Server :: Creating Multiple Logical Groups Out Of Physical Volume?
Apr 26, 2010
How to create multiple Logical Groups out of a single Physical Volume? Here is the Physical Volume I have created:
Code:
# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda9
VG Name myVG1
PV Size 54.88 MB / not usable 2.88 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 13
Free PE 11
Allocated PE 2
PV UUID bon4Ao-vmgC-aP1h-EC9X-w3tN-YXNu-0N2dAw
This is how I am creating a Logical Group out of the above Physical Volume:
Code:
# vgcreate myVG1 -s 4m /dev/sda9
Display:
Code:
# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myVG1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 52.00 MB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 13
Alloc PE / Size 2 / 8.00 MB
Free PE / Size 11 / 44.00 MB
VG UUID O6ljYC-bflz-EUTd-nf34-8gYe-Fh39-Bh3cOg
But I am unable to create one more Logical Group out of this Physical Volume. Can we accomplish it? Or do we always extend our current Logical Group to utilize the available space of a Physical Volume?
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Jul 5, 2011
I have a 7.9 TB logical volume I've created from 8 1 TB RAID 0 devices. The volume is formatted with XFS so I can resize when ready. However, I think I want to do something that is not possible. I have 2.5 TB free on my logical volume. I'd like to shrink the volume down to be 6 TB by getting rid of 2 of the 1 TB devices in the physical volume. However pvmove seems to require free extents in order to work. Do I need to add 6 TB of storage, pvmove everything onto it, and then decommission the original 8 1 TB physical devices from the volume?
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Jan 1, 2010
so i have f12 installed on my hd with lvm using the whole extent of the HD , i want to reduce it so i can dual boot it with a windows system, i managed to reduce the logical volume to free some space, but i cant seem to reduce the physical volume, is this possible and how ?
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Oct 21, 2010
I am very new to LVM, as well as not especially experienced at linux, and have some questions about how lvm works. A few months back I set up a server running FC10 and tried creating Logical Groups during the the initial setup. We've realized that we are not using all the available space on the physical drive, and I realized that for some reason (I'm thinking this might have been the default?), we initially created two Logical Groups (VolGroup00 and VolGroup01) and it appears two Logical volumes in each (LogVol00 and LogVol01). LogVol00 in VolGroup00 is mapped to /, and the other Group was actually unused. I figure that it would be simplest to just use all this space mapped to /, so I thought the thing to do would be to simply merge VolGroup01 to VolGroup00. I tried this:
[root@office mapper]# vgmerge VolGroup00 VolGroup01
Logical volumes in "VolGroup01" must be inactive
So after a bit of research, I tried this:
[root@office mapper]# vgchange -a n VolGroup01
Can't deactivate volume group "VolGroup01" with 1 open logical volume(s)
So apparently There's an open volume, but I don't know how to go about closing it. I removed the LogVol00 from that group, but LogVol01 won't budge.
[root@office mapper]# lvremove VolGroup01
Can't remove open logical volume "LogVol01"
So how do I go about closing this Volume? At one point, there was some output that told me LogVol01 was being used as swap space. How do I handle that?
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Mar 17, 2010
how easy it would be to read the contents of a physical disk that was part of a larger logical volume. The disk contains a "Linux LVM" partition that spans its entire size. My problem is that one of my disks died, and I have to send it back for a warranty replacement. However, the disk is dead, and I can't zero it out. I'm just trying to assess how difficult it would be (or at least how likely it would be) for a tech that's checking out the disk to get at the data.
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Jul 13, 2010
WHat is the physical volume in LVM's? Why do we need to create a physical volume first before creating LVM's? I mean, LVM's are created from physical disks, so why do we need to specify it? Didnt get it. Anybody want to help me with this?
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Jan 22, 2010
I'm new to LVM. I use Red Hat and CentOS 5. I'm setting up a database server and I want to setup the local drives for performance. My plan is to have three storage locations, 1st for Linux, 2nd for the application, and 3rd for the data files. Each location will be appropriately redundant. The OS and application drives will be local. Because my goal is to dedicate one spindle for the OS and another for the application, is there a best practice that would say I should create two LVM volume groups.
Each with one logical volume associated with one of the physical partitions or one LVM volume group with two logical volumes each associated with one of the physical partitions? I've read that a physical disk can only belong to one volume group. So if I want to add 70GB to both logical volumes, I could add a single 140GB drive to a single volume group and then add half to each logical volume. If I have two volume groups, I would need to add two additional disks. I may be missing an obvious consideration or be missing a basic concept of LVM.
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Aug 7, 2009
I created a user and I want the particular user in multiple groups. How Should I and after creating the user,If I want to delete that user from a particular group.
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Apr 28, 2009
I've been using LVMs on some of my Linux servers for years without fully "getting" them. Doing a lot of things by rote. As I setup a new RAID though, I realize I don't have to be so rigid. I inherited a mission critical server with five independent disks
Code:
/dev/sdb1 /usr1
/dev/sdc1 /usr2
/dev/sdd1 /usr3
/dev/sde1 /usr4
/dev/sdf1 /usr5
I've bought an external RAID5 box that I plan to migrate the data to and was planning on this layout.
Code:
Method 1
VGLogVol
/dev/sdb1/usr1 -> usr1disk1
/dev/sdc1/usr2 ->usr2disk1
/dev/sdd1/usr3 ->usr3disk1
/dev/sde1/usr4 ->usr4disk1
/dev/sdf1/usr5 ->usr5disk1
Mainly because the 1 to 1 correspondence is easy for me to understand, and what I'm used to. But I realize it doesn't have to be that way, and I could have one VG with all the LVMs as parts of it, i.e.
Code:
Method 2
VGLogVol
/dev/sdb1/usr1 -> arrayusr1
/dev/sdc1/usr2 ->arrayusr2
/dev/sdd1/usr3 ->arrayusr3
/dev/sde1/usr4 ->arrayusr4
/dev/sdf1/usr5 ->arrayusr5
Is there any advantage to one way over the other? Would using one VG with multiple LVs be kind of like "putting all my eggs in one basket"? Do more VGs and LVs introduce unwanted overhead into the LV Mgr that should be frowned upon? If both methods are equal, I go with the method1. Just more clear to me. But now that I understand the second, I could go that way, if there's a compelling reason.
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Jul 1, 2009
I'm experimenting on a new 5.7TB raid we got for one of our servers before it goes into production. I'm carving the space up into Volume Groups and Logical Volumes. Below is some sample output:
[root@server newhome]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name extraid_sdd1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1.82 TB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 476804
Alloc PE / Size 476804 / 1.82 TB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID LJPJVE-fekS-crS8-uugk-l13z-0NG0-FWv3M3
--- Volume group --
VG Name extraid_sdb1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 3.64 TB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 953608
Alloc PE / Size 953608 / 3.64 TB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID kzlLN4-PyrX-LYUS-h1Tc-1S9F-jVV0-XU5tcK
Because I created this, I know that the second 3.64tb Volume Group, extraid_sdb1, is composed of two physical volumes, /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1, each one 1.82TB in size. My question is, if I hadn't made this and had to work backward, how could I discover that info? I can see that the second VG is composed of 2 PVs by the "Cur PV" line. But if I didn't know that they are my /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1, how could I break that out, as well as their sizes? If it matters, this system is running FC6.
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Jun 14, 2010
I just read and learned about logical volume management today. I have a server running RHEL5.4, LVM2. I have 1 physical volume, with one volume group, and 3 logical volumes. I have no free extents, nor do I have any in my volume group (not sure if it's possible to have free in one and not the other anyway), and I am running out of space on one of my logical volumes. Doing a df -h shows 96% of 9.7GB used on /dev/mapper/MainVG-root, mounted at /. So here's the stupid question: how can I find out what directories/files are taking up what space within this logical volume? As I said I have 3 all together, and the other 2 are mapped to /var and a /var pgsql sub-directory. I figured I could get the sizes of the other directories under / and drill down accordingly, but I seem to be missing some basic rule because the commands I am using and the values I am getting don't add up.
For example, it seemed logical to me to do an ls -lsh on / to try and identify the largest directories. Each directory is listed as being ~4-8K in size. That doesn't make sense to me. So I decided to do a du -sh on each directory. Having done this on all of the / sub-directories and added up those values, there is not enough reported usage here to equal 8.9GB of used space (as df -h / reports).how they would find out how the 9.7GB here is being allocated? Preferably without scripts as I am not ready to add a layer of complexity to this yet without understanding some fundamentals.
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Aug 3, 2009
I have a CentOS 5 server with a 250gb hard drive running close to the maximum space on one of the partitions. 87% of 200gb (/home), roughly. I have a second 250gb hard drive which is completely unused. I just recently did some searching through the forums here and found out about LVM and wanted to implement it. Although the downside is I believe it has to wipe a drive/partition before it can add it as a logical volume.
The process I'm considering following is:
1. add this empty 250gb (SDB) secondary hard drive as a logical volume on LVM and copy everything over from the currently filling up partition on my main hard drive.
2. have LVM add in the old partition on the primary hard drive (SDA)
3. extend my logical volume out to include the old partition. Extending my total hard drive space out to 450gb.
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Oct 17, 2009
I have a network (192.168.x.x) that I want to keep closed and private for the most part. I need however to get access to some files generated on the machines in this private network. So I first tried putting two cards in a machine running centos 5.2 and connecting one to the private newtork and the other to the public network. This worked somewhat but I was not able to see this bridging machine in the private network because I could not run 2 samba instances on this machine ( I need one for the public network). So I setup xen on a machine with the 2 NIC's and assigned one card to the host dom and the other to the guest dom which was connected to the private network.
This worked ok, but the only issue was the shared disk space. I couldn't use nfs because each machine operates in a different subnet and I don't know how to export a nfs drive across domains. So I created a logical volume on a disk and mounted this in both domains. This works some times,. but at other times I copy files from the private machine to the shared volume but i can't see them from the other domain. Also sometimes the guest domain which houses the private network server hangs during boot up saying that the logical volume has been assigned and cannot be mounted.
1) Is what I'm doing using logical volumes across domains legal (best practise, etc)
2) Is there another way for me to achieve what I want (sharing a disk partition across domains).
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Feb 17, 2010
I'm sure many of you here have worked with disk quotas and lvm2 and my problem involves both. Basically what I'm wanting to do is have it so whenever a logical volume gets below a certain constraint (10Gb's) ie. it only has that much left - I want to automatically resize it to add 20 GB's. Obviously this can be done rather easily manually, and with a bit of python hacking it can be done programmatically but since this is for production use I was wondering if there was something a bit more fluid. Since this server is I/O intensive ZFS implemented via FUSE is not an option and neither is the still unstable BtrFS.
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Oct 4, 2009
Is it possible to stretch the logical volume "/home" over to a second hard drive using LVM? Would this have to be done during the Debian installation or could it be done after the installation is finished? Should I just make a 2nd /home partition?
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Sep 4, 2009
I've just started playing with virtualization and I started my first VM. I would like to know if it's possible for the host machine to mount the partitions of the VM when it's closed. Right now the VM uses /dev/vg0/vm1 and has 3 partitions on it. I tried mount /dev/vg0/vm1 ~/vm1 at first before I remembered that I'd need a way to mount a specific partition inside the logical volume, not the volume itself!
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Jul 21, 2010
Could anyone give the steps for converting a logical volume to a raw disk to mount Oracle ASM Instance on it?
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May 15, 2009
what the maximum number of logical volumes is for a volume group in LVM ? Is there any known performance hit for creating a large number of small logical volumes vs a small number of large volumes ?
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Jun 21, 2010
I am currently using the following code in order to set a user's primary group in samba.Code: force group = +group.This almost does what I need but I was wondering if it is possible to list multiple groups. Something like this would be exactly what I need.
Code:#If user is in group1 set it as primary group, if in group2 set it as primary.force group = +group1, +group2. Does anyone know if this is possible or if I could use a script to force the primary group?
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Dec 1, 2010
I'm rearranging a bunch of disks on my server at home and I find myself in the position of wanting to move a bunch of LVM logical volumes to another volume group. Is there a simple way to do this? I saw mention of a cplv command but this seems to be either old or not something that was ever available for linux.
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Feb 4, 2010
I have configured a file server with samba and winbind in RHEL5.I am able to allot permission for the active directory groups to my Linux folder.No issues.But i want to set multiple groups of active directory to get ownership to a single directory. Say there are 3 groups a,b,c to have permissions to a folder of the Linux machine.
Code:
chown -R root:Active_directory_group_name path_to_linux directory
I have set
Code:
chmod 770 /myshare
meaning that user and group would have full rights to /myshare
Code:
chown root:a
works great I tried with the option of
Code:
chown -R --reference=/etc/shares_own.txt /myshare
In reference file(shares_own.txt) i gave the entry as
Code:
root:a,b,c
This is not working.
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May 7, 2011
I have a system with a 2TB RAID level 1 installed (2 x 2TB drives, configured as RAID1 through the BIOS). I installed Centos 5.5 and it runs fine. I now added another 2x2TB drives and configured them as RAID1 through the BIOS.
How do I add this new RAID volume to the existing logical volume?
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Apr 2, 2011
I have to run multiple instances of apache on the same physical machine, as we have different OAM policies for different domains.is in the httpd.conf file can I have ServerName same in two instances of apache, like
ServerName: prod_machine (actual machine name)
In the vhconf files I do have different servernames for virtual hosts. Apache instances are running on same IP but different ports. I am including various vhost files in the main httpd.conf file. Can I skip servername in the main httpd.conf file and include different servernames in the virutal hosts configs. OS: Solaris10
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Mar 4, 2010
I'm installing Ubuntu to be used as an NFS storage server for my VMWare ESX servers. I've got a server that has two 2TB drives in it. The hardware raid controller isn't an option because it only sees up to 1TB of each drive. So, I'm trying to figure out to do this using either LVM or Parted. I don't know much about doing this, and LVM was the first thing I tried but it didn't seem to do much. It looks like it just created a smaller partition to install Ubuntu on. It didn't ask me what I wanted to do with the rest of the drive space. I've messed around with Parted and am not sure what to do, to be honest. I found a few blog posts but most started off assuming that I knew how to get to where they were starting from.
It's just two drives, /dev/sda /dev/sdb
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Apr 8, 2009
Dual PII 400, 512Mb with a Promise SuperTrak 100 IDE Array Controller. At present I have only one drive on the controller, configured for 1 JBOD array. I install FC9 with no problem. New partition is created and formatted, Grub is installed, and then... Grub is found and booted, but then I get:
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... No volume groups found Volume group "VolGroup00" not found Unable to access resume device (/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01) mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root' I can boot in rescue mode, chroot to the installed system. I changed the kernel boot parm "root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00"
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Aug 4, 2010
What is a logical volume? Why should we have them? Is there no need for grub on such a system? All kinds of problems since I tried to install Slackware!
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Jan 21, 2011
I want to create different IP based groups so that I may assign different settings according to that group. For example
Group1
172.16.1.x For Officers
In this group I want to limit and add some restrictions along with bandwidth limitations. So that other group may not be effected with these settings
Group2
172.16.5.x For officials
Group3
172.16.8.x For Hostels
and so on. So according to this group settings I will allow the bandwidth, accessing of audio/video site. How I may configure these groups. How to create or define these IP groups and how restrictions be added in each group.
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Dec 21, 2010
I am rebuilding a bunch of servers and want to do it right. They are Dell R200s and R300s with on-board LSI SAS1068E SCSI controllers with 2 SATA drives. The only RAID level supported on these cards is RAID 1. So, to the server, we have 148GB of space to deal with. They currently run 32-bit Ubuntu 8.10; I will be installing x64 Ubuntu 10.04.
I have always seen that it is best practice to partition in such a way that /boot, /var/log, /temp, and /home for example are separated out from /. Usually this is on a RAID5 or higher box. Is there any benefit to doing that sort of thing on a RAID1 box? I realize that this is in some ways a matter of opinion, but I would like the opinion of folks with experience. I'm pretty new to Linux in general.
The main services running on these boxes are Apache2, Tomcat6, MySQL, and Java.
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Feb 23, 2010
I was running through a fairly routine Gentoo install on a 160G hard disk. My intention was to have two partitions on the disks: one for boot, and one to be an LVM physical volume. In a stroke of absent-mindedness, however, I forgot to create the boot partition and only created the LVM physical volumend didn't realize ituntil the end of the installation.Anyway, I just want to shrink the physical volume partition and add in another partition with fdisk. However, this doesn't seem to be working the way I intend. I ran
Code:
livecd dev # pvresize --setphysicalvolumesize 159G /dev/hda1
WARNING: /dev/hda1: Overriding real size. You could lose data.
[code]....
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Jul 13, 2010
I have cluster of 3 logical volumes making a filesystem, is there a tool or command out there that could tell me in which logical volume a file is?
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