Debian Configuration :: Can't Send Email From Command Line Using Mail

I'm running a desktop-less version of Debian via Sun VirtualBox. The reason I'm doing this is because I don't have enough graphics or RAM power to have a desktop environment running on top of my current desktop; also, I want to learn Linux through the command prompt. I'm running the AMD64 version of Debian; I'm not sure if that's relevant.

My main goal is to be able to email useful files from the virtual Debian to my main computer, so that I can save them for later if I ever decide to do a "real" installation of Debian on this computer. I realize now that there's probably some "easy" way to do this by reading the virtual machine's hard drive, but at this point, my curiosity wants to see this issue resolved. I started off wanting to find a command-line program to send my email with, and one was built-in. The syntax ~$ sudo mail -s "Subject" email@yahoo.com "This is a test email."

C^D
Cc:C^D ~$

is what I found. I tried it, and (unsurprisingly), it failed. I then learned that the mail command calls exim4, or something along those lines, so I needed to configure exim4. Soon thereafter, I learned that Yahoo's SMTP wasn't public, but Google's was. So, I found this web page which described how to configure exim4 to allow for email to be sent to a Gmail account. I made one, and followed the page word-for-word.

I sudo-mailled a test email to my Gmail account, and nothing happened. I waited a bit longer, and still, nothing happened. Finally, I started looking around, and found out about the exim4 logs in /var/log/exim4. In my mainlog, I think that it's telling me that Google denied my connection: <date><time><random numbers and letters> == **********.gmail.com R=send_via_gmail t=gmail_smtp defer (111): Connection refused

So, now, I'm just stuck. I don't know what I did wrong, I checked my exim4.conf.template twice for spelling errors, but I don't think I made any. At this point, I can only hope that someone else has had a similar problem, or knows what I'm doing wrong (or haven't done yet).