Ubuntu :: Understanding Roles Of Commands: At - Batch And Anacron
Nov 19, 2010
I'm trying to understand the role of the at command. Does cron use at to run its jobs? Or is at, and batch for that matter, a separate cue that is only stored while the computer is on. As for anacron, anacron on runs once a day and is geared for a computer that is turned of frequently, as opposed to a server when it is on all the time. I've already man'ed these commands, and googled. I'm just trying to understand more how they work.
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Feb 17, 2011
I'm looking to, all in the course of one batch file:
ssh into a remote computer execute commands (per the batch file) on the remote host.
What options do I need to add to the ssh invocation so that the batch file executes the lines following the ssh invocation over the connection?
e.g., with sftp it's simply adding a -b /dev/stdin and then << EOF at the end; how do I do this with SSH?
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May 18, 2011
I'm trying to clean up a few hundred thousand mp3 files and I'm dying to find a way to automate some of the mechanical tasks I keep doing. It seems like at least two of these tasks could be easily accomplished with something at the command line, but I don't have the chops/know-how to figure out how (and would really rather not trial and error with batch deleting files & folders...).
1) Delete all folders named "_MACOSX" (and all subfolders/files contained therein) -- Basically, I'd like to apply this command to a few hundred directories that may or may not contain a subfolder called "_MACOSX" that I'd really like to get rid of.
2) Delete all files named "*.m3u". -- Similar to the first, I want to automatically scan all directories and subdirectories in a given location for all instances of this file-type and delete them wherever they're found.
3) Move all files named *.txt", "*.doc", "*.pdf" to a specific location. -- Similar to the last, except instead of deleting, I'd like to just move them, so that if there is anything worth keeping, I can keep it.
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Nov 22, 2010
I need to write a windows batch file to run unix commands by logging onto a telnet unix server. For example , I might want the batch file to log onto the unix sever, run the ls command, collect the output in a file and ftp it back to my windows desktop
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Apr 9, 2010
I am having a hard time understanding how to order the commands in the CLI. Its like I don't have a clue as to what do next.
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Oct 18, 2010
I have a problem with keyboard mappings on F13. I have the following in my .xmodmap file that is run from .bash_profile:
[code]...
The problem is that at seemingly random times the roles of the caps lock and control keys (and the other customisations) gets reverted back to normal - which makes for an awful lot of confusion! Running xmodmap again switches them to how I like it, but again after a seemingly random period it resets itself. This occurs under KDE and Gnome in F13, but did not occur in F12. Using the KDE keyboard settings dialog to switch caps lock and control does the exhibits the same behaviour.
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May 10, 2011
Well I'm totally frustrated. I have been trying to figure out how to use anacron (schedule tasks). I Googled,Binged,Yahooed, and manpaged.I cannot find how to, at least, start anacron. To use 'cron' I use crontab -e. What do i use to start anacron?.
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Dec 7, 2010
My sisters machine is running ubuntu and having just logged in as root I noticed I had some emails from anacron. These all read:
[Code]...
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Aug 16, 2011
I have been trying to set up PC up to do automatic backups using a script I developed and anacron. The script runs perfectly when I run it manually in bash, but won't run through anacron. I followed all the advice on CronHowTo etc etc and are at a loss for why this is not happening. Here is my anacron tab (new bits in blue):
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# These replace cron's entries
1 5 cron.daily nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily
7 10 cron.weekly nice run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly
[Code]...
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Aug 16, 2009
In F10 the boot sequence hangs just after loading anacron. I booted with interactive mode and after saying 'yes' to starting anacron I'm prompted to start 'local'. When I say yes, my system hangs.
I've seen quite a few posts regarding very similar issues that people were having. None of them seem to have a clear cut solution.
Some posts mentioned about the wrong video drivers, however I've been using the same video drivers for a couple of months now and never experienced this problem.
I looked at /etc/rc.local and all it has in it is 'touch /var/lock/sybsys/local'
I also looked at the file above and there is nothing in it.
Any ideas/solutions? Everything was working just fine the other day. so I'm completely baffled.
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Jan 21, 2011
I'm trying to find out how to change the time at which daily events run per Anacron. Has anyone done that before?
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Apr 6, 2010
I just turn of the services, but there is something wrong about it...How to locate the problem? Maybe its some script in /etc/cron.*? Ive tried running them "manually" but nothing special happened. Is there a log for cron-scripts (or what are they callled)?The kernel panic says something like this: "Kernel panic not syncing, fatal exception in interupt, iwl4965 - irq_tasklet".So it seems to be in the iwl4965 driver, but also strange as it is connected to ana/cron.
It hapens very unregularly sometimes just a minute after starting ana/cron, sometimes it can go longer. It wasnt always like this, first it just happened when I played Warcraft on wine and i thought that was the cause (it might not even be the same problem, but i think so), but then it happened at other times also, so I fiddeled around with the startup services and found that disabling cron and anacron (its about the same thing I figure) keeps the trouble away. Well, its not a big problem, but I just wanted to see what the problem is, Also, is the cron-script doing anything of importance
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Feb 6, 2009
After a few days of wrestling the xorg.conf file and the akmods/kmod apps, finally have it running properly with a dual display/one graphic card setup BUT only from init 3 and then startx. Trying with init 5 shows a segmentation fault right after recognizing the kmod driver but the sequence keeps running until it after it hits the anacron OK portion. This occurs with an NVIDIA 6800 XT which is covered by the 180.25 driver. Other forum Q&A suggests the wrong driver but NVIDIA recommends this one.
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Feb 18, 2009
I recently purchased a Quadro FX 4800 and tried to install it on Fedora 10. During the installation, Fedora didn't recognize my new graphics card and began installing the OS in text mode. I stopped the installation and tried to start over, this time I passed the following command: linux resolution=1024x768. I then proceeded with the installation, and again, I was posed with a text mode installation. I continued with the text mode install and when Fedora was done installing, I rebooted and system just locked up.
At this point I was frustrated, so I reinstalled my old 8800 graphics card and started a new install with something that worked in the past. When the install was done, I loaded the latest NVIDIA drivers and the rebooted. I reinstalled my new graphics card (Quadro FX 4800) then powered up my system. I thought everything was good to go and all of a sudden my system flickered and then locked up during the 'Anacron' testing phase. I then rebooted with the "Ctrl+Alt+Del" hotkeys, but my system always locks up during the 'Anacron' testing sequence. I am aware that the Quadro FX 4800 is a few months old, but how can I get it to work in linux? It has gotten so bad, that I had to resort to using MS Vista.
System specs:
Intel Core Duo Quad Core
4 gigs DDR2
SATA RAID 0
Mobo: 680i SLI
800WATT Power Supply
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Apr 19, 2011
For this code:
Code:
class B1
{
[code]....
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May 20, 2010
I'm beginning to deal with more than one user on my system (it's a VPS serving some sites) and I need to make sure I understand how group permissions work. I have an account named "admin" .. it's basically the primary account that is used for serving most of the sites that I control myself. Now, I added a second account named "Ville" as one of my users wants to be able to administer that site. So, I can do this the easy way and just chown their domains folder under the ville user, they have permission to do whatever they need be and so forth. However, let's say I want to also give the admin user access to the files (modifying and all) .. how can I put both users into the same group and give them both permission?
I've tried doing:
sudo usermod -a -G admin ville
To add the ville into the admin group, but ville still cannot edit files by admin. Permissions for the primary directory for the ville user are read/write for both owner and group, and the current group for the files is admin:admin ..
But ville still can't write into the directory. So, what should I be doing here to get this right and secure at the same time?
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Apr 10, 2010
I've installed ClamTK on my Kubuntu 9.10 installation, since it's connected to a Windows7 machine.When I ran a scan, it found 9 'viruses', but they are all within my home directory > Opera/mail/store and are either status Phishing.Heuristics.Email.SpoofedDomain OR HTML.Phishing.Bank-593.I recently synced my Hotmail into Opera, so I checked the corresponding dates in my Hotmail account and deleted the emails which I thought were related, however, after clearing down my Opera history, etc., re-booting my PC and re-scanning, the results are the same.How do I clear down these files?
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Jun 8, 2010
The O'Reilly book, Linux in a Nutshell, Sixth Edition has this excerpted section (on Legacy GRUB):If GRUB is installed in the MBR, you can chainload Windows by setting the root device to the partition that has the Windows boot loader, making it the active partition, and then using the chainloader command to read the Windows boot sector.If GRUB has been installed to (hd0,0)'s MBR, then I am confused what "file" chainloader +1 is pointing to. Obviously, it is not the MBR but that is confusing to me. When one boots a Linux system with GRUB in the MBR, what file does chainloader +1 point to?
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Jul 16, 2010
I'm trying to set up an Ubuntu server using 10.04 (64-bit), and running into problems after a couple of reconfigurations. Here's the full story:I initially built the server on a 400+GB RAID5 array, putting everything but swap in one partition. Unfortunately, I needed to repartition, putting / in the first primary partition, swap in the second partition, /var/log in the third primary partition and /home in the remaining space on the fourth primary partition.
However, at this step, I ran into some problems with UUIDs in /etc/fstab and Grub2 (I've used Linux for about 9 years, but I'm new to Ubuntu, and I haven't used UUIDs or Grub2 on Gentoo, yet). Consequently, I made the (probably not smart) decision to move back to the /dev/sdX notation I am familiar with.The problem with that is that now I need even more space on /home, so I've added a Dell Powervault and a Dell PERC5/e SATA card to my server. Now, Grub2 tries to boot from the new RAID array on the Powervault instead of the internal RAID array, so I am trying to move back to the UUID notation so that I don't have worry about /dev/sda being the internal array sometimes and the external array at other times.I don't mind being RTFM'd, but I'm having trouble finding pointers to the documentation explaining Grub2 configuration and the UUID notation. Does anyone have pointers to some readable, concise documentation on configuring this in Ubuntu?
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Jul 20, 2010
On Windows, you can go to a file's permissions and it's clearly stated who can do what. You can choose between individual users or groups such as 'everyone' or certain types of users such as 'domain users'. You could create a clear cut list of every single user/group on the system and what their permissions for a file are and have it neatly displayed in a list.On Unix, we have octal permissions and sticky bits. I understand the whole concept of rwxrwxrwx (777). The first three are what the file owner can do, the second is what the main group the user belongs to can do, and the third is what other users can do.
But, when you view a file's permissions you are only getting the permissions as they apply to the user that owns the file. For example, as I understand it, if I viewed a file that only the root user had rwx permissions on and everyone else could only read. The permissions would show up as rwxr--r-- (744). But, those same permissions would show up to any user as 744 as well. Since the last 3 characters are what applies to "other users" (pretty vague). How would someone know what users in particular those permissions apply to? There could be one "other user" that can rwx that file and another "other user" that can't.Also, why just stop with the main group? What about other groups? A the user Foo's main group he belongs to might be Foo. But he could also belong to the groups Boo and Zoo, which belong to other users and would give him full rwx permissions over Boo and Zoo's files just as if he were Boo or Zoo.
Then you have the whole sticky bit thing that makes it so that files can be owned by the same person and at the same time be made use of (to varying degrees) by other users. To chmod the UID you'd chmod 2777 or for GID 4777 (just an an example). I did this for a file and it allowed a standard user account who was previously unable to run the command to be able to run it. But, how can that work when I didn't anywhere specify what particular user (or groups of users) that sticky bit applies to?
I'm confused about this whole thing to the point that I'm not even sure exactly what questions I should be asking or even if my examples are even 100% correct. I just sort of ranted about some specific things that floated to the top of my head. Permissions are easy to understand when your running a Unix-like system on a single user desktop. Because the only users/groups you have are root, the single user, and various system users/groups that you don't really need to worry about. So a file with rwxr--r-- means that only the Root user (not even members of his group) can edit the file and you can't unless you use sudo. Because the "other user" in the last 3 characters always just means you. But, things seem to get a whole lot more complicated when you start adding in multiple users. Can someone explain this or link to a "for dummies" article that can explain all of this to me in a way that someone who's used to Windows style permissions can make a connection between the two OS families and their way of handling these things?
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Nov 12, 2010
I am learning how to use DD for creating images across networks and locally but needed some clarification.
1 - When creating an image, I noticed that there is no verbose to show you the progress, How can I accomplish this?
2 - When I run this on a 8G usbstick it takes a long time to image. How can I speed up this process?
PHP Code:
dd if=/dev/sdb of=/home/test/images/image.dd
3 - When an image is restored like
PHP Code:
dd if=/home/test/images/image.dd of=/dev/sdb
will that give me a working bootable usbstick? For example if I imaged a working usbstick with Ubuntu on it using DD and restored it like the example above on a different usbstick, will this give me a booting new usbstick? I hope that came across ok?
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Aug 1, 2011
I have an application that uses port 8080 all the time. One time, for some reason, it was taken by I didn't know what.
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Dec 3, 2010
var param = function() { <whatever> } ;What exactly does the above MEAN, and why have they included this in the language this way?
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Aug 21, 2010
I don't quite understand how pipes work in bash. I know that it takes an output from one command as the input in another command. What an output is I can get because it's what the command prints out to the screen. But how do I know what input a command will take? Here is an example I thought would work:
Which gem | rm
Unfortunately it didn't.
Which gem prints out "/usr/bin/gem" so that must be the output right? I thought that was given to rm so it would be "rm /usr/bin/gem" but I was wrong. How do I know what input a command takes?
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Aug 11, 2010
I'm trying to set up a machine to "drive" a piece of equipment (a metal plate embosser [kind of like a daisywheel printer for credit card sized pieces of metal], FWIW). What I ideally want is a linux distro that I can boot from CD (I think the term is Live CD?), log itself in as a user and display only a console. It needs to be able to support windows fileshares and python.
Essentially it needs to boot, connect to a single fileshare on a Win2k8 machine, and be able to execute a couple of scripts that will output to a serial port. One of them will be more or less the following:
wget http://WEBSITE/?<parameter passed to script> --quiet --output-document=<name of serial port>
The other is a somewhat more complicated Python script that processes a CSV spreadsheet and produces data for the machine.
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Jul 13, 2011
My grub file looks like this:-
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
[code]...
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Jun 20, 2011
2 Questions:
1) Is there a dedicated forum on the net for people writing Linux drivers?
2) I've been reading over how Linux drivers are put together and even made my own dummy driver. However, before I begin writing the "real" driver I set out to write, I would like someone with some driver writing experience to verify that my knowledge is correct.
The driver I intend to write is for a PCI card. The very first thing I need is to know is the vendor ID and device ID of the card. After having that information, I can then use the pci_register_driver command to open a connection to the card. At this point, I need to use the pci_*_config_* commands (an example of a pci_*_config_* command is pci_read_config_byte) to figure out where the device is mapped in memory and what I/O ports I need. Now, the pci_* breed of commands take a parameter integer (which is an address) as there second argument. The address(es) which I will use and what they accomplish is device dependent. At this point, after having otained the I/O ports I need, I can then begin writing to them via the inb, outb, etc commands. Writing to X port will have Y result but this is vendor specific.
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Nov 20, 2010
I have been reading some books about device driver development etc.I made a char driver of bond (dummy) device. My book says that PCI devices contain three addressable regions,configuration space,IO ports,and device memory,the book talks about a file include/linux/pci_ids.h and PCI addressing etc.I read about following functions
1) pci_read_config_
2) pci_write_config_ some thing known as offset is defined to be passed on as an argument to above functions
3) IRQ number assigned to a card function pci_read_config_byte_,configuration register offsets
4) pci_request_region I want to write a pci driver for my own understanding and I am reading some books about it.
[Code]...
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Mar 30, 2010
As part of my job I often have to write queries in Oracle (10g) and I am experienced enough to see where I should be using an index where possible etc. Most of the time I just let the CBO come up with the best plan however sometimes it obviously doesn't!Now, I know in general that full scans of large tables aren't good however I don't fully understand an execution plan - ie, I could not look at a complex piece of code, look at it's plan and say "oh, the reason that is performing badly there is because the SBO has chosen to use nested loops rather than a hash join, so if I hint it then it will run quicker!" - this ultimately is where I'm trying to get to
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Jan 6, 2011
I'm reading "Understanding the Linux Kernel" and came upon this assembly instruction:
movl $(__KERNEL_CS << 16), %eax
I am curious as to what "<<" means/does. I tried to gooogle, but google doesn't search for "<<".
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