General :: Merging Logical Volume Groups - Initial Setup
Oct 21, 2010
I am very new to LVM, as well as not especially experienced at linux, and have some questions about how lvm works. A few months back I set up a server running FC10 and tried creating Logical Groups during the the initial setup. We've realized that we are not using all the available space on the physical drive, and I realized that for some reason (I'm thinking this might have been the default?), we initially created two Logical Groups (VolGroup00 and VolGroup01) and it appears two Logical volumes in each (LogVol00 and LogVol01). LogVol00 in VolGroup00 is mapped to /, and the other Group was actually unused. I figure that it would be simplest to just use all this space mapped to /, so I thought the thing to do would be to simply merge VolGroup01 to VolGroup00. I tried this:
[root@office mapper]# vgmerge VolGroup00 VolGroup01
Logical volumes in "VolGroup01" must be inactive
So after a bit of research, I tried this:
[root@office mapper]# vgchange -a n VolGroup01
Can't deactivate volume group "VolGroup01" with 1 open logical volume(s)
So apparently There's an open volume, but I don't know how to go about closing it. I removed the LogVol00 from that group, but LogVol01 won't budge.
[root@office mapper]# lvremove VolGroup01
Can't remove open logical volume "LogVol01"
So how do I go about closing this Volume? At one point, there was some output that told me LogVol01 was being used as swap space. How do I handle that?
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Apr 26, 2010
How to create multiple Logical Groups out of a single Physical Volume? Here is the Physical Volume I have created:
Code:
# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda9
VG Name myVG1
PV Size 54.88 MB / not usable 2.88 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 13
Free PE 11
Allocated PE 2
PV UUID bon4Ao-vmgC-aP1h-EC9X-w3tN-YXNu-0N2dAw
This is how I am creating a Logical Group out of the above Physical Volume:
Code:
# vgcreate myVG1 -s 4m /dev/sda9
Display:
Code:
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myVG1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 52.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 13
Alloc PE / Size 2 / 8.00 MB
Free PE / Size 11 / 44.00 MB
VG UUID O6ljYC-bflz-EUTd-nf34-8gYe-Fh39-Bh3cOg
But I am unable to create one more Logical Group out of this Physical Volume. Can we accomplish it? Or do we always extend our current Logical Group to utilize the available space of a Physical Volume?
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Dec 1, 2010
I'm rearranging a bunch of disks on my server at home and I find myself in the position of wanting to move a bunch of LVM logical volumes to another volume group. Is there a simple way to do this? I saw mention of a cplv command but this seems to be either old or not something that was ever available for linux.
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Jan 22, 2010
I'm new to LVM. I use Red Hat and CentOS 5. I'm setting up a database server and I want to setup the local drives for performance. My plan is to have three storage locations, 1st for Linux, 2nd for the application, and 3rd for the data files. Each location will be appropriately redundant. The OS and application drives will be local. Because my goal is to dedicate one spindle for the OS and another for the application, is there a best practice that would say I should create two LVM volume groups.
Each with one logical volume associated with one of the physical partitions or one LVM volume group with two logical volumes each associated with one of the physical partitions? I've read that a physical disk can only belong to one volume group. So if I want to add 70GB to both logical volumes, I could add a single 140GB drive to a single volume group and then add half to each logical volume. If I have two volume groups, I would need to add two additional disks. I may be missing an obvious consideration or be missing a basic concept of LVM.
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Jul 14, 2010
Hi. We have a cluster consisting of 10 logical volumes all part of one filesystem. Is there a way to know which logical volume owns a certain file/inode? I have tried what is suggested at this link, but the output is the filesystem and not a specific logical volume.
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May 7, 2011
I have a system with a 2TB RAID level 1 installed (2 x 2TB drives, configured as RAID1 through the BIOS). I installed Centos 5.5 and it runs fine. I now added another 2x2TB drives and configured them as RAID1 through the BIOS.
How do I add this new RAID volume to the existing logical volume?
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Jul 30, 2009
I have couple hard drives from different linux distro's. on the hdd's are logical volumes created. what i want to do is to backup the data from those hdd's. but when I connect some of them and boot up the system it
gives me an error that there are volume group duplicated and it list the UUID. My host system is centos 5. What is the best solution to rename those volume groups or to mount the drives from other systems, so the data will not get lost?
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Jul 7, 2010
I recently resized one of my Logical Volumes that contained 160MB data from 500MB to 6.5GB. After resizing it, I checked the size of the data via 'du -sh' and found that my data had reduced to 143MB.
Fortunately, I backed up the the 160MB of data on another partition before resizing the Logical Volume. I ran 'diff' on both directories holding the 160MB and 143MB, but there was no difference detected.
how come there is a 17MB difference after resizing?
In case you're wondering how I performed my resize, this is what i did:
e2fsck -f /dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00
lvextend -L +6G /dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00
resize2fs -p /dev/VolGroup01/LogVol00
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Dec 1, 2010
Is it possible to create a logical volume of 18TB in size? I was able to create the volume group but I'm having issues with the logical volume.
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Oct 26, 2010
Back in the day, I foolishly installed my Fedora server with the default logical volume layout on one physical volume. Knowing now that this is a huge waste of space (partition is large) I'd like to reduce the logical volume and somehow detach this now unused space and mount as a normal partition. Is this possible? Only 20GB of the 160GB has been used for the OS. Home partition is on a secondary disk.
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Aug 31, 2011
I am installing Debian for the very first time and having read websites similar to [url] I have come across parts of the installation which I do not understand.
For example, I have created logical volumes using the logical volume manager however am unclear what the message regarding writing changes to disk before configuring Logical Volume Manager means.
Once I have created the volume group, I am presented with a window that provides me with the ability to
Display configuration details
Create volume groups
Create logical volume
Delete logical volume
Extend volume group
Option 2 is pretty self-explanatory however am unsure whether it is advisable to segment directories between 2 or more volume groups. What benefits does it serve?
Option 5 provides me to extend a volume group however am unsure how this works?
Does it mean I can assign free space available one 1 physical drive to the existing volume group or does it mean I can assign free space available on a second phyical drive or does it mean both? How does it affect security, performance, etc?
Currently the only way I can see the logical volumes I have created by selection Option 4. Is there any other way? How do most people keep track of the logical volumes they have created e.g. checking off against a checklist, etc?
Next I have the ability to map the logical volumes to mount points however am confused what purpose the none mount point serves as I have the option to select it?
What are mount options for?
What do I use labels for?
What are reserved blocks for?
What does typical usage refer to?
How does the option to copy data from another partition work? What is it for?
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Feb 28, 2011
I have a RHEL4 system with 2 250GB physical volumes. There is a boot partition that is outside LVM and 2 logical volumes (swap and root) within a single volume group. This volume group bridges the 2 physical volumes.
I would like to clone this system onto a single 1 TB physical volume that will replace the 2x250GB currently in use.
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Mar 17, 2010
how easy it would be to read the contents of a physical disk that was part of a larger logical volume. The disk contains a "Linux LVM" partition that spans its entire size. My problem is that one of my disks died, and I have to send it back for a warranty replacement. However, the disk is dead, and I can't zero it out. I'm just trying to assess how difficult it would be (or at least how likely it would be) for a tech that's checking out the disk to get at the data.
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Jun 15, 2010
I can setup variables in ~/.bashrc for my own shells. I can also setup variables globally in /etc/bashrc.but then how do I setup variables for a group in Linux? So that users who belong to this group will see the variables, but not others?
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Jan 1, 2010
so i have f12 installed on my hd with lvm using the whole extent of the HD , i want to reduce it so i can dual boot it with a windows system, i managed to reduce the logical volume to free some space, but i cant seem to reduce the physical volume, is this possible and how ?
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Aug 7, 2010
I would like to ask:How do I setup LDAP auth of users/groups on Debian 5.0?Is it using LDAP Migration tools? Can be done differently? Using different tool? Some nice tootorial?Some up to date book for LDAP or I need to dig in openldap.org?I'm learning by book which is a lil bit older so Im bit confused.
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Apr 8, 2009
Dual PII 400, 512Mb with a Promise SuperTrak 100 IDE Array Controller. At present I have only one drive on the controller, configured for 1 JBOD array. I install FC9 with no problem. New partition is created and formatted, Grub is installed, and then... Grub is found and booted, but then I get:
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... No volume groups found Volume group "VolGroup00" not found Unable to access resume device (/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01) mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root' I can boot in rescue mode, chroot to the installed system. I changed the kernel boot parm "root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00"
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Aug 4, 2010
What is a logical volume? Why should we have them? Is there no need for grub on such a system? All kinds of problems since I tried to install Slackware!
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Dec 21, 2009
I'm using 32bit F12 on my Sony laptop. Each time the system is booted, the sound volume is 100%. Then I log in and set the volume to a much lower level. But when a media application, such as mplayer, is started, the volume is recovered to 100%. The 64bit F12 on a PC has the same sound problem
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Dec 30, 2010
I got a Logitech N700 laptop rest for Christmas. I love it, the sound is a vast improvement over my laptop's speakers. However, there's one problem with it. If I leave it plugged in (via USB), when I power my laptop on, the initial volume is set at max, so my login sound is super loud. It doesn't matter what I set the volume to when I power down the laptop, it will always be at max when I power on the laptop. how to get Ubuntu to remember what sound level I powered down with, or at the very least set a default sound level so that it's not at max when I power on my laptop?
Ubuntu 10.04
HP Pavillion DM3 1039wm
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Jul 13, 2010
I have cluster of 3 logical volumes making a filesystem, is there a tool or command out there that could tell me in which logical volume a file is?
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Apr 7, 2010
I have a Fedora 8 system that uses LVM on one of it's drives (/dev/sdb2). One of the logical volumes is getting full (LogVol02). There is an unused, unmounted logical volume (LogVol03) available. I can see two possible options.
1) Mount the unused logical volume (LogVol03) on a new mount point (/home2) and create more space there
2) Delete the LogVol03 logical volume and extend the nearly full volume (LogVol02) into the now available space.
Option 2 seems like the better approach, since it will seem seamless to the system users. I'm looking for suggestions on how I should go about doing this and what I need to look out for. Is it better to use the command line tools (lvm ...) or the GUI (system-config-lvm) to do this?
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Apr 28, 2009
I've been using LVMs on some of my Linux servers for years without fully "getting" them. Doing a lot of things by rote. As I setup a new RAID though, I realize I don't have to be so rigid. I inherited a mission critical server with five independent disks
Code:
/dev/sdb1 /usr1
/dev/sdc1 /usr2
/dev/sdd1 /usr3
/dev/sde1 /usr4
/dev/sdf1 /usr5
I've bought an external RAID5 box that I plan to migrate the data to and was planning on this layout.
Code:
Method 1
VGLogVol
/dev/sdb1/usr1 -> usr1disk1
/dev/sdc1/usr2 ->usr2disk1
/dev/sdd1/usr3 ->usr3disk1
/dev/sde1/usr4 ->usr4disk1
/dev/sdf1/usr5 ->usr5disk1
Mainly because the 1 to 1 correspondence is easy for me to understand, and what I'm used to. But I realize it doesn't have to be that way, and I could have one VG with all the LVMs as parts of it, i.e.
Code:
Method 2
VGLogVol
/dev/sdb1/usr1 -> arrayusr1
/dev/sdc1/usr2 ->arrayusr2
/dev/sdd1/usr3 ->arrayusr3
/dev/sde1/usr4 ->arrayusr4
/dev/sdf1/usr5 ->arrayusr5
Is there any advantage to one way over the other? Would using one VG with multiple LVs be kind of like "putting all my eggs in one basket"? Do more VGs and LVs introduce unwanted overhead into the LV Mgr that should be frowned upon? If both methods are equal, I go with the method1. Just more clear to me. But now that I understand the second, I could go that way, if there's a compelling reason.
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Jul 1, 2009
I'm experimenting on a new 5.7TB raid we got for one of our servers before it goes into production. I'm carving the space up into Volume Groups and Logical Volumes. Below is some sample output:
[root@server newhome]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name extraid_sdd1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1.82 TB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 476804
Alloc PE / Size 476804 / 1.82 TB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID LJPJVE-fekS-crS8-uugk-l13z-0NG0-FWv3M3
--- Volume group --
VG Name extraid_sdb1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 3.64 TB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 953608
Alloc PE / Size 953608 / 3.64 TB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID kzlLN4-PyrX-LYUS-h1Tc-1S9F-jVV0-XU5tcK
Because I created this, I know that the second 3.64tb Volume Group, extraid_sdb1, is composed of two physical volumes, /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1, each one 1.82TB in size. My question is, if I hadn't made this and had to work backward, how could I discover that info? I can see that the second VG is composed of 2 PVs by the "Cur PV" line. But if I didn't know that they are my /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1, how could I break that out, as well as their sizes? If it matters, this system is running FC6.
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Nov 13, 2009
My computer: (Lenovo T61 Thinkpad, running fc11 for about 2 and half months). Apparently I when I made my partitions I didn't leave quite enough room in my root directory, because I just completely ran out. Here is how my hard drive is partitioned:
1 physical volume group (sda)
4 logical volumes (home, root, swap, var)
The root had about 15 gigs on it, which just filled up. When I restarted to see if that would help, when it rebooted it went fine up to the log-in screen. Instead of the usual fedora blue background, it was black except for the log-in window, which looked very low-res. A little pop-up kept coming up saying the GNOME power configuration settings failed to load or something. When I logged in, the whole screen was black except for the mouse, and I could get no response. I have plenty of space left in home, so I rebooted to rescue mode using the first fedora installation disk, and tried the following command:
Code:
lvreduce -L90G /dev/mapper/DRIVE
which only returned:
Code:
lvreduce: relocation error: lvreduce: symbol dm_tree_node_size_changed, version Base not defined in file libdevmapper.so.1.02
So I couldn't reduce the size of home, and thus couldn't increase the size of root.
IN SUMMARY:
a) the lack of memory in root the probable cause for my computer not working
b) there a good way to reduce home and increase root while running this live disk
Note: When I am looking at it now in the logical volume manager, it says that on the whole physical volume there is only 400MB free. However, when I last looked (about 30 mins before I started having problems) it said there were about 100 Gb free.
Edit: Nevermind. I did some more research and it turned out to be more of a gnome power manager thing rather than a memory space thing, although I'm certainly going to increase my root memory now.
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Jul 22, 2011
I've got a big problem. Earlier this afternoon I tried to unlock my screen, but the password dialog didn't appear (the background did, and I could move the pointer, but no dialog). So I restarted the computer, only for the Fedora bootup icon to get about 3/4 of the way full before the screen blanked out and I got the message "Boot has failed. Sleeping forever." I booted into the liveCD and opened the system installer to see if maybe I could just reinstall the system in place while leaving my data intact. When I got to the partitioning stage, my old partition layout was there...except one LVM volume group was totally missing. And this is the volume group that contained my / and /home, among other things. Another volume group sitting on a different RAID was still there, but ironically it was the one for short-term data.
I have three hard drives, using soft RAID and LVM. Each drive is split into 4 partitions. The first partition of each is part of a RAID-1 where /boot sits. The second of each makes up a RAID-5 on which sits my "Main" volume group for my important data (this is the one that has gone AWOL). The third of each makes up a RAID-0 on which my "Volatile" volume group sits (for /tmp, /var/tmp, and the like). The fourth is swap.
Is there any chance I can restore my volume group so my data can be recovered? I'm not sure if I've got the full layout with volume sizes written down anywhere.
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Jul 30, 2010
I have 3 harddisks, 1 for system and 2 for data.
To manage it more easy, I tied 2 harddisk in LVM. And I made an logical volume. It used ext4 for it's filesystem.
Today, I wanted to format and reinstall the system. So I booted the system using Ubuntu CD. But managing the partition, I accidently delete the logical volume. Because backup(/etc/lvm) was in itself, I couldn't restore the old config. I just create new logical volume.
As I expected, I couldn't mount it correctly. Mount said that "Mount: Mouting failed A on B! Invalid argument!"
I must recover it, because it has a lot of import data. What should I do?
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Mar 6, 2011
I have a system with a single disk that is partitioned as below:
1) hda
hda1 - boot partition - 0.3GB
hda2 - System - 15.7GB
There are 2 volumes on single group. The boot partion is a physical volume and the system is a logical volume. The disk has more room up to 40GB. How can I extend the logical volume. Tried system-config-lvm, but it does not gives the option.
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Jun 14, 2010
I just read and learned about logical volume management today. I have a server running RHEL5.4, LVM2. I have 1 physical volume, with one volume group, and 3 logical volumes. I have no free extents, nor do I have any in my volume group (not sure if it's possible to have free in one and not the other anyway), and I am running out of space on one of my logical volumes. Doing a df -h shows 96% of 9.7GB used on /dev/mapper/MainVG-root, mounted at /. So here's the stupid question: how can I find out what directories/files are taking up what space within this logical volume? As I said I have 3 all together, and the other 2 are mapped to /var and a /var pgsql sub-directory. I figured I could get the sizes of the other directories under / and drill down accordingly, but I seem to be missing some basic rule because the commands I am using and the values I am getting don't add up.
For example, it seemed logical to me to do an ls -lsh on / to try and identify the largest directories. Each directory is listed as being ~4-8K in size. That doesn't make sense to me. So I decided to do a du -sh on each directory. Having done this on all of the / sub-directories and added up those values, there is not enough reported usage here to equal 8.9GB of used space (as df -h / reports).how they would find out how the 9.7GB here is being allocated? Preferably without scripts as I am not ready to add a layer of complexity to this yet without understanding some fundamentals.
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Jan 15, 2010
I'm wondering if there is a way to shrink an ext3 LV mount as / .I tried to with resize2fs ... but seems that isn't possible if the partition is mounted.
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