General :: How Does Du Determine Which Hard Link To Disregard

Nov 16, 2010

We have two directories:

$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 nimmy nimmy 4096 Nov 15 19:42 jeter
drwxr-x--- 2 nimmy nimmy 4096 Nov 15 19:42 mariano

I create one file in the first folder:

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=jeter/zero_file.1 bs=512000 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512000 bytes (512 kB) copied, 0.268523 s, 1.9 MB/s

This is the output of du:

$ du -sh *
504K jeter
4.0K mariano

As expected, if I place a hard link of the zero_file. in the other folder du output does not change:

$ ln jeter/zero_file.1 mariano/zero_file.2
$ du -sh *
504K jeter
4.0K mariano

there is nothing in the filesystem that points to zero_file.1 as the original file. So how does du know to count zero_file.1 but not zero_file.2?It cannot be a timestamp comparison because all hard links share one inode; they'll have the same timestamp data correct?

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General :: Difference Between A Hard Link And Symbolic Link?

Jun 20, 2011

I have searched around and am trying to understand the difference between a hard link and symbolic link (soft link). I found this link is quite useful. But I am still not very clear. I understand soft link is not a copy of original file, but is a hard link a copy or not?

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Programming :: Link Directories - Symlink Not Updated / Hard Link Not Supported?

Sep 6, 2010

In the ordering of files I keep I need links to directories. Sometimes I even need to move directories to new locations. I have tried using symlinks, but they become dead when I move the directory they point to. I have tried hard links, but I haven't found any Linux file system that would support hard linked directories. How can I achieve that a complex structure of directories (currently with symlinks for directories and hard links for files) keep symlinks live when directories are moved?

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- is there any good Linux interface to the new NTFS (the only file system I know to support automatically updating directory links, called directory junctions)?

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Sep 8, 2010

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General :: When Would Creating A Hard Link Be Useful

May 25, 2011

There are basically two main limitations with hard links:

Hard links normally require that the link and the file reside in the same file system. Only the superuser can create a hard link to a directory.

Thus, symbolic links were introduced to get around the limitations of hard links. So, the question is, are hard links still needed? Might there be situation where they are more useful?

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General :: Creating Hard Link To Directory?

Jul 3, 2009

I have heard that creating hard link to a directory is not possible however when reading the man page of "ln" the "-d/-f" option says hard link directories ( super-user only). Thus this mean the super user i.e root can create hard link to directory and not a normal user , If yes then you . Even on specifying the above options I get a operation not permitted for a super user.

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General :: Creating A Hard Link Using Ln Creates A Copy Of File?

Mar 11, 2010

I am trying to use ln to create a hard link to file a and whenever I do it, it creates a copy of the file instead. After having edited file a, when opening the link, it shows the old information and opening file a shows the new information. The command I am using is

Code:

ln /home/user/file

within the new directory i am trying to link from. I am using centos 5.4.

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General :: Rsync --link-dest Not Creating Hard Links On External Usb Drive?

Aug 24, 2009

CentOS 5.2 64bit 2.6.18-92.el5xen. Use rsync with --link-dest for nightly backups, works well. Was recently asked to start weekly backups to an external drive for off-site storage. The regular syncing works but hard linking seems to be ignored. So the backup is long with no space saving advantage. Here is an example of the command being run:

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Software :: Determine USB Hard Drive Capacity In Sectors?

Mar 24, 2011

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Jan 1, 2011

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Ubuntu :: Command To Determine Memory Usage On Hard Drive?

Jan 8, 2010

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Jun 8, 2010

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Hardware :: New WD Hard Drive ATA Link Errors

Jul 10, 2011

I just bought a new hard drive for my lenovo ThinkPad R60e. It is the following model:

Code:
# hdparm -I
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: WDC WD5000BUDT-63G8FY0
Firmware Revision: 01.01A01

[Code].....

After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

It is regardless which kernel version I use (latest ARCH Linux 2.6.39 or 2.6.23 from a grml live system), the error is persistent everywhere.

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Ubuntu :: Hard Links In Tar.gz When Both Link And Target Are In The Archive?

Jun 28, 2010

I am copying my home folder from my old computer (Ubuntu 9.10) to my new one (Ubuntu 10.04)

I thought that I would make a tar archive of my home directory (~60GB), then copy it across the network and untar it in my new home folder.

The problem is that I have several hard links (30 at most). When I try and untar the tar in my new computer it runs into errors with the hard links.

I think the problem is that it has unzipped the hard link before it's target and detected an error.

One solution is to add --hard-dereference to the tar command , this will create a separate copy of each hard link. but I would really like an exact copy of my home folder on my new computer.

Does anyone have any ideas? Either copying my home directory, or how to make tar handle hard links sensibly?

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Apr 13, 2010

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Jan 20, 2010

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OpenSUSE :: Symbolic Link Not Allowed Or Link Target Not Accessible: /srv/www/htdocs?

Apr 28, 2010

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Apr 20, 2011

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What I've tried:

Start top
Press f (add column)
Press p (SWAP colum)

This adds a SWAP column, but the data doesn't seem to be correct. Top lists Firefox as using 582m of swap, but the header simultaneously reports that 0k of swap is being used.

Is there a better way to monitor swap usage?

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How does your Fedora get an IP number? What IP numbers has your Fedora been assigned since it was installed (based on the logs you have)? What command did you run to determine the IP numbers? What command would you run to determine the number of times a user successfully used "su"? What command would you run to determine the number of times a user unsuccessfully used "su"? Having some issues with the file system as your Fedora boots up.

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Jun 25, 2010

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Ubuntu Networking :: Mount To Vista Needed For Apache - Symbolic Link Not Allowed Or Link Target Not Accessible

Apr 26, 2010

I have a problem where I'm using Ubuntu linux to mount a Windows Vista machine's USB drive and access it on the web using Apache. I did have the USB drive plugged into the Linux machine directly and that was working via the web. FollowSymLinks is on in httpd.conf

[Code]....

The mount works and I can see the files (see above) from my regular linux user account. If I make a test file in /mnt and soft link to that, I can see it on the web. So it's just the mount to the vista machine that seems to be a problem. It's supposed to be a simple read-only mount and the apache login should (I think) be able to see the same generic root access permissions.

log from apache: [Mon Apr 26 20:39:42 2010] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] Symbolic link not allowed or link target not accessible: /home/user1/pub_html/Music, referer: https://xx.xx.xx/~user1/music.html

The credentials have a login and password that matches a special read-only account on Vista. I can see the files on the system from Linux, but not via the web. As mentioned above, a different link to the same /mnt area works fine via the web. I've tried several different mount options with no success.

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Nov 13, 2009

We have quota system in home directory and there is binary aquota.user file.

How do i determine how much quota is assigned to a user?

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Mar 14, 2010

How do I, in Ubuntu, determine what the formatting (e.g FAT etc.) of an SD card is?

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Mar 23, 2010

How would I find out all the files a particular process accesses?

I am using Ubuntu 9.04.

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General :: CentOS - Determine IP For Network Device

Sep 20, 2010

When CentOS boots up, it tries to determine the IP for a network device (eth0) and fails.
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Feb 11, 2011

Let's say I have a bash script called log.sh. In this script, I want to read in input from a pipe, but I also want to know the command used to pipe input into me. Example:

tail -f /var/log/httpd/error | log.sh

In the shell script, I want to know the command tail -f /var/log/httpd/error.

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General :: Determine Socket From /proc/cpuinfo?

Jan 13, 2010

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processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15

[Code]...

I've looked on the Intel processor finder web site with appropriate filters, but the stepping values do not appear to match anything.

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