Ubuntu Servers :: Proper Raid1 Data Drive Formating
Feb 4, 2011
I have a ubuntu sever with a raid1 data drive formated in native linux ext3. I have searched for answers to my question but most likely I'm not asking it correctly. I want to use the data drive to store backups of files from various ubuntu and windows machines. Do I need to reformat the drive as ntfs to enable windows use or can it remain as ext3? For that matter can I reformat as ext4 as a soultion? Again, I wish to use the data drive as a backup storage.
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Dec 28, 2010
i have sd drive that does not want to format. I tried gparted with errors saying the same thing...i want use this drive as free so i can put pictures in it and stuff
Code:
root@sal:~# sudo chown sal /media/fc30-3da9
chown: cannot access `/media/fc30-3da9': No such file or directory
[code]....
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Dec 23, 2010
I have two disks from a old computer (now it doesn't exist anymore). They were in raid 1 with this configuration:
Code:
----------------
| disk 1 | disk 2
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| OS
----------------
| |
| raid 1 | raid 1
| |
----------------
There is probably an error in one of the two disks, however raid 1 should allow we to restore data. So now I can physically mount this disks on a machine with ubuntu (ubuntu is on another disk). My question is: how can I restore data from disks? I think that using mdadm is not enough.
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May 15, 2011
I would like to move a samba fileserver from ClearOS5 to Ubuntu. It has raid1 (software) and I would like to save one partition from it, md3. The other partitions could be used for Ubuntu. How would I go about this so that I don't erase data from md3 and is it even possible?
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Jun 5, 2010
I have never preformed a rebuild of an RAID array. I am collecting resources, which details how to build an RAID 5 array when one drive has failed. Does the BIOS on the RAID controller card start to rebuild the data on the new drive once it is installed?
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Feb 25, 2011
I am using software RAID in Ubuntu Server Edition 9.10 to mirror(RAID1) two 1TB harddrives. These are used for data storage and websites.I also have a 80GB harddrive for the operatigsystem. This drive has no backup or RAID at all. Should this drive crash and the system therefore to become no longer bootable, will I be able to recover the data the 1TB drives or should I backup the 80GB drive as well?
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Feb 1, 2011
We have had a hardisk crash in our RAID1 webhosting server running CentOS5 and Plesk. We first realized something was wrong when our main site didn't load but showed MySQL errors. We then found out that the system was in read-only state. Something that also happened the day before yesterday, but we could fix with a FSCK. Then the system worked well til around 18 hours later when it crashed with the same sympoms. So, we rebooted the server and wanted to do a filesystem check again. But the HDD wouldnt even load. It was gone. Unfortunatelly it was not realized that the second disk in the system was also not working any more for some time now. Fortunatelly we had our main site backed up externally though. So we could re-install a fresh box and mounted the two drives to the system. We checked the harddisk. One is practically empty (the older one), the other has almost only files in 'lost + found' but these are all "numbered", no real filenames or so.
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Aug 10, 2011
I have bought a ICYBOX IB-NAS4220-B a while ago and kept getting issues with it (going down and not restarting, very slow etc). 2 weeks ago one more issue arose and I couldn't restart or reconnect to the box so decided to take the disks out and recover my data to a 5BIG Lacie. The IcyBox uses a software RAID1 and format drives in EXT3. Being a Linux system I thought I could easily recover data from an Ubuntu box so installed the latest version as CD boot wouldn't give me satisfactory results. I am now stuck with both 1TB drive plugged into my Ubuntu machine and can't seem to be able to mount the drives.
[Code]....
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May 17, 2010
I am self teaching everything I need to develop a home-based web server (linux/apache/php/mysql/html/css/etc...) It's quite an undertaking, but not beyond my abilities. I thought this question could have gone in either the linux - software or linux - hardware forum, and certainly not in the n00b section, but I figured it's best be put in the linux - server forum, since that's what this is related to.
I have been looking into the software and hardware RAID solutions for linux because I wanted to make sure that the boot drive of the web server I set up is mirrored with transparent disk fail/replace/recovery. I mean, setting up a boot drive for RAID1 sounded perfectly logical to me, and why wouldn't it to anybody else? So, since I knew RAID controllers were expensive, I looked into the native software RAID support in linux. My findings have revealed an issue with software raiding a boot drive in not only linux but windows as well. Apparently, if the primary drive fails (not the mirror), you have no other option but to power down the system to properly replace the failed disk, reboot, play some config crap, resync the drive, do some more config crap, reboot again, and -hopefully- it'll be ok. Well, that procedure is simply out of the question since the idea behind RAID is to transparently proceed as if nothing happened.
I'd like to know if it's even possible to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent and automatic fail/hot-swap/recover WITHOUT rebooting the system and with no intervention on my part other then replacing the drive whether it be a software raid or hardware raid solution. Eventually, what I'd like to do for a drive configuration is have 3 RAID volumes on the server configured like so:
RAID volume 1 = boot drive w/ webserver installed
RAID volume 2 = database files
RAID volume 3 = flatfile storage
Each raid volume will be a RAID1 of a 1TB drive (total = 6 x 1TB drives)
I've seen a lot of people having failure issues with the software RAID in these forums. Is this more common than not? I'm certainly not opposed to buying a hardware RAID solution as long as they're reliable and provide transparent/automatic recovery. So what's the best way to RAID1 the boot drive for transparent/automatic failover?
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Aug 11, 2010
intending to set up an all-in-one server, i threw in the ubuntu server 10.04 (amd64) cd. during the text-install, i set up the device-topology below, and it worked.
[Code]....
then i tested my raid by hot-pulling off the sda wire (ouch). worked fine, system still worked, and it also managed rebooting from the left sdb (which of course showed up being sda, lacking the first drive). now i am trying to recover this pre-crash state. adding the first disk (showing up as sdb), i can add it to md0 and let it start syncronizing for 2 hours. but... i can?t boot anymore with the recovered first disk being sda...
at first, booting got stuck in an initrd-prompt after complaining it couldn?t find my sys-logical volume. after a lot of trial and error i don?t even get any complaints, just a black screen which would let me wait for a boot for weeks... so, my system does not boot from my first disk, whether i plug in the second or not. my second disk still boots. my last attempt to get booting fine again has been: zero sda?s first and last gigabyte to kill any ids duplicate sdb?s first cylinder to sda to make it bootable reinitialize sdb?s part.table using command o in fdisk for a new disk-id recreate sda1 partition add sda1 to md0
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Jan 5, 2011
I had a thread earlier asking for help installing Ubuntu Server to my homemade atom based NAS, but I gave up on that (GUI's are more helpful to me ) and so now I'm running Ubuntu 10.10 Desktop 64bit edition.Last night I was finally able to get mdadm set up. I have two 1TB disks set up in RAID1 config. I used
Code:
sudo mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
to create the array, and then waited until it finished assembling. Then I used System>Administration>Disk
[code]....
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Jul 2, 2010
The motherboard currently installed on my PC has a RAID Utility (Ctrl+I) at the startup that allow creating RAID1. But I already have a system installed with CentOS 5.4. In order to protect my data, I need RAID1. Can I add another Hard Drive now and have the data mirrored and synced onto both hard drives as if it was in RAID1 right from the beginning?
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Jul 29, 2010
I have built a small test server. I am planing on using this machine a an email and web server to test out its hosting capacities. in the future I will build a larger and more well equipped version.
AMD Athlon x2 2.0ghz
2 160gb SATA drives (hardware raid 1, done through the Motherboard)
2 gb ram (dual channel)
Like I said small test server. I am trying to install 10.04 server edition. When I get to the point of partitioning it asks me to activate the raid so I do. I get through the guided partitioning and get ready to write the file system to the drives and the screen goes red and says that it has failed. On a side note, this works if i install it on the same drives without any raid configuration.
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Feb 7, 2011
I have a RAID1 array, where mdadm states that one of the disks is "removed." Naturally, I assume one of the drives has failed. The mdadm --detail command tells me that the sda drive has failed. However, further inspection from the mdadm -E /dev/sdb1 command says that sdb1 disk has been removed. I am a bit confused. Can someone clarify which drive is failed? Am I misreading the command outputs?
Code:
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[Code]...
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Jul 31, 2011
I have an existing Fedora 15 system installed from scratch.I've ordered a harddrive identical to my SDA and want to add it to my existing system as a RAID1 setup.I've googled around and cannot find recent clear instructions how to accomplish this. I don't want to reinstall everything from scratch. It should be possible to create the RAID1 using the existing data disk and then mirror everything up?
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May 14, 2011
I installed a distro based on CentOS 5.5 (FreePBX distro FYI). It used an automated kickstart script to create an md RAID1 array of all the hard drives connected to the machine. Well, I installed from a thumb drive, which the script in interpreted as a hard drive and thus included in the array. So, I ended up with three md arrays (boot, swap, data) that included the thumb drive. Even better, it used the thumb drive for grub boot so I couldn't start up without it. I was able to mark the USB drive as 'failed' and remove from each array, and even change grub around to boot without the usb drive, but now each of the arrays is marked as degraded:
[Code]...
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May 5, 2010
I have an Ubuntu Server on (8.10) running under Citrix XenServer (though that shouldn't make a difference).
I installed on a single disk:
xvda1 - 200 MB - /boot
xvda2 - 9.8 GB - LVM (ubuntu-base)
The LVM is:
swap - 1.0 GB
root - 8.8 GB - /
I have successfully gotten this converted to RAID1 by adding a new drive (xvdb) and following the Debian howtoforge article [URL]
What I have not been able to do, is get grub working properly.
If I fail xvdb and reboot the system, everything comes up and I can reboot and run.
If I fail xvda and reboot the system, XenServer gives me a bootloader error. i.e.: no grub
If someone has done this, can they tell me what grub commands to run to get a successful boot of the primary disk fails?
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Nov 14, 2010
One of the hard drives in my server failed the other day, backups saved the day and downtime was only a few hours, but when setting up the new drive I went ahead and migrated to software RAID, in the hopes it may give me less downtime in the future when a drive fails. It all went rather well, but my main root partition won't finish syncing for some reason.
sda was the original drive with sda4 as /, sda1 as /boot, and sda2 as swap. sdb was the drive that failed and was replaced with the new drive. So I set up sdb with the same partitions of sda, added it to a RAID1 array, copied files from sda, and reboot to md4 as /, md1 as /boot, and md2 as swap. I added the sda partitions to the array, and the sync went off without a hitch on md1 and md2, md4 progresses well, but after a few hours /proc/mdstat just shows this:
Code:
root@d668:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md2 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]
9767424 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[Code]...
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Apr 10, 2011
I accidentally rm -rf 'ed /etc directory from the main server. The server has raid1 soft-raid. Is there a way to recover the directory.
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May 3, 2011
im on 10.10(desktop) and mdadm was v2.8.1 from 2008, very out of date so i tried 3.2.1 -> no change. mdadm raid1 read speeds are the same as single disk. note i used the tests in the disk utility benchmarking tool at first --these showed raid 5 atleast to be much better but when i tried dd reads raid5 dropped off with larger data to almost the same (slow) speed as raid1. compare:
[code]....
using two partitions will be enough to show raid1 performs at single disk speed. I dont really want to use a 4 disk raid0 just to get the read speed i should be able to get with raid1 as i dont really care about the size loss. I would of course use raid10 but i have found this suffers from the same problem (achieve same read speed as 2 disk stripe). So whilst im shocked others aren't reporting this, unless there is some obscure reason why my system would give these results i think raid1 in not behaving as it should.
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Jul 28, 2015
Recently tried to make RAID1 on MBR partitions scheme on Debian Jessie - debian-8.1.0-amd64-DVD-1. The issue - I have unable to boot from second drive after grub-install /dev/sdb by any ways. RAID1 itself for / swap and home is fully functional. Decided to try the same thing on GPT, same story. How to boot from second drive on most recent Debian Branches?
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Aug 15, 2010
I have installed a 2TB drive in my dual PIII 866 with 750MB ram. The drive is properly installed and I have configured the drive with 1 partition in RAID1. The array loads fine, but when I add the entry to mount the /dev/md2 /data/repository the following error occurs The filesystem size according to the superblock is 488378000 blocks The physical size of the device is 488377986 blocks Either the superblock or partition table is likely corrupt I have run fsck manually with no errors reported. I have removed the partition and rebuilt the array. The array assembles properly and I can manually mount the /dev/md2, but as soon as I add the entry to the fstab I get dropped to a shell after a reboot. Not sure where to go now?
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Oct 26, 2010
What is the most proper place to mount a NFS share? I have an NFS server that shares up data to my network. Should I mount it under /mnt/NFS, /media/NFS, or /home/user/NFS? Under /mnt, I notice that a disk icon does not appear when using Gnome.
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Dec 29, 2010
I have 2 WD20EARS hard drives on the way (2 TB green WD disks with 4k sectors) and I'll be installing Centos 5.5 in RAID1 on them (2 partitions, one 16 GB / at the beginning and the rest in its own partition). I read the following thread: [URL]
and it seems that I might be having problems with the 4k sectors (Advanced Drive Format in WD lingo). I'm confused as to what exactly to do. I was thinking of downloading Fedora 14 Live CD and partitioning there and then switching to Centos 5.5 to install. Will that work? Seems I want the md 0.9 metadata because it doesn't have the space limit for me (2 TB) and it's stored at the end of the partition so it avoids alignment issues. Will I be able to make that happen with Fedora 14?
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Jun 27, 2009
I have a used but good harddrive which I'd like to use as a replacement for a removed harddrive in existing raid1 array. mdadm --detail /dev/md00 0 0 -1 removed1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1I thought I needed to mark the removed drive as failed but I cannot get mdadm set it to "failed". I issue mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sda1But mdadm response is:mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sda1: no such device or addressI thought I must mark the failed drive as "failed" to prevent raid1 from trying to mirror in wrong direction when I install my used-but-good disk. I want to reformat the good used drive first right? I believe I must prevent raid array from automatically try to mirror in the wrong direction.
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Feb 19, 2011
We purchased a new database system at work last October, ditching the old system because of a lack of support from the vendor. This is a retail Point of Sale and Backoffice database system. I am not sure what system the new one runs on, but the system we replaced was a Firebird data base. The reason I am posting is because we are now in need of the information contained in the old database which was not completely imported into the new system.
Basically the problem is this: The database in on a Windows XP system and I found a copy of SQL Manager Lite 2008 on the system, which after quite a bit of studying, I figured out how to extract the database into a removable file. I have this file (178MB) on a USB stick in a file called Backoffice.fbd.
My studying suggests to me that I can get into this database with MySQL. I have never used this and have no clue how to do this. All I want to be able to do get into the database and create tab deliminated spreadsheet files for each of the database sections (Customers, Repairs, Sales History, stock files, etc.) Is it possible to do this with Ubuntu and MySQL and if so, can expert suggest one or two things to get me started. While a guided tutorial would be nice because I am not an expert, I am willing to learn on my own if someone could point me in the right direction.
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Oct 6, 2010
Where apart from ~/.kde4/share/apps/kmail does kmail keep account data, such as login data/names of pop/smtp servers? I wanted to install an entirely clean version of kmail, so I uninstalled/re-installed kmail via YAST. I manually deleted ~/.kde4/share/apps/kmail. After installing kmail I found that the account data of my Yahoo account were still listed in the kmail configuration panel. Shall I delete the Yahoo account within kmail prior to uninstalling the kmail package?
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Mar 30, 2010
i have 2 hard drives with originally Win XP on one of them, and i thought it would be cool to have one with WinXP and the other one with Linux.so i choose Ubuntu. i just wished someone would have told me how Pro you really have to be for Linux.and that its totally not what i was looking for,...and apparently im a total Noob.so i Installed it, wasnt that hard, and first i thought what a cool OS ill keep it!than i tried Booting my Old OS *WinXP* from the other Harddisk (worked perfectly until than)/so Basically Ubuntu ****** up my WinXP because now i get the NTLDR Missing Error trying to start WinXP, that never happend before with that Pc.
i tought great now i have to reinstall Xp, but it came much worse,...i boot from the XP cd, and cant use the "normal" install funktion, because some errors say that i cant use the Partitions etc (no idea) up to cd reading errors,...so i wanted to try the Windows Repair console and easy Format C and D to get rid of Linux and reinstall a clean WinXP/
which OFC needs a stupid Admin Password, which i honestly NEVER have choosen.(i have no idea what the admin PW could be).than i made the big mistake of all, and tried to learn to Format anything with Linux,...20 stupid "tutorials" Later i still couldnt make it because im not that good with English and Linux,.
and all that programming speech, fdisk etc really is to complicated for me,...(i spent 1 hour finding where to enter the any command, because all tutorials ofc know that you ofc need the Terminal application,....half of the "how Tos: and Tutorials simply dont work because he doesnt know the Commands im entering probably Wrong, and and the other half is way to complicated for me to understand and requires knowledge i simply dont haveholy mother of god, i can tell you i never missed Windows so much,... right click, format done,... (again im not that good with Pcs)trying to get a windows admin pw is even more complicated than simply formating,... i guess.so now after aproxx 5 hours of trying to Format a hard drive under Linux i give up and came to you.
what i would need is simply a totally Idiotproove Manual to format Everything!
i have NO Idea how Linux works,.. so please if you could tell me step by step, just what to type or what buttons to press in this stupid Terminal,....i want the whole Pc clean again, so i never have to Suffer under Linux Pro"ness" again seriously its been a long time since i was so angry with my computer, and youre my last hopeand yes im very aware that im posting a kinda antiLinux thread in a Linux forum,
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May 25, 2010
I dont know what to do, since noone responded me, I think I need to do this. My problems are in my previous post, all I am asking for a little advice on how can I remove all that is in my PC throught the command line(I can't get further)
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May 19, 2011
recently my pc crash down n i dont have cd rom cant find an option on my board for booting from usb
MB : 845
1gb ram
160 gb hd
n guys i this one wud for linux installation from laptop i have the cables both cross and parallel kindly teach me how to perform lan format//
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