There are basically two main limitations with hard links:
Hard links normally require that the link and the file reside in the same file system. Only the superuser can create a hard link to a directory.
Thus, symbolic links were introduced to get around the limitations of hard links. So, the question is, are hard links still needed? Might there be situation where they are more useful?
I have heard that creating hard link to a directory is not possible however when reading the man page of "ln" the "-d/-f" option says hard link directories ( super-user only). Thus this mean the super user i.e root can create hard link to directory and not a normal user , If yes then you . Even on specifying the above options I get a operation not permitted for a super user.
View 9 Replies View RelatedI am trying to use ln to create a hard link to file a and whenever I do it, it creates a copy of the file instead. After having edited file a, when opening the link, it shows the old information and opening file a shows the new information. The command I am using is
Code:
ln /home/user/file
within the new directory i am trying to link from. I am using centos 5.4.
CentOS 5.2 64bit 2.6.18-92.el5xen. Use rsync with --link-dest for nightly backups, works well. Was recently asked to start weekly backups to an external drive for off-site storage. The regular syncing works but hard linking seems to be ignored. So the backup is long with no space saving advantage. Here is an example of the command being run:
rsync --stats -axzvl --numeric-ids --delete --link-dest=/mnt/DISASTERBACKUPS/austinBackups/backups/2009-08-21 /AUSTINBACKUPS/backups/2009-08-24 /mnt/DISASTERBACKUPS/austinBackups/backups/
I have searched around and am trying to understand the difference between a hard link and symbolic link (soft link). I found this link is quite useful. But I am still not very clear. I understand soft link is not a copy of original file, but is a hard link a copy or not?
View 4 Replies View RelatedUbuntu 10.04 64-bit
Partition on HD
/root
/home
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I need to copy tables from abc5/abc5@pqrXYZ1 to jk8/jk8@pqrXYZ1. For this I am trying to create a link between the 2 databases but not wkng.I am pasting here what I ve tried.
sqlplus jk8/jk8@pqrXYZ1
[code]....
I have an external hard drive mounted at /media/exthdd/ On that hard drive I have folders: Music, Pictures, Videos, etc. Can I make symbolic links to /media/exthdd/Music/ to say the root directory /_ ? the directory /_ is empty I just want a quick method of typing to get me there much like [cd ~] gets me to my home/username folder. I have my music organized by Artist/Year-Album/Track.Title.mp3 I want to be able to "cd /_" then "ls" and see all Artist folders.
View 9 Replies View RelatedIn the ordering of files I keep I need links to directories. Sometimes I even need to move directories to new locations. I have tried using symlinks, but they become dead when I move the directory they point to. I have tried hard links, but I haven't found any Linux file system that would support hard linked directories. How can I achieve that a complex structure of directories (currently with symlinks for directories and hard links for files) keep symlinks live when directories are moved?
- is there any utility that updates symlinks when a directory is moved?
- is there any Linux filesystem that supports hard linked directories?
- is there any good Linux interface to the new NTFS (the only file system I know to support automatically updating directory links, called directory junctions)?
how can we create soft link and hard link in RHEL5 when am using in command it is giving format error
View 6 Replies View RelatedWe have two directories:
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 nimmy nimmy 4096 Nov 15 19:42 jeter
drwxr-x--- 2 nimmy nimmy 4096 Nov 15 19:42 mariano
I create one file in the first folder:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=jeter/zero_file.1 bs=512000 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512000 bytes (512 kB) copied, 0.268523 s, 1.9 MB/s
This is the output of du:
$ du -sh *
504K jeter
4.0K mariano
As expected, if I place a hard link of the zero_file. in the other folder du output does not change:
$ ln jeter/zero_file.1 mariano/zero_file.2
$ du -sh *
504K jeter
4.0K mariano
there is nothing in the filesystem that points to zero_file.1 as the original file. So how does du know to count zero_file.1 but not zero_file.2?It cannot be a timestamp comparison because all hard links share one inode; they'll have the same timestamp data correct?
I am new to the Linux world and I am not sure if what I am trying to do is achievable or not. I am trying to make an image of my existing drives running Linux on a USB and I want to use the same image off the USB to clone more bootable hard drives. Something like what Ghost does in windows. The problem is using 'dd' the image is too big ( I have 1tb drives ) and then I am not sure how to convert these images back on to new drives so that they boot in the OS as well. i am not sure if there is a utility that would let you do that?
View 2 Replies View RelatedWe are in the process of pruning our directories to recuperate some disk space.
The 'algorithm' for the pruning/backup process consists of a list of directories and, for each one of them, a set of rules, e.g. 'compress *.bin', 'move *.blah', 'delete *.crap', 'leave *.important'; these rules change from directory to directory but are well known. The compressed and moved files are stored in a temporary file system, burned onto a blue ray, tested within the blue ray, and, finally, deleted from their original locations.
I am doing this in Python (basically a walk statement with a dictionary with the rules for each extension in each folder).
Do you recommend a better methodology for pruning file systems? How do you do it?
I have installed gcc-3.3 & g++-3.3 in ubuntu 9.04. Now I want to change the default compiler as gcc-3.3/g++-3.3. After creating links to newly installed gcc/g++, gcc works fine but g++ doesn't work.
When I give "$which gcc" or "$gcc --version" it works fine, but when I give "$which g++" it gives nothing and also "$g++ --version" it gives an error "the program 'g++' can be found in the following packages: * g++..." When I installed gcc I gave the command "$configure --perfix=/opt/gcc33 --program-suffix=33 --enable-languages=c,c++" . When I give "$which g++33" and "$g++33 --version", work fine.
I tried following:
$export CXX=g++33
$sudo ln -s g++-3.3 g++
Nothing happens. I am very new in Linux and I need to install ns2.1a9b in gcc-3.3.
I am trying to create an empty file based on the remaining hard disk space. The problem is that when I create a file that is 1 GB large, the df command shows the remaining space to be only 12 kb smaller than it was before the file was created.
someone@here:/tmp/delete# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 36827144 5031592 29924788 15% /
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I have a Java program (minecraft server) that needs to be run from the command line. The code is:
Code:
java -Xmx512M -Xms512M -jar minecraft_server.jar nogui
To make life easy (i've got the java file in a folder on the desktop) I want to have a shortcut (or similar) sitting on the desktop. I've tried
Code:
ln 'java -Xmx512M -Xms512M -jar minecraft_server.jar nogui' ./../minesraftserver
with single and double quotes but my unix command line skills are pretty basic and this is obviously incorrect.
I downloaded the latest version of JBidWatcher and I run it with the following command...
Code:
java -Xmx512m -jar JBidwatcher-2.0.1.jar How do I create a link on the desktop or on a panel to execute that command? I can only imagine this is pretty easy but I am not getting it.
I am trying to install Java on firefox, and when I try to create a symbolic link, I get this output: ln: creating symbolic link `./jre-6u23-linux-1586.bin': Permission denied I tried using sudo, but it still did not work.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI have a bit of a problem that I don't understand and would like some help please - I will try and explain the best way I can. I installed Ubuntu using the WUBI installer and so I can access my Windows partition in /host. Using Wine I can run World of Warcraft by going to /host/Program Files/World of Warcraft/WoW.exe But I would like to create a link on my desktop to that file so I do not have to keep going to that path everytime.
The Problem - when I click make link and drag it to my desktop I double click the file (expecting it to just act like a windows shorcut) but it doesn't - it creates some of the files that are in the world of warcraft folder on the desktop and then fails to open with message: Failed to open archive dataart etc...its like it is creating a copy of files on my desktop of what is already in the WoW folder.
i have server with rhel3 ES. in folder "/lib64/tls" there is one file named libc.so.6 which is softlink of libc-2.3.2.so. i just copied libc-2.3.4.so from rhel4 AS server to rhel3 server in the same location and override the softlink libc.so.6 as a softlink of libc-2.3.4.so. now no any command is working in this server i.e.(cp,vi,rm mv ls etc.). it is also not opening any terminal and nothing command is working.
View 1 Replies View RelatedWhenever we insert CD,it creates a shortcut link in desktop.Can we list this link name by using any command? I am using Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0.
View 10 Replies View RelatedI just bought a new hard drive for my lenovo ThinkPad R60e. It is the following model:
Code:
# hdparm -I
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: WDC WD5000BUDT-63G8FY0
Firmware Revision: 01.01A01
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After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
It is regardless which kernel version I use (latest ARCH Linux 2.6.39 or 2.6.23 from a grml live system), the error is persistent everywhere.
I am copying my home folder from my old computer (Ubuntu 9.10) to my new one (Ubuntu 10.04)
I thought that I would make a tar archive of my home directory (~60GB), then copy it across the network and untar it in my new home folder.
The problem is that I have several hard links (30 at most). When I try and untar the tar in my new computer it runs into errors with the hard links.
I think the problem is that it has unzipped the hard link before it's target and detected an error.
One solution is to add --hard-dereference to the tar command , this will create a separate copy of each hard link. but I would really like an exact copy of my home folder on my new computer.
Does anyone have any ideas? Either copying my home directory, or how to make tar handle hard links sensibly?
I have two folders as :
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 1368064 Mar 10 18:28 monitor
drwxrwxrwx 7 root root 12288 Feb 18 17:07 monitorDONE
I have created one short cut link for this folder with below command :
ln -s monitorDONE recordings lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Mar 13 14:30 recordings -> monitorDONE This link is under /var/www/html Now, when I do IP/recordings It show me an Error as Forbidden You don't have permission to access /recordings on this server.
however, I couldn't find a place in which it would really fit well. I have 2 hard drives, that I want to backup. I've heard of servers and things like that using a hard drive image. Is this similar to a disk image? What are the benefits of using hard drive imaging as opposed to using DVDs? And perhaps most importantly: how would I go about it using Fedora 10 (64 bit)?
View 5 Replies View RelatedThis concerns the Logical Volume Manager (LVM).
1) Why would I create a new volume group to add a new hard drive to a system, rather than add the drive to an existing volume group?
2) If I created a new volume group and added a new hard drive to it, would I see the total free space (I see 30 GB now via the file browser)? For example, if I have 30 GB free on the main drive (with the OS), and I add a new drive of say 40 GB in a new volume group (using LVM) would I see 70 GB of free space? That doesn't seem to happen.
I am looking for a guide for Fedora 13 that tells me how to:
1. Create an encrypted partition on an an external USB hard drive
2. Tells me how to setup Fedora to ask me for the passphrase when I plug in the drive
3. Automounts the hard drive to a set location
The guide should deal with the situation that the computer can mount without declaring the external hard drive is not there.At present my attempt at mounting my Samsung Story USB2 hard drives does not meet criteria 2 and 3.
I am so sorry but this is not for me. I cant make this work. I want to install windows xp back in my pc, i just give up with Linux, I lack the expertise to do anything here.
View 2 Replies View RelatedWhat is the best way to create a complete hard drive backup to restore and boot Ubuntu in case of a crash? Only Ubuntu 10.04 Desktop is installed on this Dell Hard Drive. I searched the forums but no info and now that my install is running so good I want to protect it.
View 1 Replies View Relatedthis is in the wrong section, but I wasn't sure where to put it. Since the background to my problem is kind of long winded I've split this post into two sections: Short version of problem
I have a PC that has two internal drives: one drive (drive A) is empty, and the other (drive B) has a copy of windows vista installed. At the moment the PC boots from drive A. I'd like to transfer everything from drive A to drive B, so that this new disk will boot and behave nicely and windows will still function.
Is there any easy way to do this in ubuntu? I'm guessing I can use something like dd, but will this copy the boot sector and will I have to mess around with the partition table? Long version of the problem
Today I built a new PC for my dad with two internal drives. He was previously using vista on a laptop which died a few days ago, and I'd like to install vista on one disk of the new PC, and ubuntu on the other disk.
He has a licensed copy of Vista for his laptop, but it came as a "system restore" disk, and so I can't install vista directly onto the new PC. I have an identical laptop to his, so I took out the drive from his laptop, put it in my laptop, and did a "system restore" from the disk that came with the laptop. I then took out the drive from my laptop, and put this inside the new PC. It boots up fine, and I installed all the necessary drivers and etc to make windows work.
Now instead of using a slow/small laptop drive inside the new PC, I'd like to be able to clone the data on laptop disk and this onto one of the bigger/faster internal drives of the new PC. How can I do this from ubuntu, so that the new drive will boot windows?
I'm fairly certain it can be done using dd, but how do I make sure the information in the boot sector (or partition table) is correct for the new drive? I'm asking this because when I put my laptop drive into the new PC initially, I had connected it as an external drive, and when I tried booting from this there was an error, something like "Invalid partition table" (I think). I figured that when I did a "system restore" on my laptop, the drive was the only drive available, so this would be HDA, or SDA in the boot record of that disk. But when I added it to a system where other drives were available, it was no longer at that same location, so the boot loader couldn't find the data it was looking for to load the system.