Debian Configuration :: Hdd Dev Letters - UUID And Labels ?
Jun 30, 2011
I have a debian 6 system in my basement acting as a media server. Debian is on a separate HDD from the raid drives and there is one external drive. Under normal conditions the Debian HDD shows up as /dev/sdk and the external shows up as /dev/sdl, no problems here because I use UUID for mounting. The problem is sometimes this drive isn't picked up on restarts (its old and I think the issue is the power supply in the base of it, to be solved later) . This wouldn't be a problem but it some how shuffles the drive addresses and the Debian HDD becomes /dev/sde, this in turn messes up a script that does a weekly dd of that hard drive. I am only really worried about this for when I go on vacation and I wont be at home if the power goes out.
So, is there a way to address the entire hard drive (not just a partition) other than the dev file? Why did this change from Debian 5 to 6? I never had this problem before with 5.
In case you are wondering, I find it easier recover from an image rather than do a reinstall, then get all the updates and software, then put in all the backed up files.
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Jun 15, 2010
I have two encrypted partitions which I cannot find UUID numbers for.
/etc/crypttab looks like this:
[Code]....
and *sometimes this works, other times I have to edit the file and /etc/init.d/cryptdisks restart.
Obviously I should use UUIDs here and in fstab but blkid does not list those partitions
[Code]....
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Jan 19, 2016
I am running Debian 3.2.0-0.bpo.2-amd64 on hyper-v, my / volume ran out of space and is sitting at 100%, I have extended the disk size on hyper-v, however when I go to Fdisk I see duplicates of each disk.
I have total of 2 vhds on the vm, so I see 4 disks under fdisk. Here is the output of fdisk
root@apachevm:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0009bfe8
[CODE]....
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Dec 12, 2010
Recently I faced a problem in typing in English in OpenSuse 11.3.When I try to type in English it shows me Greek letter and worse than that I think it is really Greek (not only in font) because when I enter my passwords or try to type a command in terminal I get error,I tested with UK and USA and all other English languages and I still have this problem. I even do reset in my keyboard layout setting and in KDE setting but it didn't help.
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Mar 11, 2011
Using Linux, I have several backup levels. One of them is a periodical sector by sector copy (using dd) of my laptop harddisk to an external USB disk. Yes, I have other backups too, like remote rsync. This approach (the disk dd) is OK when cloning a HDD with no LVM volumes, since I can plug the external disk anytime and mount the partitions simply mounting /dev/sdb* instead of /dev/sda*. Trivial and handy.
Today I moved ALL my harddisk (including the /boot) to LVM. Everything works fine. I will stress it for a couple of days, and then I will do a sector by sector copy to my external harddisk. Now I have a problem, I guess.
If in the future I plug the external USB HDD to recover any file, the OS will detect a duplicate LVM configuration, with the same name and the same UUID. Even doing a vgrename (which LVM would be renamed, the internal HDD or the external HDD?), the cloned UUID will not change. Is there any command to change name and UUID? Ideally I would clone the HDD and then change the LVM group name and its UUID, but I don't know how to do it. Another related issue would be... In the past I have booted my laptop using the external disk, using the BIOS boot menu and changing GRUB entries manually to boot from /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. But now my current GRUB configuration boots directly from a LVM logical volume, something like: set root='(LVM-root)' in my grub.cfg. So... What is going to happen with duplicated volumes?
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May 26, 2015
I have Jessie on my laptop. The size of the letters during the booting screen when i choose the operating system is small for my convenience. How shall I increase the size?
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May 9, 2011
I have, as I have in the past, copy/pasted a partition using gparted to get a working OS to another place.
I have always done this in the past to a different drive. Never paid much attention to the UUID.
This time I did it on the same drive. The partitions have the same UUID. This is not a good thing.
The copied OS boots and mounts fine as I edited the fstab to go by /dev/sdxy (where x is the drive and y the partition). My grub uses a custom menu using symbolic menu entries so it goes by the partition definition instead of UUID too.
I would really like to change the UUID on that partition.
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Mar 15, 2015
I am running Wheezy as my main OS in the first drive in my desktop. I use the 2nd drive for data. I am trying to add another OS to multiboot. When I ran grub-update in Wheezy, I am getting device letter for the root device instead of UUID in grub.cfg, in the os-prober section. Like this
Code: Select allsearch --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6ee49a8e-a619-49c7-9f66-51a5ca9a48cc
linux /boot/vmlinuz-316-x86_64 root=/dev/sdb3
initrd /boot/initramfs-316-x86_64.img
In the same file, UUID was used for the existing kernels.
Code: Select alllinux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-686-pae root=UUID=c2eecf02-d427-4f2e-9fd0-9db61256cbac ro quiet
echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-686-pae
How can I get UUID instead of /dev/sdb3 for the 2nd OS?
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May 16, 2011
System Fossil age laptop, Debian testing with lilo. SymptomAfter an upgrade (2nd week May), custom kernel compiled, kernel panics on boot, saying unable to mount root drive. (or more precise, unable to mount whatever uuid device). Stock kernel can boot. Workaround Instead of uuid on kernel option, use prehistoric root=/dev/XXX.
edit:The kernel which panics is 2.6.38 (make oldconfig, all default answer from 2.5.32 config)Stock is 2.6.32 On 2.6.38 after boot with tweak, the command "uuid" looks good.
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Feb 7, 2010
I'm about to move a lot of folders from an older computer (sarge/etch) over to a newer with Lenny. But I get problems when I reach folders or files with names that contains nordic letters like øå. I'm using an external drive to move the folders. What is the easiest and best way to do this.
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Jan 30, 2016
I recently built my first computer which has Debian Jessie running on it.
Everything was running great until I updated the computer a few days ago. After doing that and turning it on a few hours later, the keyboard started missing letters (as in it wouldn't register every key click) and was also typing some letters over and over again. It seems that it doesn't matter what key I press, the same problem occurs.
I tried using the keyboard on my laptop; it worked perfectly. I also tried connecting up another keyboard I had laying around and that seemed to have the same issue. Both keyboards are mechanical.
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Dec 14, 2015
Been doing some installations in a newly upgraded machine where I'm setting up two instances of 8.2 in slightly different configurations.Installing from netinst AMD64 DVD with firmware non-free. First installation goes smooth as then the second changes the UUID of the swap partition, meaning that the first then can't find it. To add insult to injury the second installation doesn't install GRUB in the MBR of the HDD.
Nothing different or special about the installation which is standard graphical with manual allocation of previously set up partitions. I don't touch the swap drive in the partitioner - just point to the correct partitions for / and /home as I want them. This is exactly as I've done before, many times.Setup asks me if I want to install GRUB in MBR and I answer "No" (because it would otherwise load in MBR of sda where I want it on sdb) then point to sdb in the next screen. Again really nothing different to what I've done dozens of times.
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Sep 21, 2010
I am using Debian lenny (kernel 2.6.26-2-686).
I changed my menu.lst to use
root=UUID=<long uuid string>
instead of the good old
root=/dev/sd...
I did that because, if I boot with a usb drive attached to my computer, sda become sdb and therefor nothing works anymore since my friend Kernel can't mount it's root partition. BTW, it works wonders using the UUIDs. The story darkens each time there is a kernel update, dist-upgrade resets my menu.lst back using the /dev/sd... format. and BANG... no more booting again. I am good to change my menu.lst back each time.
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Jun 24, 2011
Upon booting my LVM wheezy setup, I get
fsck.ext3: Unable to resolve 'UUID=theUUID'
where "theUUID" (without the quotes) is the UUID
I believe this is caused by me trying to get lvm to use the external /boot because when I had unmounted the external /boot, it was creating a /boot in root. So, I booted a live cd and mounted the external /boot where /boot in the root volume is supposed to be. Basically, I think the problem is that I need to make my /boot (which is the only ext3 partition in the entire system and I want it that way) "relate itself" to the lvm root so that it boots into the system. As mentioned earlier, in the live CD, I made the external /boot mount itself in the root's /boot but I don't know how to tell the system to do this on its own while booting without my assistance. I chrooted from the live cd which involved a lot of tedious stuff but basically the important stuff I did were:
grub-install /dev/sdb
update-grub
update-initramfs -u
P.S.I get the issue in the Subject of this topic by telling tune2fs to mark the external /boot, lvm / and /home partitions as "dirty."
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Dec 15, 2010
UUIDs make fstab hard to read, so.. Is it possible to use udev rules to prevent HDs to change device, instead of using UUID in /etc/fstab?
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Jul 12, 2010
I want to generate a grub.conf that will search for my /dev/sda1 based on the filesystem label, not the UUID.
I did change /etc/default/grub to so that GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID="true" and I regenerated grub.cfg.
But I want to go one step further and change the search statements. I notice they still reference the old UUID. I also know grub2 can search by label.
I could use understanding this page: [url]
Quote:
I'd like my grub.cfg to contain statements similar to this:
Code:
Assuming that's the right syntax, how do I make grub2 generate label-based menu entries like that?
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Jul 18, 2010
When I get a new USB flash drive, I change the labels with the format command:
mkdosfs -v -c -n MyCDs /dev/sdc1
v = verbose
c = check for bad spots
[code]....
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Dec 30, 2010
After installing the RT kernel, and updating my boot loader, I get this message. Code: ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/... does not exist. Dropping to a shell! It doesn't make a difference whether I pass the 'root=/dev/', or 'root=UUID=', options to the kernel. I've also noticed a message while the system was attempting to boot up. Code: host side 80-wire cable detection failed, limiting max speed to UDMA33 This is all strange to me as I was running the Debian 2.6.32-5-686 kernel, without any problems.
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Jun 19, 2010
In the fstab it is written to run :
"vol_id --uuid"
and that it is a robust method...
but well there is not vol_id
command not found
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Sep 11, 2010
I used to be able to see the labels above the icons in the dock when I hover over them. For some reason I can't see them now. I think I may have turned something off in the Cairo Dock settings and can't remember where to implement this functionality again.
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May 5, 2011
I just upgraded to Ubutntu 11.04 64 bit, using the default Unity setup. Everything seems to work fine apart from labels on the dashboard, about half of them appear scrambled. When I press the Ubutnu icon on the top left some of the text is also scrambled. I have an integrated Intel graphics card.
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May 17, 2011
Is it possible to change the label name /sdb/usr to /sdb/test?
which means..need to change the partition name /usr to /test?
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Jun 24, 2010
I recently ordered some custom CDs from a local shop. I sent them the ISOs for Debian and a large colorful PNG graphic for the label. They used an inkjet printer to print the label onto some special CDs. A few hours later, I noticed that the red ink transfered to my fingers when I picked up the CD. Previously, I printed some disks with blue, purple, and yellow, but found no such problem.
I wonder if could be damaging to the computer, ie. lots of little paint flakes coming off inside the computer while the CD drive is spinning and heating up?
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Aug 28, 2010
I like having a very minimal, simple desktop. As odd as it sounds, I would love to change "Applications" to "Apps" on the Main Menu. How would I go about doing that?
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Oct 19, 2010
I am trying to manually set up a number of static IPv6 addresses to one of the physical network interfaces on my 8.04server box.
I tried to use the "ip" utility like that:/ip addr add [myIPv6addr] dev eth0 label eth0:0
which was accepted by ip (no errors) and the IP address was correctly assigned to eth0. But using "ip addr show" I do not see any reference to the label I defined and "ip addr show dev eth0 label eth0:0" does not come back with anything (empty output).
This seems to contradict the information I found on the ip manpage and I wonder if this is a bug or a misconfiguration on my side. Did anyone successfully used the label functionality with ip?
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Nov 7, 2010
I'm using Gnome on Fedora 14 and I'm getting picky on how things gets displayed.
I have a couple of drives and the following entry on my fstab:
they mount to the correct directory but in my desktop. I see 2 icons with the volume labels same with the "places" menu up top. Is there a way to replace the volume lables with the mount points?
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Aug 19, 2010
I have two HDs (let's say sda and sdb). Both are the same size and have the same partitions already (sda1/sda2/sda3 and sdb1/sdb2/sdb3). Basically they are ready to make a RAID1 array.
Writing with new udev rules, I could create and give fix HD labels with /sbin/scsi_id.
Example: For sdb1 I have a fix device name created under /dev as hd2_boot1, for sdb2 I have /dev/hd2_boot2 and finally for sdb3 I have created the device /dev/hd2_boot3.
With using the command "mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 ....", I could create a RAID array.
But, when I check the status one of the RAID devices, like with the command "mdadm --detail /dev/md2", it still shows me as part of the RAID array the sdb* devices, not the hd2_boot* devices. Something like this:
I would like to see basically as member or the RAID array always the /dev/hd2_boot3 not the /dev/sdb3 (like above), is this possible?
Bottom line, I would like to keep the order of the RAID arrays depending their scsi ids, not depending their scsi numberings which is given by the kernel, since the scsi numberings (sda, sdb, sdc and etc.) can change depending the physical connection.
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Feb 14, 2011
Here's the idea -- be able to boot slackware 13.1 DVD from a USB stick, but without using anything like an initrd or loading the contents of the slackware install all into memory first. So the USB stick is behaving like a hard drive (but with one disadvantage, just don't take the usb stick out while you're using it!). It has the advantage of saving on memory though .
In the above thread I had this idea working ok but only with slackware 13 and earlier. In fact I still have the CF card with it on, and it works fine. Only snag is it won't work with the newer 13.1.
Right now, I'm trying to use qemu for the following (not what I wrote above!). The idea is to use qemu to install a minimum slackware 13.1 to the USB stick, set it up and then boot from the USB stick itself (so I'm using the USB stick as the storage medium as opposed to say a hard drive image file).
So let's say (this is what I'm doing) I boot slackware 13.1 (32 bit) and make two partitions;
Code:
I then do a minimal installation of slackware (just "A" and jed from "AP"). Lilo is not installed as later I'll be using GRUB2 to try to boot.
I'm using a slackware package, grub-1.97-beta4-i486-1.tgz for slackware 13.1/GRUB2.
I then boot off the slackware 13.1 DVD but at the boot screen I choose to boot from /dev/sda2 which is the linux install I created earlier. Success, it boots ok and I can get into the slackware 13.1 install on the USB disk (which is /dev/sda2).
I then label the ext3 partition by using e2label;
Code:
And also change /etc/fstab;
Code:
Now I need some sort of bootloader to put onto the USB stick so I don't need the DVD any more. To do this, I'm trying to use GRUB2.
But here's the problem!
When I install slackware onto the USB stick using qemu, that partition is /dev/sda2. It's the first usb/storage medium that slackware detects so it gets the name sdaX. (X=1, fat partition, X=2 EXT3 linux).
But here's the problem. Suppose I take the USB stick over to another PC with a hard drive already inside it. Slackware would see the hard drive installed in that PC as (say) /dev/sda1 and the USB stick would then become the second drive, so /dev/sdbX (X=1, fat partition, X=2 EXT3 linux).
If I specify a specific device (lets say /dev/sda2) then it won't work in another system because if I take the example above, another PC with a hard drive installed in it the USB stick becomes /dev/sdb2 and the GRUB2 boot program would be expecting /dev/sda2 which won't work. What I need to do is to somehow find the install, the root on the USB stick automatically without having to specify it manually.
So here's what I've tried with grub (First thing I did was to install grub with grub-install /dev/sda).
Code:
Snag is it dosen't work :-( I get this booting from the USB stick:
Code:
If I try this:
Code:
I get a very similar result ....
Code:
So what I'm wondering is .... if the "search" line in grub is doing the searching for the root GRUB2 needs to use to boot from - how can I tell the next line, "linux /boot/vmlinuz-huge-smp-2.6.33.4-smp root=...." where to boot from? I can't use /dev/sda2 or /dev/sdb2 because if I try the usb stick in a different PC the stick will be a different device name. Trying to use LABEL= or /dev/disk/by-label/USB/ also dosen't work .
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Jan 25, 2009
I tried upgrading from Fedora 8 to Fedora 10 using the DVD, but I ran into a few problems.After verifying the install media, it was no longer able to detect the DVD. Annoying, but I got around this by simply rebooting and then skipping the media check.The second problem happened after I tried to "upgrade an existing installation". It gives me the error "Multiple devices with label /boot detected. Devices must have unique labels in order for you system to work. Please correct this problem before upgrading".My system's working just fine, so I'm not sure why I'm getting this error. I have a RAID-1 setup, so would that be causing the error? How do I correct this problem without wiping out my system?
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May 30, 2010
Prerequisites :
The GIMP.
Make sure you have the "Gutenprint Printer Drivers Package" and "GIMP plugin for gutenprint" installed (add/remove software, search for gutenprint). A printer that uses a tray loading mechanism for printing disc media.
Procedure :
Open/create the image with the GIMP. I find that an image size of 1394 x 1394 is ideal for normal size discs. To create a working area in the image, first create a white circle. To do this, use the circle selection tool and position the cursor at position 0,0 (top left). Then, while holding the shift key down, hold left click and drag the cursor to the bottom right position, which should be 1394,1394. Fill the selection with white colour. Depending on the hub size of your disc you need to also cut out an area in the centre of the white circle approximately 22 mm in diameter. Position the circle selection cursor 11mm above the centre of the image, and 11mm to the left of the centre of the image. Then hold Shift down, hold left click and drag the cursor until the selected area is 22mm x 22mm. Then cut the selection. Now create a new layer above the white circle and create your image, keeping inside the white circle and outside the centre "hole".
If you are using non full face discs, make the centre "hole" bigger accordingly. Create 2 new background layers, one black and one white. The black is so you can preview the image with the correct shape, and the white one is for use when exporting the final finished image for printing. Remember to make the white layer above the black layer, or make the black layer invisible when exporting the image. I have attached a template for your immediate use. Once your image is finished, you should have a white square image, with your graphics arranged within a circle. White is not printed, so you don't need transparency around the edges. Don't put graphics too close to the edges of the circle or you will get ink on the plastic which never dries. (at least not until you have smeared it on your fabulous artwork ! ) Save the file as the default GIMP xcf format to preserve the layers then export it to png.
To print the image onto the disc. With the image open in the GIMP, In File > Page Setup set the paper size to CD - 5 inch and apply. Then go to File > Print with Gutenprint. Use the option to set up printer and find your make and model. Once you have the correct printer selected, lots of extra options become available.
My Printer settings are:
Print Quality - Best
Media Type - Photo paper
Media Source - Print to CD
CD hub size - Normal
Ink Set - Epson Standard inks
Resolution - 720 dpi
Ink Type - 6 color photo
Page Size - CD - 5 inch
(All the other settings are left as default)
On the Output tab there are more options for adjusting the print quality. Just click "Adjust Output". If you have adjusted the output, close that window then click "Print and Save Settings", otherwise just click "Print and Save Settings". It should fire up straight away. These settings are based on my Epson R200, so you may have to tweak them for your printer model.
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