Server :: LVM Planning - Disadvantage To More Volume Groups?
Apr 28, 2009
I've been using LVMs on some of my Linux servers for years without fully "getting" them. Doing a lot of things by rote. As I setup a new RAID though, I realize I don't have to be so rigid. I inherited a mission critical server with five independent disks
Code:
/dev/sdb1 /usr1
/dev/sdc1 /usr2
/dev/sdd1 /usr3
/dev/sde1 /usr4
/dev/sdf1 /usr5
I've bought an external RAID5 box that I plan to migrate the data to and was planning on this layout.
Code:
Method 1
VGLogVol
/dev/sdb1/usr1 -> usr1disk1
/dev/sdc1/usr2 ->usr2disk1
/dev/sdd1/usr3 ->usr3disk1
/dev/sde1/usr4 ->usr4disk1
/dev/sdf1/usr5 ->usr5disk1
Mainly because the 1 to 1 correspondence is easy for me to understand, and what I'm used to. But I realize it doesn't have to be that way, and I could have one VG with all the LVMs as parts of it, i.e.
Code:
Method 2
VGLogVol
/dev/sdb1/usr1 -> arrayusr1
/dev/sdc1/usr2 ->arrayusr2
/dev/sdd1/usr3 ->arrayusr3
/dev/sde1/usr4 ->arrayusr4
/dev/sdf1/usr5 ->arrayusr5
Is there any advantage to one way over the other? Would using one VG with multiple LVs be kind of like "putting all my eggs in one basket"? Do more VGs and LVs introduce unwanted overhead into the LV Mgr that should be frowned upon? If both methods are equal, I go with the method1. Just more clear to me. But now that I understand the second, I could go that way, if there's a compelling reason.
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Jul 1, 2009
I'm experimenting on a new 5.7TB raid we got for one of our servers before it goes into production. I'm carving the space up into Volume Groups and Logical Volumes. Below is some sample output:
[root@server newhome]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name extraid_sdd1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1.82 TB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 476804
Alloc PE / Size 476804 / 1.82 TB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID LJPJVE-fekS-crS8-uugk-l13z-0NG0-FWv3M3
--- Volume group --
VG Name extraid_sdb1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 3.64 TB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 953608
Alloc PE / Size 953608 / 3.64 TB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID kzlLN4-PyrX-LYUS-h1Tc-1S9F-jVV0-XU5tcK
Because I created this, I know that the second 3.64tb Volume Group, extraid_sdb1, is composed of two physical volumes, /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1, each one 1.82TB in size. My question is, if I hadn't made this and had to work backward, how could I discover that info? I can see that the second VG is composed of 2 PVs by the "Cur PV" line. But if I didn't know that they are my /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1, how could I break that out, as well as their sizes? If it matters, this system is running FC6.
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Apr 26, 2010
How to create multiple Logical Groups out of a single Physical Volume? Here is the Physical Volume I have created:
Code:
# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda9
VG Name myVG1
PV Size 54.88 MB / not usable 2.88 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 13
Free PE 11
Allocated PE 2
PV UUID bon4Ao-vmgC-aP1h-EC9X-w3tN-YXNu-0N2dAw
This is how I am creating a Logical Group out of the above Physical Volume:
Code:
# vgcreate myVG1 -s 4m /dev/sda9
Display:
Code:
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myVG1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 52.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 13
Alloc PE / Size 2 / 8.00 MB
Free PE / Size 11 / 44.00 MB
VG UUID O6ljYC-bflz-EUTd-nf34-8gYe-Fh39-Bh3cOg
But I am unable to create one more Logical Group out of this Physical Volume. Can we accomplish it? Or do we always extend our current Logical Group to utilize the available space of a Physical Volume?
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Apr 8, 2009
Dual PII 400, 512Mb with a Promise SuperTrak 100 IDE Array Controller. At present I have only one drive on the controller, configured for 1 JBOD array. I install FC9 with no problem. New partition is created and formatted, Grub is installed, and then... Grub is found and booted, but then I get:
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... No volume groups found Volume group "VolGroup00" not found Unable to access resume device (/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01) mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root' I can boot in rescue mode, chroot to the installed system. I changed the kernel boot parm "root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00"
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Jan 22, 2010
I'm new to LVM. I use Red Hat and CentOS 5. I'm setting up a database server and I want to setup the local drives for performance. My plan is to have three storage locations, 1st for Linux, 2nd for the application, and 3rd for the data files. Each location will be appropriately redundant. The OS and application drives will be local. Because my goal is to dedicate one spindle for the OS and another for the application, is there a best practice that would say I should create two LVM volume groups.
Each with one logical volume associated with one of the physical partitions or one LVM volume group with two logical volumes each associated with one of the physical partitions? I've read that a physical disk can only belong to one volume group. So if I want to add 70GB to both logical volumes, I could add a single 140GB drive to a single volume group and then add half to each logical volume. If I have two volume groups, I would need to add two additional disks. I may be missing an obvious consideration or be missing a basic concept of LVM.
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Jul 30, 2009
I have couple hard drives from different linux distro's. on the hdd's are logical volumes created. what i want to do is to backup the data from those hdd's. but when I connect some of them and boot up the system it
gives me an error that there are volume group duplicated and it list the UUID. My host system is centos 5. What is the best solution to rename those volume groups or to mount the drives from other systems, so the data will not get lost?
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Oct 21, 2010
I am very new to LVM, as well as not especially experienced at linux, and have some questions about how lvm works. A few months back I set up a server running FC10 and tried creating Logical Groups during the the initial setup. We've realized that we are not using all the available space on the physical drive, and I realized that for some reason (I'm thinking this might have been the default?), we initially created two Logical Groups (VolGroup00 and VolGroup01) and it appears two Logical volumes in each (LogVol00 and LogVol01). LogVol00 in VolGroup00 is mapped to /, and the other Group was actually unused. I figure that it would be simplest to just use all this space mapped to /, so I thought the thing to do would be to simply merge VolGroup01 to VolGroup00. I tried this:
[root@office mapper]# vgmerge VolGroup00 VolGroup01
Logical volumes in "VolGroup01" must be inactive
So after a bit of research, I tried this:
[root@office mapper]# vgchange -a n VolGroup01
Can't deactivate volume group "VolGroup01" with 1 open logical volume(s)
So apparently There's an open volume, but I don't know how to go about closing it. I removed the LogVol00 from that group, but LogVol01 won't budge.
[root@office mapper]# lvremove VolGroup01
Can't remove open logical volume "LogVol01"
So how do I go about closing this Volume? At one point, there was some output that told me LogVol01 was being used as swap space. How do I handle that?
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Jun 18, 2011
I'm planning on the RHCSA 2nd attempt? Has anyone taken it twice?
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Mar 20, 2011
I just imaged my RHEL 4 system that was running on a Dell Poweredge 2950 server using Acronis software and I restored the image to a VmWare virtual machine.
Dell Poweredge 2950 - RAID 5
VmWare - using ESX 4.0
OS - Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 ES Update 5 x64
kernel - 2.6.9-55.0.9.ELsmp
I'm getting the following when I try to boot on the new virtual machine. I'm thinking it has to do with the fact that it's new hardware and it's having trouble either finding the right drivers or pointing to the correct place.
"No Volume Groups found
Volume Group "Volgroup00" not found
ERROR: /bin/lvm exited abnormally! (pid505)
mount: error 6 mounting ext3
mount: error 2 mounting none
switchroot: mount failed: 22
umount /initrd/dev failed: 2
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!"
I was able to boot into Linux rescue mode using the boot CD. Then I typed:
#chroot /mnt/sysimage
Here's all the info from the commands I typed:
#ldd /bin/bash
libtermcap.so.2 => /lib64/libtermcap.so.2
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2
libc.so.6 => /lib64/tls/libc.so.6
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
#uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.9-89.EL x86_64
#df -h ....
I've tried the following:
1. mkinitrd -v -f /boot/initrd-2.6.9-55.0.9.EL.img 2.6.9-55.0.9.EL
2. modified the device.map to point to /dev/sda3
3. changed the SCSI controller in Vmware to use BusLogic instead of LSI Logic. (didn't work because I'm running 64 bit.. gave me an error message)
4. grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
5. tried booting to differerent OS versions (i.e. 2.6.9-55.0.6, etc.). I tried all of the versions listed in the boot menu.
None of these worked.
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Jul 21, 2009
I made an image of a server(A). It did not work because It did not see /dev/sda. So I used another cd from indentical sever(B), cd which had work. Then mounted the nfs copy the image over. Server(B) had slightly older version of sles. And its not using lvm. But point is it had appropriate driver in the image cd.
Now situation is, This new image copied ever thing over.(I can mount it using LIVE CD). But When I boot up server it wont see vg volume group. I believe scsi driver is missing.After booting from LIVE CD I chroot in root used yast to add initrd modules, qla2xxx, mptbase, mptscsih(other server(B) had those). Still when I reboot it, it get stuck saying
Code:
No volume groups found
unable to find volume group
waitnit fot device /dev/vg1/root
to appear .... not found device nodes:
.....
......
.....
No root device found. exiting to /bin/sh
sh: cant access tty; job control turned off
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Aug 31, 2009
I've just been tasked with making our company's workstations available from remote locations over our internet connection. While it seems simple in concept, I know there will be several issues I'll have to deal with. What I'd like to know is if anyone has recommendations as far as software to use and methods for securing connections. I'd like to have communications encrypted, which last I heard OpenVNC couldn't do (maybe that's not the case?). Also, I'm not really sure how the interactions between windows clients vs. my linux server and the remote connections should be handled. Would I need a separate instance of say, OpenVNC, on each client that I wanted to be allowed remote access?
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May 5, 2011
I'm working on a kickstart install to automate a lot of monotony doing installs. When i use the kickstart install i get an error on boot saying "File based locking initialization failed" "no volume groups found". Then it proceeds to boot up with no issues and appears to work just fine. Below is the section of my ks.cfg for creating the partitions: %include /tmp/partition.cfg is included where the partition info usually occurs. The user is prompted in the pre script for how large they would like the partitions to be and then the script below creates the included file with partition info
[code]...
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Jun 3, 2010
we are planning to migrate from RHEL 4 to higher version. Latest RHEL available is RHEL 5.5 and also RHEL 6 BETA is released which will soon available for production.
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Jul 2, 2011
Adding a kernel parameter to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nodmraid" (not 100% it should go there grub2 is new to me, but that is another story) I noticed the following error when running update-grub.
ERROR: ddf1: wrong # of devices in RAID set "ddf1_Series1" [1/2] on /dev/sdb No volume groups found
Now I have not a clue where it is getting ddf1_Series1 from.sdf1 is part of a RAID1 group that has mdadm RAID1 > luks > LVM
md6 : active raid1 sdi1[1] sdf1[0]
1465135936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/175 pages [0KB], 4096KB chunk
Errors bug me.. as I am new to grub2 was wondering if anyone has an insight into the error / where to investigate Still reading the grub2 / grub manuals.
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Feb 4, 2011
I already know of a work around to fix this problem, but I guess my question is why is this not working as expected? I am using a Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory for authentication.
I have run auth-client-config for the ldap profile and pam-auth-update. When running getent passwd, I get a list of both the local users and the users in the active directory (with populated information in the Unix schema extension). When running getent group I get a list of both the local groups and the groups in the active directory (with populated information in the Unix schema extension).
Interestingly enough, though, when I run su DOMAINUSER, after the prompt for the password I get an authentication error. In /var/log/auth.log I can see an entry with pam_ldap: missing "host" in file "/etc/ldap.conf". The SRV records in the DNS servers resolve correctly. I've checked this with nslookup and I have seen the records within my zone file. Obviously if the ldap.conf file is working with getent and the ldap server is resolving from the SRV records, it is working fine.
The interesting part is that the Windows Server 2008 R2 AD machine shows in the event viewer that there was a successful authentication, yet the Ubuntu box says no. When I add the host within the ldap.conf file, everything works...getent and the actual authentication, either initial login or su.
[Code]...
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Oct 12, 2010
I am currently trying to set up a Samba domain server. In the Samba-HOWTO-Collection I found an
example file.(Point 3.3.3.1) In the explanations of the example below, the author says I need to map UNIX Groups to NT Groups. He writes a shell-script of how one could do it, but when I copy it and then execute it, I get the error:
Bad option: rid=512
Bad option: rid=513
Bad option: rid=514
The other groups do get mapped, just the Domain Admins, Domain Users and Domain Guests dont. This is the shell from the HOWTO:
#!/bin/bash
#### Shell-Skript f ̈r sp ̈tere Verwendung aufbewahren
net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=ntadmins rid=512
net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users rid=513
net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nobody rid=514
[Code]...
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Jun 8, 2010
So i am at the stage of about to install the basic system and am using a derivation of the package management provided by Matthias S. Benkmann. To this end I am using his useradd and groupadd scripts to update the files:
/etc/passwd
/etc/group
My issue is that when I run the commands(created as part of temporary system when installing coreutils):
Code:
/tools/bin/su linux
#then as user
/tools/bin/groups
(here linux is the name of the user) This only returns the user being in the group named after user but not the additional group of 'install' Also, prior to logging in as user, if I use this command as root:
Code:
/tools/bin/groups linux
linux install This then returns that the user is in the correct groups. Lines from relevant files look like:
Code:
#/etc/passwd
linux:x:10000:10000::/usr/src/build:/bin/bash
#/etc/group
[code].....
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Feb 25, 2010
I have a centos 5.4 64-bit machine. I installed the directory server following those steps.
I then added some users using the Centos Management Consolecentos-idm-console -a http://localhost:3890 &
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Aug 1, 2010
I have a FTP server (vsftpd), and would like to setup different file permissions for different groups:
-"ftpusers" group should only be able to browse and download.
-"ftpadmins" group should be able to browse, download, AND WRITE (RNFR, RNTO, MKDIR....).
Let's say my main directory is /var/ftp/docs/. It should be accessible by "ftpusers" group, but only writeable by "ftpadmins" group. Other groups or users may not access it. Which permissions and ownership should I give? My problem is that the dir can't be owned by two groups...
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Dec 23, 2010
Is it possible to nest groups so that users can access directories owned by other groups?
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Jan 18, 2010
how to add users to groups with ldap? Further, could someone point me towards some good command-line management tools? Creating each dn manually is going to get old real fast...
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Jun 21, 2010
I am currently using the following code in order to set a user's primary group in samba.Code: force group = +group.This almost does what I need but I was wondering if it is possible to list multiple groups. Something like this would be exactly what I need.
Code:#If user is in group1 set it as primary group, if in group2 set it as primary.force group = +group1, +group2. Does anyone know if this is possible or if I could use a script to force the primary group?
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Feb 2, 2011
I'm having the following problem:I have a machine logging into Win2003, which is working to authenticate. But when any user logs in, it appears some ID's that do not exist.
Example:
root @ ubuntu: ~ # su - nomades
groups: can not find name for group ID 10003
[code]....
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May 19, 2010
i have seven department in my office. i want to restricte web sites for all the departments but not same web sites for all the departments i.e. different sites for different departments.i have no idea about this issue.
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Feb 4, 2010
I have configured a file server with samba and winbind in RHEL5.I am able to allot permission for the active directory groups to my Linux folder.No issues.But i want to set multiple groups of active directory to get ownership to a single directory. Say there are 3 groups a,b,c to have permissions to a folder of the Linux machine.
Code:
chown -R root:Active_directory_group_name path_to_linux directory
I have set
Code:
chmod 770 /myshare
meaning that user and group would have full rights to /myshare
Code:
chown root:a
works great I tried with the option of
Code:
chown -R --reference=/etc/shares_own.txt /myshare
In reference file(shares_own.txt) i gave the entry as
Code:
root:a,b,c
This is not working.
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Feb 9, 2011
this is really a brainstorming thread seeking advise on how to setup some samba shares within a small office network. For the quick judgers:
-no I'm not an IT expect and I'm not even the IT at the office, I just fill in this gap too.
-I have looked into several samba 'by example' tutorials - none seems to fit my needs or answer some of my Qs.
So I seek advise from your experience: What do I know:
-the functionality of the setgid to have subfolders inherit the group owner of the parent folder
-the fact that I don't want samba in 'share' level in order to register the owners of files
-the functionality of acls that enables inheritance of rwx permissions to subfoldrs of a parent folder.
- the groupmod -o option but that doesn't help apparently.
So this is a 25ppl civil engineer consulting office. The physical groups of ppl working here are: engineers, drafters (those who generate the drawings , i'm not sure if thats the correct term), and secretaries. The job usually is done in the following way, once a project commences a project folder gets generated and everything is done in there. incoming mail arrives there (secretaries put it there), engineers do they calculations on speadsheets, write reports and do draft drawings and, finally, drafters take the draft drawings and finalize them. So pretty much everyone of these 3 groups needs write access to the main project folder.
How do I accomplish that? as which group should I create the project folders? It came to mind the notion of group of groups. Now that the actual owner of the file is not so important anymore (several engineers will need to have write access to the folder) and group becomes important, it would be nice to have the ability to add... groups (instead of users) to groups! so that the permissions to a group are inherited by its children groups... Does such functionality exist of can it be implemented somehow?
How do I go about giving access to everyone and at the same time, NOT giving up on the 'user' secutiry level of samba (and NOT just giving rwx permission to 'others'? Is it possible? or Should I instead forget about individuals and match the 'physical groups' to 'linux users' and 'groups of groups' to 'linux groups'? ( This means I should give on ownership of files by individuals )? Since its a small office some work is mixed - engineers might pickup incoming email, a secretary might do abit of drafting work etcetc.
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Apr 9, 2010
i just installed centos 5.4 and trying to make my local repo have groups listing of packages like the mirrors do
so i can make an spin off of the OS to my needs for web servers only / so on but
i cant get my head around the groups making part of the creatrepo
does anyone have any tips or hints or know how to make group listing of the packages
i copyed the DVD to hard drive and the repo .XML files they came with it and tryed that way but no luck yet
im running out of things to try
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Jun 4, 2010
I'm trying currently to connect an Ubuntu-Box (10.04) to our NIS-Server.A few (open-)SUSE-Boxes are working since years with that NIS-Server.The (NIS-)Users can now login to the Ubuntu-Machine, but it seems that the Groups of the NIS-Server aren't imported correctly. I have a NFS-Share which I export from the NIS-Server to all the clients..What can be wrong with the configuration of the ubuntu-machine?
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Sep 15, 2009
Having set up many windows servers with complex permissions on shared folders, I now have to do the same in Linux (and I'm such a noob to Linux) I understand that each file/folder is assigned a user + group, and that the rights can be set for the user, the group and global (aka everybody else) My challenge is this, inside my shared folder there is a folder that should be RW to some users, READ ONLY to others, and not accessible at all to the rest of the users. (lets call the folder MyFolder ) All 3 groups have more than 1 user, so they have to be groups (right?) How would this model work in Linux ? If there is no other way, I guess I can nest the MyFolder in a folder that has permissions to allow all users that may access MyFolder, and block the rest, then on MyFolder, set owner group the RW users, and set global to READ ONLY.
Ps : The server I'm setting up runs Debian Lenny, files will be accessed from windows workstations using samba.
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Apr 13, 2011
I'm trying to create a group called Domain Users, that will include several other groups that are populated with users inside of the LDAP database. In the LDAPdatabase, for a group entry, there are memberUid entries that can be filled. When I try to use another "Group" name, it just lists that name and not the people in that group. So if group "A" has Jim, John, Sue, and I include group "A" in the memberUid of the Domain Users group, I want that to reference the people in that group, not the group name. Testing access right, having the group name listed in "Domain Users" group, does not grant user access under the group rights on a directory. Should be simple, but I don't know the syntax to use for this reference.
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