Debian Installation :: Boot Freezes After Install On Encrypted Volume
Jan 1, 2016
I just installed Debian Testing on an encrypted partition (using the encryption feature in the installer). Problem is when I boot I enter the passphrase and then Debian starts to load a bit and then it stops and won't move again. During a normal boot the boot stops after : EDAC sbridge : Couldn't find mci handler Then do a recovery mode boot from grub loader so more information is displayed during the boot time and it stops after : [12.513770] fb: switching to nouveaufb from simple it stops there I can't type anything, I can reboot the computer with ctrl+alt+del tho
I was booting just fine in a previous installation on a MBR-partitioned disk (now it's GPT-partitioned). I have to add that during installation I added a second encrypted volume on a HDD (while / is on a SSD) that mounts to /data. When few days ago I installed it on the MBR-partitioned disk it asked me for the /data passphrase pretty fast, now it just seems to boot and asks me only one passphrase until it freezes.
View 1 Replies
ADVERTISEMENT
Aug 1, 2011
I've installed Ubuntu 11.04 on a Fujitsu Esprimo E900. During installation, I've used the guided encryption setting because neither GRUB nor LILO would ever install on the LVM configurations I created myself. So after installing Ubuntu 11.04, when I boot regularly, the computer freezes completely. When I try to launch the recovery mode kernel, I get this far and then the computer locks up, too. Ubuntu lockup during boot by germanium, on Flickr
You can see the label is sdb5_crypt which is a bit odd since the partition is on /dev/sda. However, I already tried changing grub.cfg to /dev/sda instead of /dev/sdb but that didn't do anything. This is all a bit odd to be. The funny thing is I've been trying to set this computer up for a month and I'm a professional programmer (Java, JavaScript, Groovy) with 20 years of programming experience and I never thought Ubuntu would be this hard to install on a more-or-less stock Intel box.
View 2 Replies
View Related
Apr 2, 2016
tcplay [URL] ....
Want to make a 1gb volume on dev/sdb usb memory stick.
Wrote
Code: Select allsudo tcplay --create --device=/dev/sdb --pbkdf-prf=SHA512 --cipher=TWOFISH-256-XTS,AES-256-XTS
Command has to be sudo?
Got
Code: Select allPassphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
Summary of actions:
- Completely erase *EVERYTHING* on /dev/sdb
- Create volume on /dev/sdb
Are you sure you want to proceed? (y/n)
I do not want the usb stick to be erased. What do I do, to not erase the usb stick? If you create a volume on the system hdd, it should not erase the system.
View 0 Replies
View Related
Mar 17, 2011
I recently got a eSata docking station for hard drives and after deciding to make those volumes encrypted LVM's, I created my first logical volume. After setting it up in yast2 and rebooting I received a prompt for the lvm password, gave it and received:
Mar 17 13:38:21 blkdragon kernel: [ 1105.172687] padlock: VIA PadLock not detected.
Mar 17 13:38:21 blkdragon kernel: [ 1105.313056] alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
Mar 17 13:38:21 blkdragon kernel: [ 1105.323189] alg: No test for stdrng (ansi_cprng)
Mar 17 13:38:22 blkdragon kernel: [ 1105.416892] padlock: VIA PadLock Hash Engine not detected.
Mar 17 13:38:22 blkdragon modprobe: FATAL: Error inserting padlock_sha (/lib/modules/2.6.31.14-0.6-desktop/kernel/drivers/crypto/padlock-sha.ko): No such device
Boot resumed and I looked for the reason for this, the padlock-sha.ko module does exist in the appropiate place and the volume was mounted in spite of the error message. Lvmdump seems to indicate that the volume is, in fact, encrypted. My thoughts at the moment are that the volume was encrypted by aes, so the padlock-sha.ko was not necessary to mount the volume. Backtracking the message log the same error happened during the creation of the volume before rebooting. The kernel version gives it away but it's a 11.2 machine.
View 3 Replies
View Related
Jan 21, 2009
I need a FREE solution that can image an entire Luks system encrypted volume and the rest of the used HDD, the MBR and /boot partition. Note: MBR and /boot are not encrypted. Note 2: I want to be able to restore entire drive from image with only a couple of steps. Note 3: Destination HDD space is a factor. Image file must be compressed and the image file must be around 40 to 50 GB or less. The smaller the image the better.
I have used clonezilla live cd before but not for encrypted volumes. I know you can install it in Linux. But, I don't know how to configure it after installation. I would be very happy if someone could tell me how to configure clonezilla in Fedora. How to guides are also welcome. I have one more question. If I image the encrypted volumes and all the stuff I mentioned above while logged in to Fedora, and I restore the drive from the image, will the recovered drive still be encrypted?
View 8 Replies
View Related
Oct 16, 2015
My laptop setup is:
sda1: W7
sda2: FAT16
sda3: /boot
sda4: encrypted LVM with debian (everything besides /boot)
now I've re-installed W7 so grub was overwritten. I've tried the procedure which worked for me previously:booting with the netinst usb in rescue mode, choosing a root partition to mount, using grub-install to reinstall the grub:
Code: Select allmount /dev/sda3 /boot
grub-install /dev/sda
Now I'm on Jessie (stable), and this time this fails, and I am able to mount only sda3.grub-install doesn't exit so I'm assuming it has been replaced by `grub-installer'. also '/boot' doesnt exist so I created it manually.
Code: Select allmount /dev/sda3 /boot
grub-installer /dev/sda
The latter fails with
Code: Select all/dev/sda/proc not a directory
View 6 Replies
View Related
May 8, 2011
Alternate CD on USB - Natty not mounting Encrypted Volume I get initramfs prompt. I have a Dell Inspiron Duo. I've tried to install Natty i386 and AMD64. I set my / (root) and swap under LVM under an encrypted volume. Used manual partitioning. But after reboot, I successfully enter the passphrase, swap and root are not mounted.
Now, I've had this working with 10.10. System seemed a little quirky after the upgrading it to Natty. So, I wanted a fresh install. Used Unetbootin to run ISO from USB and also from one of my other partitions. I've tried installing at least 10 times, some repeat, some variations.
View 1 Replies
View Related
Mar 23, 2015
After my NVIDIA card died I decided it was time to buy an AMD card again (R9 270X), but I didn't think AMD drivers were such a pain in Linux as people said. Of course, in some distros anyway. On Arch, for example, there's no official release because Arch's developers would have to hold Xorg in order to make a closed-source driver available, because AMD's pace isn't in pair with Linux. So in order to install AMD's drivers on Arch I must rely on some guy's unnoficial repositories, but that isn't the whole problem. Even though I'm cool with adding repos and downgrading Xorg, I'm not cool with it not working for a lot of apps, so that's where I decided to try a few distros. Manjaro is a no-go because it installs Flash as default. openSUSE although is a very good distro, is a complete mess when it comes to repositories, specially multimedia ones. Ubuntu/Mint are also a no-go, Ubuntu because after 12.04 they have a spyware by default, and Mint because it contains non-free stuff by default.
So here I come! I ran Debian in the past for a long time (aside from a breaf period last year) and it was lovely, I could easily set up a custom encrypted install, but now I don't remember how to, and it's killing me. I don't like how the installer doesn't show the partitions size as they actually are, and I don't like how the automated encrypted LVM setup doesn't let me chose the encryption algorithm or the timeframe between each passphrase attempt. That's why I must create my install, and here's what I used to do on Arch (the part that really matters), converted to what I use on Debian:
Code: Select all# modprobe dm-mod
(create one 1GB partition for /boot, unencrypted ; create another big 930 GB formatted as "8e" - LVM - on dev/sda2)
Code: Select all# fdisk /dev/sda
(chose my ciphers and iter time)
Code: Select all# cryptsetup -c twofish-xts-plain64 -y-s 512 --iter-time 5000 luksFormat /dev/sda2
(open the luks container on "sda2_crypt")
[Code].....
After this is done, I go to the "partition disks" page where I select each partition/volume to it's correct destination. I then proceed to installing the base system, configuring apt, and all that. Now, before I install Grub I used to execute the following commands on shell:
Code: Select all # nano /etc/crypttab
I used to put something there, but I don't remember what exactly. It's been a long time since I used Debian for long! But here's what I put there:
Code: Select allsda2_crypt /dev/mapper/sda2_crypt none luks
Then I procceeded to instal syslinux (I REALLY don't like GRUB)
Code: Select all# chroot /target
# apt-get install syslinux
But I get the following error:
E: cannot write log (Is /dev/pts mounted?) - posix_openpt (2: No such file or directory).
View 6 Replies
View Related
Jun 8, 2015
I am attempting to get Debian+Mate running on my laptop, with no success. I have not yet used Linux, but I do wish to climb out of the Window, and the Live session seems ideal to get a feel for Debian before finally abandoning Windows.
I got the Debian+Mate ISO file from the Debian website, and created a bootable USB stick. (Note : I have done this several times, getting new ISOs, and using Unetbootin, Universal USB Installer, and Linux Live installer; the result is always the same.)
When I boot the USB drive, all appears good at first. I get to the Debian (or Mate?) screen which is a pale jade green with a white squiggle in the middle region, with a panel at the top; this shows at left three options - applications, places, and system; and at right the correct time, a sound symbol,the wifi symbol, and a battery indicator. At the left of the screen in vertical arrangement there are 4 icons labelled computer, users home, install Debian Sid, and trash. On the bottom panel, at left there is a "button" for "click to hide all windows & show desktop", and at right 4 squares for workspaces.
There are also (temporary) windows that inform me that the battery is no good (I run on mains), and that there is no wifi connection established. These windows disappear in a minute or so.
The cursor moves ok. The only actions that it creates are the information drop-down texts that tell me what the headings mean - e.g. no connections when I hover the cursor above the wifi connections symbol.
But whatever I attempt to do - selecting any of the options - nothing happens. Everything except the cursor appears to be dead.
The machine that I am using is an old laptop that I use as a second computer. It has a SIS Mirage 3 graphics engine, which I gather may be a problem. I also tried the same procedure with my fairly modern ASUS laptop (NVidia graphics) with exactly the same results; it seems that NVidia graphics may also be problematic, judging from some posts on the web. I have also tried Debian+Cinnamon, again with the same outcome.
View 5 Replies
View Related
Jun 1, 2013
I'm a long time user of Debian, but I'm having trouble with my partitioning process. Here is where I currently stand:
I am installing the latest Wheezy build. I am trying to install debian with an encrypted LVM that spans two hard disks.
My partitioning layout is as:
1. /home
2. /root
3. swap
4. /boot
I then added partitions 1, 2 and 3 to a physical volume group. I then took that physical volume group and added it to a logical volume. Then I encrypted the logical volume, leaving the /boot partition untouched. I was under the assumption that the only partition the system needed free to reach the loading of the LVM is the /boot partition, as it holds the files necessary for booting. But when I attempt to finalize the disk, it gives an error stating, "No root file system detected". That would be an issue as it is currently sitting inside the encrypted LV. Am I wrong in including the root partition in the encrypted LV?
What is the best way of having as little of my file system non-encrypted as possible while still allowing a proper boot?
View 9 Replies
View Related
Aug 23, 2010
Linux newb here. I was looking for a lightweight distro that I really like and Lubuntu was it. I installed in on all three of my comps with out issues and my old Dell desktop(512mb ram) is flying now. Way faster than XP even right after a fresh install of both on the same desktop. On my fourth install, my girlfriends old toshiba laptop, it installed fine. After the restart and reboot it gets to the Lubuntu logo with the 5 dots under it. It gets through 4 of the dots then freezes. I left it for 20 minutes and it was stuck.
I tried booting from cd again and check disc for defects. It said it found 2 files with errors, press any key to reboot. Which I did and it just booted right back into the freeze. Maybe since I have to manually make it boot from cd every time it was wanting to boot back into the CD after the disc check, I'm not sure. I tried burning a new iso on a slower speed, same thing for a total of 3 reinstalls with the same effect. The only thing different about this install compared to my others is:
A) I had to flash the bios from windows before I started to even get the damn thing to be able to boot from CD
B) I decided to just wipe XP and install Lubuntu on the whole drive.
View 9 Replies
View Related
May 22, 2010
I have a Sony Vaio PCG-k195hp laptop, in which i've installed Ubuntu 10.04. Before installation i tried the Livedisk environment to make sure that everything would work out okay.
The results were fine, ubuntu even got the onboard Wireless card working which was causing problems in windows. But after the install ubuntu has become erratic. It sometimes boots and does a lot of work but other times it'll boot and freeze as soon as i move the mouse, or even earlier. I am pretty certain the CD was not the cause as i've already used it to install 10.04 in another system and i'm writing from it right now. I got the 10.04 iso on the day it came out and thought that maybe it wasn't complete so tried updating my install, but it had an error during the update installation.
Now even the live CD won't work as it hangs in the loading screen.
View 9 Replies
View Related
Jun 28, 2010
I am trying to install ubuntu netbook edition on my Acer aspire one D150. I have tried to do this before with version 9 with no luck so I waited until 10 to see if the problem goes away; apparently it has not. I put the ubuntu install files onto a USB stick according to the instructions from ubuntu here for windows (I have windows xp on the netbook now).
When I shut the PC down and turn it back on with the USB key inserted, the laptop just seems to hang at the ACER splashscreen. This screen is where I could press F2 for setup or F12 for boot order; the buttons do not respond, the USB key appears inactive. Again, it just seems to hang. I've waited for as long as letting it run all night to see if it goes anywhere by the morning with no luck.
View 2 Replies
View Related
Apr 12, 2010
how something doesn't work. Just so I feel better (and hopefully you too), I <3 you Debian. You've worked wonderfully on many projects and experiments before. Here we go.
Gateway Solo 5300
Intel Mobile Pentium IIIe 900MHz
256MB PC100 SDRAM
Random 10GB 2.5" IDE drive (currently contains WinXP Pro)
For the very short time I could boot off the Debian 5.04 i386 CD, I'd choose the default settings to boot to the installer only to have it freeze about 3-4 seconds in. I tried a few of the compatibility options, but I can't remember which. I set up a quick and dirty PXE server using tftp32 on a Windows machine and used it to successfully boot to the Debian installer from PXE only to have it freeze in the same spot. I'm now running the installer using whatever was included on the Debian CD to modify Windows XP's boot.ini to load grub and (inherently the installer) and it is again freezing in the same spot. Ubuntu does roughly the same thing, but only gives me a blank screen.
I'm fairly skilled with Windows (been using since Win 3.1 and 6-8 years old) in the command line and graphical environment and I know enough Linux to make me accidentally type "ls" instead of "dir" when I'm in Windows' command prompt and enough to get around in terminal (apt-get, more/less, grep, pipes, make, etc). I'm sure Debian will make better use of my rather limited 900MHz proc. I'll do my best to understand the technical jargon.
The installer only manages to get to about here: (I get to type this out manually. Ignoring timestamps. Bear with me.)
Freeing initrd memory: 11977k freed
Simple Boot Flag at 0x36 set to 0x1
audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
type=2000 audit(1271025644.848:1): initialized
[Code]....
Googling the last few lines suggests the problem is with USB. There is no option to disable the onboard USB controller and additionally, there is no option to boot from USB. Thinking the problem might be IRQ conflicts, I've disabled the Serial and Parallel port from the BIOS in a desperate attempt to free up IRQs slightly. The CD-ROM drive can be removed and swapped with a floppy drive or extra battery. I've removed as many devices as I can, the full list of which is just the CD-ROM and PCMCIA wireless card.
View 11 Replies
View Related
Apr 27, 2015
I initially installed Debian 8 onto my iMac G5 (with KDE), and it would boot to a black screen. I then tried again, and reformatted+reinstalled with only "Standard system utilities", "Print server", and "SSH server".The boot hangs before I get to a log-in prompt. Please see the attached log files I pulled off by booting from the rescue CD option. (I got an error when attaching the log files, so I used tinyupload to upload the files.URL....
Here's some of "syslog"
Code: Select allApr 27 17:37:45 iMacG5 systemd[1]: Started System Logging Service.
Apr 27 17:37:45 iMacG5 kernel: [ 13.137638] Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x00000008
Apr 27 17:37:45 iMacG5 kernel: [ 13.137645] Faulting instruction address: 0xd000000002314488
Apr 27 17:37:45 iMacG5 kernel: [ 13.137654] Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1]
[code]...
View 1 Replies
View Related
Aug 18, 2010
I installed Debian Squeeze-testing weekly build today, with CD1 alone. It took 1 Hour 38 minutes to install and configure on my Pentium 4 2.7 Ghz , 1GB ram HP machine. I have some trouble with the installation. Sometimes the desktop just freezes while moving Icons, or opening Xterm. I cannot use Ctrl-Alt-Backspace, OR Ctrl-Alt-Delete keys. I have to physically reboot. Why doesn't Ctrl-Alt-Backspace work on GNOME? Is there a IRC chat for Debian Help and what applications does one use on GNOME for IRC chat?
View 5 Replies
View Related
Oct 26, 2010
I've installed Squeeze on a USB stick, but can't get it to boot. I've had this problem before and gave up last time. I installed on an encrypted LVM - here is the grub.cfg
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
[Code]...
I added rootdelay=10 and switched root from hd1,1 to hd0,0 as suggested elsewhere. Still no go, i jsut get dumped into ramfs shell with an error message saying that /dev/mapper/crunchbang-root doesn't exist.
View 1 Replies
View Related
Feb 6, 2011
I haven't used encryption previously but through that for better security, I would enable it on one of my disks. I went though the process and when done, copied data to the device etc. My house had a powercut the other day and I noticed that the device did not mount automatically upon restart. Unfortunately, I have forgotten the de-cryption password and have lost access to my data. Is there a way of either recovering my password or getting the partition to mount without the password so I can access the data, copy/back up and then re-create the partition without encryption?
View 2 Replies
View Related
Dec 7, 2015
I use a static compiled kernel and a fully encrypted disk apart from a boot partition. I have recompiled and installed kernels many times. When I tried with the latest kernel from Testing, 4.2.6, the system will not boot. Not only that but the previous kernel now does not boot. However, a stock modular kernel does boot. The static kernel hangs at:
Code: Select allVolume group "dk" not found
Cannot process volume group dk
/run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
/run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
[Code] ....
And after giving the password the boot continues successfully. How to diagnose it further?
View 1 Replies
View Related
Jun 28, 2011
how can I set the keyboard layout used by Debian to enter the password of my encrypted filesystem?
After my recent "aptitude upgrade", I have not been able to mount my encrypted filesystem anymore. I have discovered that the keyboard layout used to enter the password has changed. Problem is that with such layout I can't enter some of the characters composing the password. The encrypted filesystem looks intact, since I have been able to mount it and backup my files by means of a live CD. That means that I can edit any system file, if needed.
Every technique I have found to change layout cannot be employed in this case, since they rely on the system being up and running. I've tried editing /etc/default/keyboard, but that does not work.
View 2 Replies
View Related
Mar 4, 2010
I have installed fedora 11 in my system. While installing it asked me encrypted password which i passed. But I forgot that. Now the problem is whenever i boot my system before going to root itself it is asking for volume encrypted password, which as i told you i have forgot. Now i am not able to access my hard disk since it is completely locked. Is there any way to decrypt the password or unlock it. Or if that is not possible can data be recovered,which is my primary requirement..
View 6 Replies
View Related
Mar 4, 2010
I have installed fedora 11 in my system. While installing it asked me encrypted password which i passed. But I forgot that. Now the problem is whenever i boot my system before going to root itself it is asking for volume encrypted password, which as i told you i have forgot. Now i am not able to access my hard disk since it is completely locked. Is there any way to decrypt the password or unlock it. Or if that is not possible can data be recovered,which is my primary requirement..
View 1 Replies
View Related
Jul 16, 2010
I just upgraded my OpenSuSE 11.2 system to 11.3 and have experienced the following problem:
My hard drive was encrypted beforehand, and after the upgrade(which went smoothly) will no longer decrypt. I type in my passphrase at the prompt, press enter and the start up process never resumes. I am able to access the filesystem from the Rescue System option in the install disk. What's strange is that this worked smoothly on another laptop of mine.
View 1 Replies
View Related
Aug 16, 2011
I've installed opensuse 11.4 by doing a network install, (boot off kernel + initrd, everything else is fetched off network) and i skipped the bootloader part because i've already got two other linux systems set up with grub2 on my computer. I picked the minimal server install (text mode) and didn't make any other software selectiono changes.
My partition layout is as follows
ssd drive contains / partitions for distributions (GPT layout) hdd drive contains encrypted lvm PV (PV on a luks partition). inside that PV is a VG with volumes for /home and /var (and other), where each distribution has its own /var.
The problem is that i cannot get initrd to open the luks properly. i tried chrooting, rebuilding the image with mkinitrd -f "lvm2 luks" ( i saw that somewhere on opensuse wiki, i think ) and adding boot parameters like this : lvm_box=/dev/disk/by-uuid/<luks partiiton UUID> lvm="box" (where box is the name of the lvm array).
[Code]...
View 1 Replies
View Related
Jan 3, 2010
I have XP on sda1, Fedora 11 encrypted on sdb 1 (boot) and sdb 2 (root), I would like Ubuntu on sdc 1 (boot) sdc 2 (root). However when I tried to install from the cd the partition manager does not see my Fedora as an OS (I assume because it is encrypted). So my question is how can I achieve my triple boot without having to have my Fedora unencrypted. I want it encrypted for a reason.
Also I cancelled the installation for Ubuntu and it reverted to a Live cd and I tried to mount my Fedora encrypted drive. Ubuntu asked for the pass and when I entered it I get an error saying it cannot be mounted because it is not a mountable file system. This is not good for me because I would like to be able to access all my hdd's from both distro's.
View 1 Replies
View Related
May 3, 2010
I recently installed Ubunutu 10.04 Netbook Remix onto a Dell Vostro A90. During install I selected "Require my password to log in and to decrypt my home folder", and this is working great.
What I would like to figure out, is how to have a second encrypted volume that lives on my SD Card that is also decrypted automatically upon login.
I've tried a variety of things, but they all require me to re-enter my password at some point during the boot/login, once for user login and the other time to decrypt/mount the volume. I am trying to avoid this, and hopefully will only have to enter my password once. Maybe I can piggyback on the default Ubunutu home directory decryption and make it all appear seamless?
View 3 Replies
View Related
Dec 28, 2009
I have a 160GB harddrive with 2 partitions:
1. /dev/sda1 ext2 100MB (this is my /boot partition)
2. /dev/sda2 LVM2 Remaining space (this is my physical volume and is LUKS-encrypted)
There is 1 volume group, slackvg, and 3 logical volumes:
1. swap 2GB
2. root jfs 10GB
3. home jfs 50GB
I would like to shrink /dev/sda2 to make room for another regular partition, is this possible?
View 1 Replies
View Related
Oct 4, 2009
I just upgraded my F9 system to F10 using they preupgrade method, and though nothing seems to have failed during the upgrade I can't boot my system any longer.I have a completly encrypted system, and so I need to enter a passphrase at boot. The new F10 system does boot and I do get a Password: prompt but the passphrase is not accepted.My passphrase doesn't contain any odd characters to prevent problems with keyboard mappings. Just plain letters (upper and lower case) and digits
View 9 Replies
View Related
May 2, 2015
I'm trying to install Debian on a USB to create an encrypted partition, I get an error message saying I need to install missing firmware rtl_nic rtl8168d-2.fw.So I download that file and try again this time I get an error " There was a problem reading data from CD Rom" .I not using a CD Rom I put debian on the USB as an ISO file first using Unebutin then tried Rufus.
View 12 Replies
View Related
Aug 18, 2010
but I wantto set up a new system with openSUSE 11.3 The system should be fully encrypted. I want to use the best possible encryption.1 I am not sure, AES 256 xts-plain is the most secure single algorithm, isn't it?2 Is it possible to use a cipher? 3 Which algorithm does the yast-installer use when I encrypt the whole system with a logical volume group?I have read this two articles:a) Encrypted Root File System - openSUSEb) openSUSE Lizards encrypted root file system on LVMBut I have to say that these routines are a little bit complicated in my eyes.Isnt there a easier way to encrypt the whole OS?I know there is a 64bit live cd available. 4 So the first description (a) is obsolete?5 How can I set up a (fully encrypted) system without using LVM?The hard disk layout should be done in this way:
/boot sda1
/enhanced partition sda2
/swap sda5
[code]....
View 8 Replies
View Related
