Debian Installation :: Partition Alignment On SSDs In MD RAID0?
Feb 15, 2015
I have two SSDs on which I have configured md RAID 0, with a 16 KB chunk size. My understanding is that Wheezy (and later) installations are smart enough to align partitions on block boundaries, even in md RAID configurations, but to satisfy my own natural distrust, how do I go about actually confirming that it has done the right thing? I have a single root logical volume within an LVM partition, but neither the logical volume nor the LVM partition occupy all available space, and the LVM partition is offset from the end of the disk.
My concern arises from the fact that, when I look at the sysfs entry for my root partition:
# cat /sys/devices/virtual/block/md126/md126p4/start
804818048
This number is not evenly divisible by 4096.
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Aug 20, 2015
I would like to make a boot RAID0 LVM on a pair of SSDs (sdc and sdd). The system is already running off of a HDD. I built the RAID0 through the Asus BIOS on the Intel controller. I see:
# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md124 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdd[0]
59346944 blocks super external:/md126/0 32k chunks
md125 : active raid0 sda[1] sdb[0]
222715904 blocks super external:/md127/0 32k chunks
[code]....
My challenge is that when I open Gparted, it only show one disk at a time. I would like to learn how to use Gparted to partition this RAID0 with a UEFI sector and LVM for the rest.
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Jan 2, 2010
I'm trying to do a partition alignment on my main SSD to improve SSD performance and then install Ubuntu on the SSD. I can do the alignment with no problem but when I install ubuntu the alignment is erased. Is there a way to install ubuntu without getting rid of the alignment?
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Oct 14, 2014
I am currently trying to install Debian Wheezy 7.6 x86_64 on an Intel Server System R2224GZ4GC4, but the Installer doesn’t recognise any of the devices attached to the onboard SATA controller.
Debian Version
Debian Wheezy 7.6 x86_64
Hardware used
Server: Intel Server System R2224GZ4GC4
Motherboard: Intel S2600GZ4
Onboard SATA Controller: Intel Patsburg 4-Port SATA Storage Control Unit (rev 06)
Device on Port 0: Samsung 840 Pro Series SSD
Device on Port 1: Samsung 840 Pro Series SSD
Device on Port 2: Samsung 840 Pro Series SSD
Device on Port 3: Intel 510 Series SSD
While the onboard SATA controller does support so-called “fake RAID,” this ‘feature’ has been disabled (i.e., the BIOS setting “SAS/SATA Capable Controller” is set to “INTEL(R) RSTe”). This is confirmed by the controller during the boot-up URL...Weirdly enough, the Intel 510 Series SSD contains an old system (Debian Squeeze 6.0, Kernel 2.6.35-5-amd64), which can boot and which does recognise all SSDs.
Remedies tried
* I’ve compiled the list of SCSI, SAS and block device related modules that the Squeeze-System, which recognises the SSDs, used and manually loaded these modules during the install process.* I’ve tried to rescan the SCSI bus by:
Code: Select allfor host in /sys/class/scsi_host/*; do echo "- - -" > $host/scan; done* I’ve tried to remove all disks, save for the Intel 510 Serives SSD.* I’ve tried all of the above combined.
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Mar 21, 2010
I just have a few questions about LVM and RAIDs. It seems they are basically the same thing. Is this correct? I can add two drives together on both of them and it appears as a larger drive, along with other setups like raid1 and raid5, etc.. And is there a difference in performance between them?
And my second question.. I know one is stripped and one is not, but is the performance between a raid1 and a raid0 the same? I've been told that raid1 is faster than raid0 because the data is written twice.. and therefore can be read from two different disks which equals faster read speed, but slower write speed since it writes to the two.
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Aug 31, 2009
Because of all the trouble with the asrock 939SLi-eSATA2 (see my previous unsolved thread) I have bought a new MSI 790FX-GD70 mobo + processor +ram3 memory and shifted my MSI K9N2-platinum to the asrock box and mothballed the asrock mobo. A rigorous way to solve the problem, but it turned out to be the beginning of more severe trouble. When I try to install Fedora on the striped disks at first everything looks good. Both gparted and the installer see the linux device mapper partitions on the raid config + the unused space.But if I tell the installer to use the unused space, a mere 150 gig, then it tells me:
Could not allocate requested partitions: not enough free space on the disks. The same happens if I try the custom layout. When I start with a small 200 mB ext3 boot partition the same message appears.The ubuntu live cd with dmraid installed and the ubuntu alternate cd do not even see the devmapper partitions. Is the AMD-ATI chip on this new mobo not properly supported by Fedora/Ubuntu?
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Oct 11, 2010
I've already got two installs without much problems.. one on my laptop and another fedora13 install on an older comp just to test it a bit before installing it on my main comp. But now I've got a problem. Both those install went without problems but when I started installation on my main comp first I've noticed some graphic problems when there is installation started and there is mouse and fedora 13 welcome installation screen. there are some like glitches or something no idea how to describe them.. like bad pixels in small upper part of the screen. But ignoring that everything went OK up to the part where I can choose a standard discs or non starts like sans and stuff..
When I choose standard disc installation just freeze there. No idea what is happening. Only this that came across my mind is that there is a problem with raid maybe? There are 2x640Gb HDD in raid0, there is win7 installed, and another 1Tb HDD, non-raid member disk, where I would like to install Fedora and have a dual boot. Still got programs that I need win for I'm afraid. Installation went smooth on laptop and another comp but there is no raid so I'm guessing that could be a problem. This comp where installation froze is in short:
[Code]....
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Feb 1, 2011
I am trying to install Ubuntu 10.10 using Wibu inside Windows and installation looks good without any problems but when I select Ubuntu in Boot POST menu after I see Ubuntu Desktop I see error it's saying that Root directory is not specified and there is OK button and if I press it I see same message. only way to get out is to click restart in top right corner. My Windows installation is on RAID0 SSDs and I actually tried to install it on same partition as windows and even tried to install on NEW unallocated and freshly formatted partition. Nothing works. I am thinking to install it from Live CD however in advance formatting on let's say 20gb of space what do i assign ? Like how do I partition it like root directory and swap and other partition i ll need. Like can you specify all I think 3 different partitions I'll need and how much space to allocate for each on let's say 20GB of space.
I remember I had a choice "Use all free space" and it was soo simple I could have windows and some unallocated space on hard drive and Ubuntu would of use it . Now I don't see this option. I see use entire disk ...or advanced where You have to create on unallocated space all parts of partitions needed that's
EDITED: My System info if u need it.
Mobo: Asus P6T Deluxe
CPU: i7 920
RAM: 6GB G.Skill PC1333 cards
BOOT HDD: OCZ Vertex 2 64gb x 2 in RAID0
[Code]....
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Mar 26, 2010
Looks like Grub2 on my new installation of Ubuntu 9.10 is not picking up a Windows 7 installation on a RAID0 array (using the built-in RAID software from my Asus P5Q-Deluxe)
Here are the results of the boot info script:
Code:
Boot Info Script 0.55 dated February 15th, 2010
============================= Boot Info Summary: ==============================
=> Grub 2 is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks for
(UUID=43b4cb20-dfea-4513-80e9-54d066107c71)/boot/grub.
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb
[Code].....
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Mar 21, 2011
I ran into this and found a non-trivial solution so I thought I'd share in case anyone else ran into it.I have two 200GB drives so I thought I'd install my system with RAIDed partitions for /boot, / and /home. I would use RAID1 for /boot and /home because GRUB2 can load the kernel from a RAID1 and I thought the extra reliability for /home would be nice. (I may second guess /home on RAID1 once I get to test performance.) I chose RAID0 for / to provide faster application loading.I prepared the drives using a Live CD because I'm not confident that I can do what needs to be done during installation.First I partitioned the drives as:
Code:
hbarta@olive:~$ sudo fdisk -luc /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 200.0 GB, 200049647616 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24321 cylinders, total 390721968 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
[code]....
At this point I could restart and boot from the system hard drives and proceed with configuring my system. I'm not positive that it is necessary to add the modules to /etc/initramfs-tools/modules but I do know that alone is not sufficient. An earlier attempt was to install grub (install-grub /dev/sda; install-grub /dev/sdb) within the chroot and I found that also was not sufficient. I have not listed it above because I think it was not necessary. But on these two issues, I'm not going to reinstall again from scratch just try...
[URL]
Another possibility is to install using the Alternate CD. I did not try that but it may provide better RAID handling. Last week I installed 10.04.2 LTS Server to a RAID1 and it did not experience this problem. However I do not know if it is RAID in general or RAID0 that led to the issues I encountered.
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Jun 9, 2010
I've planed to install Ubuntu Lucid Lynx 10.04 x64 on my rig. dual boot setup windows 7 preinstalled Intel ICH10R RAID0 manual partition setup 200mb ext3 /boot 2gb swap 100gb ext4 / GUI installer can see my RAID and allows me to create this partitions manually. But when install begins i'm getting error :
Quote: The ext3 file system creation in partition #5 of Serial ATA RAID isw_dgaehbbiig_RAID_0 (stripe) failed
[Code]...
fdisk -l from Live cd shows me separated HDDs without RAID0 wrap (sda and sdb) Also in advanced section where i can configure boot loader default is /dev/sda, which is part of RAId_0. I'm checking isw_dgaehbbiig_RAID_0 as location for loader, assuming that this would be MBR. am i doing this step right?
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Jan 17, 2015
I am having issues with Grub 2 after installing Debian 7.8.0.The computer is a HP Pavilion 500-307nb. I made the original harddrive /dev/sdb and inserted a Samsung Evo 840 as /dev/sda. From the original hard drive (/dev/sdb), I wiped the windows partition, but left all other partitions unchanged (in case I would ever want to recover the desktop to its original state). I replaced the wiped windows partition with a swap partition and an LVM partition.These are my hard drive partitions:
/dev/sda (Samsung Evo 840)
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 944MB 941MB ext4 boot
3 944MB 94.4GB 93.4GB host lvm
4 94.4GB 1000GB 906GB guests lvm
[code]....
The partition /dev/sda3 has 2 logical volumes with filesystem ext4 that I mount to / and /home.The partition /dev/sda2 is mounted to /boot..When I install like this, Debian installs fine, however Grub2 is not installed correctly.Debian installs grub-pc which seems not able to boot the gpt partition. So I boot the Debian CD in rescue mode and execute:
mount /dev/sda2 /boot
aptitude purge grub-pc
aptitude -y install grub-efi
After rebooting, I come in the grub rescue shell, which says: error: no such device: 986f2176--4a4b-4222-83b9-8636a034b3c7.
When I then enter in the grub rescue shell:
set boot=(hd0,gpt2)
set prefix=(hd0,gpt2)/grub
insmod normal
normal
Grub and Debian start up correctly.why can Grub not start up automatically correctly? Where does the UUID 986f2176--4a4b-4222-83b9-8636a034b3c7 come from? I have reinstalled Grub several times, I have reinstall Debian several times, I have even wiped all partitions from /dev/sda and recreated a new gpt table with parted and manually set the partitions in parted. Still on each reinstallation, Grub fails because it cannot find exactly the same UUID. Since this UUID is always the same, it must be stored somewhere, but it cannot be the partitions, I have wiped them and the partition table several times.
I did though a firmware update of the Samsung Evo 840 before reinstallation, could this be a cause?Also the problem is not in grub.cfg. Grub starts correctly if I enter the commands above in the grub rescue screen and the UUID value does not appear there.
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May 24, 2011
I'm looking to shrink my windows partition on a raid0 array and create a mdadm ubuntu partition using raid0. Is this possible? can I just ignore the /dev/mapper device and use the standard /dev/sdx devices?
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Aug 18, 2009
Does CentOS 5 support the ATA TRIM command for use with SSDs? Is the support automatic by default, or would I need to do something specific in order to enable the TRIM feature be used?
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Apr 18, 2010
New to Linux and am wanting to install ubuntu 9.10 or 10.04 on a single separate 80gb drive. I have Windows installed on 2 80gb drives in Raid0 (nvidia controller) .I have installed 9.10 but Win7 will not load from the bootloader : gives me the error invalid signature. I've looked around and tried a few things to get it to load with no success.. is the Raid0 the issue?
If I try to install 10.04 it will hang and eventually errors out, I believe on the raid drive because it comes up with dev/mapper/nvidia_hhfbdccf1..
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Feb 4, 2010
Does Suse have any software based TRIM support available or that is in the works?I know there is to a degree new firmware becoming available that supports TRIM (although some are pretty rudimentary) but windows 7 does a fairly good job software side and upgrading the firmware occasionally involves the unbridled joy that is wiping the drive and starting again.
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May 3, 2011
HDD vs SSD durability
After reading Jeff Atwood's recent blog post on solid state drives, I'm somewhat deterred in wanting to own one. I basically want to use solid state drives in my home network for the following purposes (all machines running 64bit Linux):
My main (pwn3r) desktop computer. This will be my main workstation for work, video encoding, etc. This will be running an Intel 980x 6-core processor, making it a beast. My hard disk configuration will be:
RAID-0: 2 Crucial 128GB Solid State drives for the main operating system(s), essentially providing 256GB of incredibly fast storage.
RAID-1: 2 WD 2TB Hard Disk drives for media and backup storage.
My network firewall computer. This will be running Untangle on my home network for content filtering and firewalling (if that's a word). It will be running an Intel Atom D525 dual core 1.8GHz processor. The hard disk configuration will consist of a single small 16-32GB solid state drive for the operating system and little, if anything, else.
My home HTTP/SFTP/file/backup server. This will be running a dual-core Intel i3 processor; it will be used for some video encoding, as a local DLNA server, a HTTP server for a few largely static files and perhaps some interactive scripts, a SSH server, possibly OpenVPN, and will be used to back up critical files over the network. It will be running RAID-X (where X > 0), meaning RAID-1 or RAID-5 or 6 for fast, redundant data storage, as well as a small SSD for the operating system.
I'm not exactly made of money, and I can't really count on buying four new SSDs every year or so. I can understand replacing them in computer number 1 once a year... maybe, but for the other computers which won't be utilizing the drive very much (ie: they're not power machines), it seems ridiculous to buy new drives this often.
My question is this: can I actually depend on solid state drives like I would on hard disk drives? Also, is this the best economic option? I'd like to save as much power and heat as I can, and solid state drives seem to be the best option at this point.
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Jan 12, 2011
I have been thinking about upgrading my RAID setup from a pair of Intel X25s running the software based RAID included with ubuntu to four Intel X25s running off a PCIe based controller. The controller is an HP P400 which I know works great on ubuntu (I have other machines running it with SAS drives). My desktop has an Intel S5000XVNSATAR mainboard and I have an open PCIe v1.0 8x (physical) slot that is wired 4x. The controller is 8x and will fit fine. How much of a performance hit do you think I will see running this 8x controller in the slot wired 4x with four Intel x25s in a RAID 10? Will I have enough bandwidth with the 4x for those SSD's?
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May 27, 2011
I installed Debian stable and I see these errors in the xsession error file
/etc/gdm3/Xsession: Beginning session setup...
GNOMEKEYRINGCONTROL=/tmp/keyring-j0E6Br
SSHAUTHSOCK=/tmp/keyring-j0E6Br/ssh
GNOMEKEYRINGCONTROL=/tmp/keyring-j0E6Br
[code]....
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May 19, 2011
I just ghosted a hard drive containing Win7 and OS11.4 to a new WD hard drive with 4K byte alignment. WD provides a tool to align Win7 (and it apparently needed it) but reports other partition types (Ext3/4) as corrupt. Here's the question: is there a way to get 4K byte alignment in Ext3/4 after installation, or do I need to reinstall? Is there an authoritative page on this for OpenSuSE/Kubuntu?
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Sep 25, 2010
I'm using Xubuntu 8.10, and Xfce 4, which a very clever friend installed for me.
Problem is, my screen display keeps shwoing windows, task bars and icons aligned so far to the left, they go off the screen.
I'm trying to find the display settings for the monitor, so I can nudge it to the right. Can't find where to click.
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Dec 25, 2010
OS: Ubuntu 10.10 I've been trying to get my HP DeskJet D2660 printer to work for a while now, but I am having several problems that I can't seem to get around. For the driver I have 2 options. The hpijs (hplip) or the hpcups driver. Neither of them work properly.
The HPLIP driver and control software keeps telling me that the stuff I print has printed correctly, but my printer does nothing. It just sits there laughing at me whilst I get popups on my monitor telling me that the print job start and completes. I have successfully printed the print head calibration paper and aligned them as told by the HP software, but after I have done so, it just goes back to sleep. Nothing prints, not even the test page. I can't understand why it prints the calibration sheet just fine and then, afterwards, it won't print anything else but tells me everything prints fine.
The HPCUPS driver works just fine, but it has these really bad shadows on everything I print caused by incorrect alignment of the print heads. There seems to be no option of correcting this using the HPCUPS driver. So, what I have is a HPLIP driver which allows me to calibrate but won't print, and a HPCUPS driver which prints just fine, but won't allow me to calibrate. My HPLIP driver version: 3.10.6 (official from Ubuntu) I've also tried downloading and installing the latest (3.10.9), but with no luck. Prints calibration just fine, then nothing else.
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May 27, 2011
I thought that alignment of 4096-byte sector Advanced Format hard drives was automatically taken care of via Gparted or Disk Utility until I bought a Hitachi HTS547575A9E384 (Travelstar 5K750) and saw that Disk Utility showed my partitions to be out of alignment. I then realized that my WD, which I had bought a few months ago, probably had its jumper set to emulate a 512-byte sector legacy drive (512e) and is probably not set to the AF setting.
Straight to the problem.
I've searched many sites, some of which suggest using fdisk (others the proprietary software of the hard drive's manufacturer). It is essential that one change the arguments prior to changing the partition table as there is no way back (yet, as far as I know) without having to move data to another drive and starting all over:
[Code]...
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May 29, 2011
I've been searching around for a way to do this, but none of the solutions I find seem applicable to Lucid. Is there, like, a Terminal command to change the alignment of desktop icons?
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Jan 20, 2011
I would like to fix partition alignment on my SSD disk, and I am curious if it is possible to do it without handling data from disk and back. Is it possible with Gparted?Quote:
$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders
[code]....
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Oct 17, 2010
I want to change the alignment of GtkTreeView widget(Right-to-Left algin) i.e add columns to the rifgt of GtkTreeView and change the title of the column and its content to the rifgt of the column but I do not know how to do it
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Feb 16, 2011
I use various hard disks in my computer. When I install a 13.1 disk, the six text consoles <Ctrl-F1> through <Ctrl-F6> are shifted to the left such that the first 2 characters in the line are off my flat panel screen. I use several different disks on this machine and all other disks are properly aligned. change the vga line in /etc/lilo.conf to vga = normal rather than vga = 773. This didn't fix the problem and resulted in another problem. If I adjust my flat panel horizontal adjustment, when I start XWindows, those screens are too far to the right. Is there a way to adjust the horizontal offset only for the consoles?
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Oct 1, 2014
I'm creating a new debian virtual machine. As virtual disks are free, I want to use tree for my new machine. The scheme will be like this:
sda -> /boot
sdb -> /root
sdc -> swap
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Jul 30, 2010
Installing Debian on a new laptop and read that Debian-Installer (DI) can create an encrypted partition (/home) during installation.However, when I went through installation and started the manual partitioning (standard, non-lvm) , I am unable to locate the encryption option.
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Jul 26, 2010
Rather than having my text aligned to the left side of the window, I was wondering if there's a way to align it to the center?
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