Server :: Advanced LVM - Creating Hybrid Drive Of Sorts
May 8, 2009
This is sort of mixed between hardware and software but it seemed more appropriate to me here. I'm building a server for very fast disk access. We have 8x32GB SSD SATA drives and 4x300GB SSD SATA MFT drives. The 300GB SSD drives are the slow kind of flash that writes slowly, and strangely is limited to 10K writes per sector. Long term data integrity isn't a big deal because it is backed up continuously but fast access to data is desired. Additionally the filesystem that contains this data deletes about 2.5 - 4 gigs of data per day, and adds about 2.5-4 gigs of data per day.
My plan is to create a hybrid drive of sorts, where the smaller 32G drives, lined up in RAID0, create a fast "buffer" disk, and on some increment what is in the buffer is written in bulk to the slower writing 300GB SSDs. I had two thoughts on how to achieve this, but ultimately I think that LVM snapshots are the best way to achieve this, put the read only "snapshot" on the big SSD drive and the other "differencing" part of the snapshot on the faster raid0. I'd much prefer a simpler solution where there is one block device to mount and all this is handled in the background.
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Jun 27, 2011
I am getting a new 4kb sector HDD for my laptop, WD scorpio black 750gb, I would like to image existing partitions on 512bytes sector HDD and move them to the new 4kb sector HDD, what's the best way to do this.
present config is as follows:
Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[Code].....
I am planning to keep the same three partitions as the primary partitions on the new drive and add few more logical partitions. I would have liked to move to GPT but since I need Win 7, I am stuck with MBR partiotion table.
Now, I understand how to partition an Advanced format disk, what I want to know is how to move the existing partitions on the 80 Gb disk to the new disk?
I use Clonezilla to copy partitions but it is not compatible unless both the target and the source disks are already using 4096 sector size.
I can use Acronis True Image WD Edition to clone Win 7 but how do I clone Ubuntu?
Also my Laptop's chipset is limited to SATA 1.5, will it cause any issues, I know the bandwidth is not an issue.
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Mar 2, 2010
Hybrid Storage harddisks use a large non-volatile cache to save power and improve speed. I wanted to ask if there's a reasonably simple way to simulate that under Linux. Ideally there would be a FUSE-filesystem that does this, For now this is purely theoretical, but my setup would be a small home server (Sheeva Plug) with an external USB harddisk that goes to sleep after a few minutes of inactivity. To keep it powered down as long as possible, I would like to use a 16GB SD card as a cache for the harddisk, thus simulating Hybrid Storage.
The only possible solutions I found thus far were Hierarchical storage management packages for enterprise use, which are way too expensive for this task.
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Nov 24, 2010
So I finally bought an advanced format drive, the 2 TB Samsung f4. I will be using it on my slackware box, running slackware 12.2 with kernel 2.6.27-7. I intend to format the drive by hand with fdisk and start the first partition on sector 2048, or perhaps boot a livecd and format it with a newer version of fdisk or parted that will natively partition this drive correctly. My real question is, do I have to do anything special to add this drive to an existing LVM volume group? I'm thinking no, since LVM basically just breaks all your data into 4 MB chunks and spreads them across the pool of partitions you've defined, but I've found many conflicting opinions from searching google. To simplify things, I'm not using RAID of any sort, neither hardware nor mdraid.
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Nov 27, 2010
Basically I got Windows 7 installed on my laptop and it's been doing nothing but slowing down more and more even though it isn't used for much more than basic internet use and I realized the hard drive was the cause, I did a bunch of stuff to try to fix it that I won't get into here, and in basic I'm to the point I'm just going to reinstall Windows 7, but this time with the help of Ubuntu's partitioning utilities.
I've already had the first ~5GB of the drive overwritten with zero's (thanks to DBAN) and now I'm booted on the Ubuntu LiveCD and trying to learn the command line stuff for formatting a drive. What I want to achieve is use the smallest amount of space possible for the MBR and that's also a point I don't quite understand.
After some research on Google I read that the MBR is on one sector only the very first one, yet the first partition on a hard drive starts anywhere from 63 to 4096. Why are they so far apart? And can I force the partition to be moved closer? I know I know their is pretty much no purpose to this but it bugs me knowing that their might be 31MB (64 512byte sectors minus 1 (MBR) and 64 (beginning of partition)) just going to waste when I could put the NTFS MFT there. Then the second and last part I want to understand is I want to make the NTFS partition have a 512byte allocation unit size and have it lined with the 512sectors on the hard drive so it can have the max performance. Does anyone know how to do this stuff or could find better info than I have on the internet?
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Dec 29, 2010
I have 2 WD20EARS hard drives on the way (2 TB green WD disks with 4k sectors) and I'll be installing Centos 5.5 in RAID1 on them (2 partitions, one 16 GB / at the beginning and the rest in its own partition). I read the following thread: [URL]
and it seems that I might be having problems with the 4k sectors (Advanced Drive Format in WD lingo). I'm confused as to what exactly to do. I was thinking of downloading Fedora 14 Live CD and partitioning there and then switching to Centos 5.5 to install. Will that work? Seems I want the md 0.9 metadata because it doesn't have the space limit for me (2 TB) and it's stored at the end of the partition so it avoids alignment issues. Will I be able to make that happen with Fedora 14?
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Mar 13, 2011
I have a Rackspace server running Ubuntu Lucid Lynx, where I have installed an IRCd-Hybrid. I can connect to the IRC server using irssi that was installed on the same machine where the server is, but when I try to access it from my computer at home or my friends try I get this error: Code: Connection Refused What should I do?
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Aug 12, 2010
I'm trying to create a user account for my children in Ubuntu 10.04
When creating their account, I have turned off the 'Connect to ethernet and wireless' option of the Advanced Settings.
However, when I log into their accounts, they still have full access to the internet through both the wireless and ethernet connections. Is this option for some other purpose?
Is there an alternate way to limit internet access for childrens' accounts in Ubuntu? (I'm used to MS Family Safety as a filter for internet access - is there an eqivalent for Ubuntu?)
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Dec 3, 2010
Ive been trying to set up an irc server for the past couple of days. It works, but I havent been able to work out how to configure hybserv as well as server admins and ops, etc. Does anybody know of a good tutorial on how to configure ircd-hybrid with services? The endlessly long config file is just too confusing for me.
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Dec 7, 2008
I'm having some problems properly configuring my DNS settings on my Zimbra Server.
I am running Zimbra collaboration suite on Ubuntu Server which is configured at 192.168.1.11 on DMZ. A BIND9 server is also running on the same machine (192.168.1.11). This machine serves as a mail server.
The following is how i have my DNS configured at mail.domain.com and i also have a shared hosting account at domain.com
Code:
Code:
Can i change to the following without any effects on my mail server?
Code:
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Oct 30, 2010
I'm working hard with Nagios 3.0.4 on Debian Lenny. I have some questions. I can't find any information about these issues. I have hosts with a first_notification_delay of 60 minutes.And I have the whole day a Nagios controlling the same hosts. It's good to know if the same host is turned on during the night, but my work period begins at 10:00 am and it finish at 22:00 pm, I'm not a lucky boy I have configured a notification Period to 10:00 am to 22:00 pm.
Question 1: If a host goes into hard state CRITICAL, I know that Nagios waits 60 minutes to send a notification, but What happens if the host recovers before the first_notification_delay period ( for example, 30 min before)?Does it send the recovery notification or not?
Question 2: If a hard state happens at 21:59. Does Nagios wait until the 10:00 am of the day after to send the notification? If the host recovers at 9:00 am of the day after is the notification message cancelled?
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Jun 24, 2011
I have set Nautilus to sort files by type, but for some reason it always, by default, arranges files by size, meaning I have to actually click the "type" column every time I open a new folder. How do I make it sort stuff by type like it's supposed to?
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Oct 25, 2010
I have a Raid5 software partitioned using LVM (at centos 5.2 installation). Actually the raid is composed by 3 320Gb HDD. I would like to replace them with 3 2T hdd, but I'm worried about the alignment issues of the upgrade. I know it is easy to align the raid partition URL But what will happen to the LVM partition? Reformat and install everything is not an option
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Feb 23, 2011
I've been told to setup a first ubuntu sw development pc in my office. Our network domain server is Windows 2000 Advanced. Are there any issues or limitations that would prevent this marriage? Will it be apparent when I crack open ubuntu? Maybe a link to this procedure? Is joining a workgroup equally simple?
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Sep 11, 2010
If the arrowhead points up, the standard behavior is to sort with lower values first and higher values later. In my ubuntu install, it does the opposite. Names and dates sort descending when the arrow points up.
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Oct 5, 2010
Anyone aware of a photo-organizer that sorts by folder like picasa does it? Like when you have all your different albums already neatly sorted into different folders Picasa just lists each folder as a separate album, regardless of date and other information. It didn't work in f-spot when I last tried (couple of month ago) and I haven't tried it shotwell and gthumb yet because it isn't mentioned anywhere under their respective features. Also I'm hesitating to download and install both these apps because I have a lot of pictures which take a while to import.
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Nov 21, 2010
I want to modify the "Advanced search" page in the eprints. But I could not able to locate the file in the eprint directory. The advanced search webpage url is [URL] but I dont find any file called advanced in the eprints directory.
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Nov 21, 2010
I want to modify the "Advanced search" page in the eprints. But I could not able to locate the file in the eprint directory. The advanced search webpage url is "http://localhost/cgi/search/advanced" but I dont find any file called advanced in the eprints directory.
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Oct 7, 2009
however, I couldn't find a place in which it would really fit well. I have 2 hard drives, that I want to backup. I've heard of servers and things like that using a hard drive image. Is this similar to a disk image? What are the benefits of using hard drive imaging as opposed to using DVDs? And perhaps most importantly: how would I go about it using Fedora 10 (64 bit)?
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Jun 9, 2010
My OS hard drive crashed on my file server. and now I am trying to "restore" my drives.
I am having problems re-creating without erasing data my Linux LVM drive. I would like some instructions on how to re-create my logicalVolumeGroups and phisical groups so I can re-mount my Linux LVM partition.
Here is my specific information.
when I do a pvdisplay I only get my boot vg_files group listed
pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_files
PV Size 74.33 GB / not usable 577.00 KB
Allocatable yes (but full)
[Code]...
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Jul 30, 2010
I have to give this computer (currently running Ubuntu 10.4) back a friend who wants Windows 7 on it. I need to create a bootable windows 7 pendrive...
I've tried several ways to do several this, including the suggestions found here and here, but keep getting stuck on the reboot where it tells me the drive is not bootable. In GParted, the USB drive IS marked as bootable.
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Jul 11, 2010
I am trying to install Linux (the distros I have attempted it with are Arch, Fedora, Ubuntu and Mint) on a USB drive and make it work like a removable hard drive, keeping programs and settings. I tried it manually at first, partitioning the drive with Fedora's "Disk Utility" and dd'ing a Fedora 13 iso over. I should note here that I have definitely configured the BIOS correctly, enabled booting from removable media and set it as the default with all other devices disabled, but that I have never actually booted from USB before with this motherboard. On bootup I got
Code:
DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER
I then tried it with Ubuntu 10 and Ubuntu's "usb-creator". This was apparently successful, but on bootup I got:
Code:
missing operating system
DISK BOOT FAILURE, INSERT SYSTEM DISK AND PRESS ENTER
I downloaded UNetBootIn, but the application kept saying I needed "p7zip-full", which I couldn't find anywhere. I then got Fedora liveusb-creator, but whichever iso I give it I get this error:
Code:
Unable to find LiveOS on ISO I looked at the source code and it seems to be looking for a directory named LiveOS on the iso containing the files "squashfs.img" and "osmin.img" Here is the code (usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/liveusb/creator.py, line 575):
Code:
def extract_iso(self):
""" Extract self.iso to self.dest """
self.log.info(_("Extracting live image to USB device..."))
[code]...
I couldn't find much about what LiveOS actually means and why I need it to create a bootable USB, so if anyone could tell me more about this that would be great. Is this (the .img files) the only thing distinguishing a "Live" OS from a non-Live one? I looked in my Ubuntu live CD and there was no such directory, but it works perfectly well. In case it would make a difference, the stick is 8GB and branded duracell, not sure what manufacturer it is.
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Jan 6, 2011
I have what I thought was a simple task of creating ISO images of my Windows 7 system partion and boot partiton (the C drive) on my physical hard drive that I could use to load Windows 7 onto a virtual machine. Anyway, I'm running Ubuntu off the CD drive and I can see my drive partions (checked using the fdisk -l command). I have tried many iterations of the mkisofs command, but no matter what I do I get the error message: unable to open disk image file 'dev/sdb/win7sys.iso'. I don't understand why it's trying to open an ISO file it is supposed to be creating. The -o FILE option sets the output file name, so the message makes no sense to me. Below is an example of a simple and longer version with more options that I have tried to create an image of my sytem partiton (sda1) and save it on an external drive (sdb) with the file name: win7sys.iso (the next step I think would be to create or merge both partition images as one iso file for the VM). But I can't get past this error.
Can anybody tell me what I'm doing wrong?
sudo mkisofs -o dev/sdb/win7sys.iso /dev/sda1
sudo sudo mkisofs -input-charset iso8859-1 -V win7sys -o dev/sdb/win7sys.iso /dev/sda1
* Note that the output after the -o parameter is the desired destination /dev/sdb (my external drive) for the image file and /dev/sda1 is my Windows 7 system or boot partition (sda2 is what Windows sees as the C drive).
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Oct 16, 2009
This concerns the Logical Volume Manager (LVM).
1) Why would I create a new volume group to add a new hard drive to a system, rather than add the drive to an existing volume group?
2) If I created a new volume group and added a new hard drive to it, would I see the total free space (I see 30 GB now via the file browser)? For example, if I have 30 GB free on the main drive (with the OS), and I add a new drive of say 40 GB in a new volume group (using LVM) would I see 70 GB of free space? That doesn't seem to happen.
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Jul 12, 2010
I am looking for a guide for Fedora 13 that tells me how to:
1. Create an encrypted partition on an an external USB hard drive
2. Tells me how to setup Fedora to ask me for the passphrase when I plug in the drive
3. Automounts the hard drive to a set location
The guide should deal with the situation that the computer can mount without declaring the external hard drive is not there.At present my attempt at mounting my Samsung Story USB2 hard drives does not meet criteria 2 and 3.
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Apr 14, 2010
I am so sorry but this is not for me. I cant make this work. I want to install windows xp back in my pc, i just give up with Linux, I lack the expertise to do anything here.
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Apr 4, 2010
I would like to install Windows XP on my netbook after some annoying issues. I haven't been able to find any solutions to this problem on Linux based systems after hours and hours and hours of surfing the Google. A lot of people say 'well use the usb startup disk creator!' Don't say that in here. It doesn't work.I already wasted about 3 hours on that. Any helpful advice would be greatly appreciated! (I have a 16GB thumb drive and Windows XP sp2)
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Jul 29, 2010
What is the best way to create a complete hard drive backup to restore and boot Ubuntu in case of a crash? Only Ubuntu 10.04 Desktop is installed on this Dell Hard Drive. I searched the forums but no info and now that my install is running so good I want to protect it.
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Aug 21, 2011
I have an netbook, a small Asus Eee PC model 1001 PX running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. It don't have an optical drive so I wish to make an bootable installation disk with an USB flash drive. I followed the guide on Ubuntus homepage [URL] How to make an USB drive). But it did not work. I have an standard 4 GB USB flash drive which is plugged in. I have formatted it to FAT. And it is now empty.I went to System > Administration -> opened 'Startup Disk Creator'.
I pushed in all the options. But then the system asked for a password. No worries, I thought. It must be my own. But it was not. So my problem is that I am missing a password in order to authorized the installation of Ubuntu 11.04 on the USB drive. what are A. the proper search phrase for it? and B.
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May 12, 2010
i need all my /media/* newly created by insertion of usb drives, chmodded 666.I tried some tips using various threads, but i failed.I'm on Slack 64 13.0.
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