CentOS 5 Hardware :: 4k Sectors (Advanced Drive Format In WD Lingo) And RAID1
Dec 29, 2010
I have 2 WD20EARS hard drives on the way (2 TB green WD disks with 4k sectors) and I'll be installing Centos 5.5 in RAID1 on them (2 partitions, one 16 GB / at the beginning and the rest in its own partition). I read the following thread: [URL]
and it seems that I might be having problems with the 4k sectors (Advanced Drive Format in WD lingo). I'm confused as to what exactly to do. I was thinking of downloading Fedora 14 Live CD and partitioning there and then switching to Centos 5.5 to install. Will that work? Seems I want the md 0.9 metadata because it doesn't have the space limit for me (2 TB) and it's stored at the end of the partition so it avoids alignment issues. Will I be able to make that happen with Fedora 14?
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Oct 25, 2010
I have a Raid5 software partitioned using LVM (at centos 5.2 installation). Actually the raid is composed by 3 320Gb HDD. I would like to replace them with 3 2T hdd, but I'm worried about the alignment issues of the upgrade. I know it is easy to align the raid partition URL But what will happen to the LVM partition? Reformat and install everything is not an option
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Jun 27, 2011
I am getting a new 4kb sector HDD for my laptop, WD scorpio black 750gb, I would like to image existing partitions on 512bytes sector HDD and move them to the new 4kb sector HDD, what's the best way to do this.
present config is as follows:
Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I am planning to keep the same three partitions as the primary partitions on the new drive and add few more logical partitions. I would have liked to move to GPT but since I need Win 7, I am stuck with MBR partiotion table.
Now, I understand how to partition an Advanced format disk, what I want to know is how to move the existing partitions on the 80 Gb disk to the new disk?
I use Clonezilla to copy partitions but it is not compatible unless both the target and the source disks are already using 4096 sector size.
I can use Acronis True Image WD Edition to clone Win 7 but how do I clone Ubuntu?
Also my Laptop's chipset is limited to SATA 1.5, will it cause any issues, I know the bandwidth is not an issue.
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Nov 24, 2010
So I finally bought an advanced format drive, the 2 TB Samsung f4. I will be using it on my slackware box, running slackware 12.2 with kernel 2.6.27-7. I intend to format the drive by hand with fdisk and start the first partition on sector 2048, or perhaps boot a livecd and format it with a newer version of fdisk or parted that will natively partition this drive correctly. My real question is, do I have to do anything special to add this drive to an existing LVM volume group? I'm thinking no, since LVM basically just breaks all your data into 4 MB chunks and spreads them across the pool of partitions you've defined, but I've found many conflicting opinions from searching google. To simplify things, I'm not using RAID of any sort, neither hardware nor mdraid.
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Jul 2, 2010
The motherboard currently installed on my PC has a RAID Utility (Ctrl+I) at the startup that allow creating RAID1. But I already have a system installed with CentOS 5.4. In order to protect my data, I need RAID1. Can I add another Hard Drive now and have the data mirrored and synced onto both hard drives as if it was in RAID1 right from the beginning?
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May 14, 2011
I installed a distro based on CentOS 5.5 (FreePBX distro FYI). It used an automated kickstart script to create an md RAID1 array of all the hard drives connected to the machine. Well, I installed from a thumb drive, which the script in interpreted as a hard drive and thus included in the array. So, I ended up with three md arrays (boot, swap, data) that included the thumb drive. Even better, it used the thumb drive for grub boot so I couldn't start up without it. I was able to mark the USB drive as 'failed' and remove from each array, and even change grub around to boot without the usb drive, but now each of the arrays is marked as degraded:
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Aug 15, 2010
I have installed a 2TB drive in my dual PIII 866 with 750MB ram. The drive is properly installed and I have configured the drive with 1 partition in RAID1. The array loads fine, but when I add the entry to mount the /dev/md2 /data/repository the following error occurs The filesystem size according to the superblock is 488378000 blocks The physical size of the device is 488377986 blocks Either the superblock or partition table is likely corrupt I have run fsck manually with no errors reported. I have removed the partition and rebuilt the array. The array assembles properly and I can manually mount the /dev/md2, but as soon as I add the entry to the fstab I get dropped to a shell after a reboot. Not sure where to go now?
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Jul 21, 2011
Can anyone tell me if F15 is aware of the new Advanced Format Hard disks. The new dell laptop has one of these drives in it. The reason for the question is the disk is a 250Gb but only seems to have 230ish available which does seem a lot to loose? The dell website only talks about Windows and not linux. Below is from their site:
"In an effort to support higher capacity hard drives, the Hard Disk Drive (HDD) industry is moving towards Advanced Format (AF) HDDs with 4KB sectors to address the current limitations with the 512-byte sector HDDs. The transition to 4KB sector HDDs will allow storage devices to more easily adopt larger capacities in both the notebook and desktop space. While hard drives will transition to 4KB sectors and to maintain backwards compatibility, current Advanced Format 4KB HDDs, also known as 512e HDDs, will emulate 512-byte SATA communications to hosts and will operate at 4KB."
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Dec 31, 2010
My System Intel Core Duo E5300 Mobo - Gigabyte G31M-ES2L 1GB DDR2 800MHz RAM 4 x WD20EARS HDD I have been trying to install Fedora or Ubuntu for over a week. I thought it would take an hour and i would be away. I have been trying to install using the mdadm Software RAID feature. Everytime it takes about a day to format the drives and then i get an installation error. The drives state they are ready to use as is on any operating system other then WinXP, but this does not appear to be the case.
I am very new to Fedora... I have been doing some reading.[URL].. That information has been promising. I have been able to get into Fdisk off the live CD but i can't figure out how or if it is possible to do what i want it to.
Has anyone had any luck getting these drives to function correctly in a software RAID? I have had good luck with WD drives in the past and just assumed these drives would do what i wanted to but alas i have been proven wrong.
The partitions i wanted was...
- A 2GB swap parition
- A 10 GB RAID 1 partition for Fedora
- The remaining space as a Raid 5 for files.
Am i just banging my head against a wall here, or is this possible.
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May 20, 2011
Upon trying to open a .wmv file, the system says it wants the above - which I suspect is not provided under the same name and is proprietary. Can anyone suggest the name of a plugin in the repository which would suffice? The file came as an attachment to an email file.
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Jun 7, 2009
I am about to purchase a new external hard drive which will be driven through the USB port. It will probably be a 1.0 TB drive from Frys/CompUSA/MicroCenter or some discount source. It will probably come formatted to run on a Windows machine and I intend this drive to be run only from my Linux laptop. I'd like to format it to be able to make the most of it from my Linux machine. Although re-formatting may not be absolutely necessary, as it probably will work "OK" just out of the box as is, how can I format it to get the maximum usage out of this new drive?
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Jan 20, 2010
I recently got a bad virus that wouldnt let me reinstall Windows so I figured I would install Ubuntu and give it a go, but now it says my hard drive has "many bad sectors" a quick Google search shows many ways to fix this in Windows, but how do I do it in Ubuntu?Easily since Im just getting the hang of things.
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Aug 6, 2010
I can't seem to find any programs or applications for linux that will find bad sectors of a usb drive. I have seen plenty for Windows, but I was wondering if there are any for linux.
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Mar 24, 2011
How would one determine the capacity in sectors or LBAs of a USB Hard Drive? If I know the USB device number, like from 'lsusb', is there someplace on the system to get other information about the drive? What I want to do is have a program go out and get this information just for the number of LBAs on the drive itself. Partition info doesn't matter for what I am doing.
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Mar 2, 2011
Old Commodore Vic 20/DOS/Wintel guy here who wants to make a first foray ever into Linux by building a home server with 10.04. I've found so much seemingly conflicting information that I'm lost at sea about hard drives.
I bought the Official Ubuntu Server Book, The (2nd Edition), and started reading it, learning about file system and planning a different /home partition, potential software raid, and such pre-install considerations.
The cheap hardware I had considered is: HP ProLiant ML110 G6 Intel X3440 2.53GHz 2GB Memory w/ DVD ROM & 250GB HDD 3 x SAMSUNG Spinpoint F4 HD204UI 2TB 5400 RPM 32MB Cache SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" 6 more GB RAM for total of 8 The Samsung drives are Advanced Format. I read some reviews about OS partition alignment issues, and the past 2 days I've been down numerous rabbit holes of search on this forum and google in general about whether this will be a problem in 10.04. I'm wallowing in my own search-overload-induced fear, uncertainty, doubt, and paranoia now.
The release notes lead me to believe that "no brainer" support for these drives is now baked in to 10.04 ? That if I just follow prompts, the new install will partition and format drives properly aligned?
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Jul 27, 2010
the recent versions of fdisk on Fedora 13 and Ubuntu 10.04 are supposed automatically to solve these things around 4k sector aligment thing if one starts fdisk with -u and -c flags. But I'm getting confused as the heads / sectors informations always differ every time I create a partition.I have WD Green 1.5TB disk. I want 2 partitions. sdb1 with 1.3TB and sdb2 with the remaining space. Here's how it looks like. When I create the first partition (1.3TB one), I get following listin with fdisk:
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# fdisk -lu /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes
78 heads, 37 sectors/track, 1015342 cylinders, total 2930277168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Jul 26, 2011
My sister's laptop (toshiba satellite l550 running lucid) often runs really, really slow, even after a fresh install. Going through the gnome main menu, everything just lags by several seconds. Closing applications often takes a while, etc. I've run top and iostat to determine what the problem is and it seems to be IO-related. User processes and system processes don't take up more than a few percent, but the average load is usually over 2 even when I'm barely doing anything. Top shows that, whenever everything slows down, the 'wait' criterion is pretty high.
Now, I've also tried installing lucid to an external USB hard drive and that works fine. I'm currently running the S.M.A.R.T. diagnostic and so far I've got the attached screenshot to show. Only the criterion shown and the 'current pending sector count' are showing warnings.Any thoughts? Could the performance issue be related to the hard drive warning? I'm not planning to replace the hard drive just yet, because this laptop still has a two-year warranty.
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Feb 21, 2010
I recently tried Fedora on my laptop (previously Debian; I was bored one day) and gnome-disk-utility (palimpsest) warned me that my hard drive had numerous bad sectors. I re-installed Debian to find that this software was installed before so why had it not warned me?
When I load the disk utility, it says SMART is not available. I've got smartmontools installed, I can run a self-test with smartctl but I don't think this shows bad sectors. I've tried starting smartd on startup but the disk utility never changes from "SMART is not available". It is possible for it to work with this hardware as it works in Fedora on this laptop; any ideas?
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May 8, 2009
This is sort of mixed between hardware and software but it seemed more appropriate to me here. I'm building a server for very fast disk access. We have 8x32GB SSD SATA drives and 4x300GB SSD SATA MFT drives. The 300GB SSD drives are the slow kind of flash that writes slowly, and strangely is limited to 10K writes per sector. Long term data integrity isn't a big deal because it is backed up continuously but fast access to data is desired. Additionally the filesystem that contains this data deletes about 2.5 - 4 gigs of data per day, and adds about 2.5-4 gigs of data per day.
My plan is to create a hybrid drive of sorts, where the smaller 32G drives, lined up in RAID0, create a fast "buffer" disk, and on some increment what is in the buffer is written in bulk to the slower writing 300GB SSDs. I had two thoughts on how to achieve this, but ultimately I think that LVM snapshots are the best way to achieve this, put the read only "snapshot" on the big SSD drive and the other "differencing" part of the snapshot on the faster raid0. I'd much prefer a simpler solution where there is one block device to mount and all this is handled in the background.
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Feb 14, 2011
I recently installed two 160Gb hdds, and use these with striped LVM technics.
now I came across /var/log/messages these lines... :-/
Feb 14 16:50:44 centos55 smartd[4826]: Device: /dev/sdf, 34 Offline uncorrectable sectors
Feb 14 16:50:44 centos55 smartd[4826]: Device: /dev/sdg, 14 Offline uncorrectable sectors
To my understanding, this means that the disk is beginning to fail, and should be replaced..
Short story..I have about 35.000 images on these disks... (shared on network, as a samba share with PCs using Picasa) I've doing backup to 2 separate USB disk, and sometimes I connect a third usb disk and transfer to this aswell. I'm worried now that "some" of my image/data might have been lost - due to the 2 lines above. (checking if something is missing, of the 35.000 images is not easy.. and I have not made any txt file with all files/names/size og the images -...I see now that I also should create such a list, and not just take backup)
How critical is this "Offline uncorrectable sectors" and how can I check/do something about it ?
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Sep 15, 2010
I need some assistance in trying to format a USB hard drive to vfat format but can't seem to do so. I am currently using RHEL 5.3. I have tried the following commands and they all come back as "command not found"
mke2fs vfat /dev/sc1
fdisk vfat /dev/sdc1
mkfs.vfat /dev/sdc1
What am I doing incorrectly?? Can someone please point me in the right direction??
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Nov 27, 2010
Basically I got Windows 7 installed on my laptop and it's been doing nothing but slowing down more and more even though it isn't used for much more than basic internet use and I realized the hard drive was the cause, I did a bunch of stuff to try to fix it that I won't get into here, and in basic I'm to the point I'm just going to reinstall Windows 7, but this time with the help of Ubuntu's partitioning utilities.
I've already had the first ~5GB of the drive overwritten with zero's (thanks to DBAN) and now I'm booted on the Ubuntu LiveCD and trying to learn the command line stuff for formatting a drive. What I want to achieve is use the smallest amount of space possible for the MBR and that's also a point I don't quite understand.
After some research on Google I read that the MBR is on one sector only the very first one, yet the first partition on a hard drive starts anywhere from 63 to 4096. Why are they so far apart? And can I force the partition to be moved closer? I know I know their is pretty much no purpose to this but it bugs me knowing that their might be 31MB (64 512byte sectors minus 1 (MBR) and 64 (beginning of partition)) just going to waste when I could put the NTFS MFT there. Then the second and last part I want to understand is I want to make the NTFS partition have a 512byte allocation unit size and have it lined with the 512sectors on the hard drive so it can have the max performance. Does anyone know how to do this stuff or could find better info than I have on the internet?
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Jun 10, 2010
would anyone here happen have gotten one of these successfully up, running &, aligned on 5.5? i only want two partitions. one 2gig for swap and the rest mounted @ /. i've googled myself into complete and utter confusion.[Moderator edit: changed the title to something more informative
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May 17, 2010
I am self teaching everything I need to develop a home-based web server (linux/apache/php/mysql/html/css/etc...) It's quite an undertaking, but not beyond my abilities. I thought this question could have gone in either the linux - software or linux - hardware forum, and certainly not in the n00b section, but I figured it's best be put in the linux - server forum, since that's what this is related to.
I have been looking into the software and hardware RAID solutions for linux because I wanted to make sure that the boot drive of the web server I set up is mirrored with transparent disk fail/replace/recovery. I mean, setting up a boot drive for RAID1 sounded perfectly logical to me, and why wouldn't it to anybody else? So, since I knew RAID controllers were expensive, I looked into the native software RAID support in linux. My findings have revealed an issue with software raiding a boot drive in not only linux but windows as well. Apparently, if the primary drive fails (not the mirror), you have no other option but to power down the system to properly replace the failed disk, reboot, play some config crap, resync the drive, do some more config crap, reboot again, and -hopefully- it'll be ok. Well, that procedure is simply out of the question since the idea behind RAID is to transparently proceed as if nothing happened.
I'd like to know if it's even possible to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent and automatic fail/hot-swap/recover WITHOUT rebooting the system and with no intervention on my part other then replacing the drive whether it be a software raid or hardware raid solution. Eventually, what I'd like to do for a drive configuration is have 3 RAID volumes on the server configured like so:
RAID volume 1 = boot drive w/ webserver installed
RAID volume 2 = database files
RAID volume 3 = flatfile storage
Each raid volume will be a RAID1 of a 1TB drive (total = 6 x 1TB drives)
I've seen a lot of people having failure issues with the software RAID in these forums. Is this more common than not? I'm certainly not opposed to buying a hardware RAID solution as long as they're reliable and provide transparent/automatic recovery. So what's the best way to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent/automatic failover?
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Feb 23, 2010
What is the most advanced GUI torrent client that work perfect in CentOS 5.3 GNOME Desktop?
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Jul 18, 2010
Is there a translator speaking like easy lingo on windows
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Aug 10, 2011
I have bought a ICYBOX IB-NAS4220-B a while ago and kept getting issues with it (going down and not restarting, very slow etc). 2 weeks ago one more issue arose and I couldn't restart or reconnect to the box so decided to take the disks out and recover my data to a 5BIG Lacie. The IcyBox uses a software RAID1 and format drives in EXT3. Being a Linux system I thought I could easily recover data from an Ubuntu box so installed the latest version as CD boot wouldn't give me satisfactory results. I am now stuck with both 1TB drive plugged into my Ubuntu machine and can't seem to be able to mount the drives.
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Dec 23, 2009
I'm trying to disable TCP Segmentation offloading across the board in our datacenter to improve performance. Reading the history in the CentOS Bugzilla and the upstream's Bugzilla, they recommend doing this within the udev rules. See:[URL].. So, I created a new udev rules file that looks like this, as filename /etc/udev/rules.d/50-eth_tso.rules:
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", NAME=="eth0", RUN+="/sbin/ethtool -K eth0 tso off"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", NAME=="eth1", RUN+="/sbin/ethtool -K eth1 tso off"
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Can anyone out there figure out just what I'm doing wrong - I've been struggling with this for about 2 hours trying to make it work, and simply can not figure it out - and would like to not resort to hacking the problem and adding the ethtool commands to /etc/rc.d/rc.local!
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Aug 12, 2010
I'm trying to create a user account for my children in Ubuntu 10.04
When creating their account, I have turned off the 'Connect to ethernet and wireless' option of the Advanced Settings.
However, when I log into their accounts, they still have full access to the internet through both the wireless and ethernet connections. Is this option for some other purpose?
Is there an alternate way to limit internet access for childrens' accounts in Ubuntu? (I'm used to MS Family Safety as a filter for internet access - is there an eqivalent for Ubuntu?)
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Jul 31, 2011
I have an existing Fedora 15 system installed from scratch.I've ordered a harddrive identical to my SDA and want to add it to my existing system as a RAID1 setup.I've googled around and cannot find recent clear instructions how to accomplish this. I don't want to reinstall everything from scratch. It should be possible to create the RAID1 using the existing data disk and then mirror everything up?
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