failed.
Please specify the module with the option `--modules' explicitly.
I tried this with a fresh installation of Karmic on both of my PCs. I tried with --recheck option as well, same error. Installing it to MBR works fine, but I don't want it there, have another bootloader chainloading grub. Every single guide I found installs GRUB2 to MBR, and some briefly reference to "grub-install /dev/sdaX" without going into any detail. At first I thought the problem was because Ubuntu was installed on a logical partition, so I created a separate /boot partition and formatted it as ext2, still getting the same problem.
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