General :: How Does Du Determine Which Hard Link To Disregard
Nov 16, 2010
We have two directories:
$ ls -l
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 nimmy nimmy 4096 Nov 15 19:42 jeter
drwxr-x--- 2 nimmy nimmy 4096 Nov 15 19:42 mariano
I create one file in the first folder:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=jeter/zero_file.1 bs=512000 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512000 bytes (512 kB) copied, 0.268523 s, 1.9 MB/s
This is the output of du:
$ du -sh *
504K jeter
4.0K mariano
As expected, if I place a hard link of the zero_file. in the other folder du output does not change:
$ ln jeter/zero_file.1 mariano/zero_file.2
$ du -sh *
504K jeter
4.0K mariano
there is nothing in the filesystem that points to zero_file.1 as the original file. So how does du know to count zero_file.1 but not zero_file.2?It cannot be a timestamp comparison because all hard links share one inode; they'll have the same timestamp data correct?
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Jun 20, 2011
I have searched around and am trying to understand the difference between a hard link and symbolic link (soft link). I found this link is quite useful. But I am still not very clear. I understand soft link is not a copy of original file, but is a hard link a copy or not?
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Sep 6, 2010
In the ordering of files I keep I need links to directories. Sometimes I even need to move directories to new locations. I have tried using symlinks, but they become dead when I move the directory they point to. I have tried hard links, but I haven't found any Linux file system that would support hard linked directories. How can I achieve that a complex structure of directories (currently with symlinks for directories and hard links for files) keep symlinks live when directories are moved?
- is there any utility that updates symlinks when a directory is moved?
- is there any Linux filesystem that supports hard linked directories?
- is there any good Linux interface to the new NTFS (the only file system I know to support automatically updating directory links, called directory junctions)?
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Sep 8, 2010
how can we create soft link and hard link in RHEL5 when am using in command it is giving format error
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May 25, 2011
There are basically two main limitations with hard links:
Hard links normally require that the link and the file reside in the same file system. Only the superuser can create a hard link to a directory.
Thus, symbolic links were introduced to get around the limitations of hard links. So, the question is, are hard links still needed? Might there be situation where they are more useful?
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Jul 3, 2009
I have heard that creating hard link to a directory is not possible however when reading the man page of "ln" the "-d/-f" option says hard link directories ( super-user only). Thus this mean the super user i.e root can create hard link to directory and not a normal user , If yes then you . Even on specifying the above options I get a operation not permitted for a super user.
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Mar 11, 2010
I am trying to use ln to create a hard link to file a and whenever I do it, it creates a copy of the file instead. After having edited file a, when opening the link, it shows the old information and opening file a shows the new information. The command I am using is
Code:
ln /home/user/file
within the new directory i am trying to link from. I am using centos 5.4.
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Aug 24, 2009
CentOS 5.2 64bit 2.6.18-92.el5xen. Use rsync with --link-dest for nightly backups, works well. Was recently asked to start weekly backups to an external drive for off-site storage. The regular syncing works but hard linking seems to be ignored. So the backup is long with no space saving advantage. Here is an example of the command being run:
rsync --stats -axzvl --numeric-ids --delete --link-dest=/mnt/DISASTERBACKUPS/austinBackups/backups/2009-08-21 /AUSTINBACKUPS/backups/2009-08-24 /mnt/DISASTERBACKUPS/austinBackups/backups/
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Mar 24, 2011
How would one determine the capacity in sectors or LBAs of a USB Hard Drive? If I know the USB device number, like from 'lsusb', is there someplace on the system to get other information about the drive? What I want to do is have a program go out and get this information just for the number of LBAs on the drive itself. Partition info doesn't matter for what I am doing.
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Jan 1, 2011
I am using LVM2 and have shrinked my /home partition and extended my / partition but I'm not sure if I used all the free space when growing my / partition. How can I find out? I prefer using the terminal if there is a graphical way to do this but I would like to know both ways if there are two ways.
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Jan 8, 2010
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Jun 8, 2010
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Jul 10, 2011
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Code:
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ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: WDC WD5000BUDT-63G8FY0
Firmware Revision: 01.01A01
[Code].....
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
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Jun 28, 2010
I am copying my home folder from my old computer (Ubuntu 9.10) to my new one (Ubuntu 10.04)
I thought that I would make a tar archive of my home directory (~60GB), then copy it across the network and untar it in my new home folder.
The problem is that I have several hard links (30 at most). When I try and untar the tar in my new computer it runs into errors with the hard links.
I think the problem is that it has unzipped the hard link before it's target and detected an error.
One solution is to add --hard-dereference to the tar command , this will create a separate copy of each hard link. but I would really like an exact copy of my home folder on my new computer.
Does anyone have any ideas? Either copying my home directory, or how to make tar handle hard links sensibly?
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Apr 13, 2010
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Jan 20, 2010
I have cloned my linux OS onto a new hdd. Now even tho the system will boot, it directs me to the login screen and asks me to fix the location of the root dir because it is looking for /dev/disk/by-id with a very long serial #. I presume this is the old hdd serial #. How can I determine the serial # of the new hdd and change it in fstab? Is this the correct idea? Is it just......ls /dev/disk/by-id???
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Apr 28, 2010
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Apr 20, 2011
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Jul 2, 2011
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Apr 20, 2011
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Apr 26, 2010
I have a problem where I'm using Ubuntu linux to mount a Windows Vista machine's USB drive and access it on the web using Apache. I did have the USB drive plugged into the Linux machine directly and that was working via the web. FollowSymLinks is on in httpd.conf
[Code]....
The mount works and I can see the files (see above) from my regular linux user account. If I make a test file in /mnt and soft link to that, I can see it on the web. So it's just the mount to the vista machine that seems to be a problem. It's supposed to be a simple read-only mount and the apache login should (I think) be able to see the same generic root access permissions.
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Nov 13, 2009
We have quota system in home directory and there is binary aquota.user file.
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Mar 14, 2010
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Mar 23, 2010
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Finding the process that is using a certain port in linux
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When CentOS boots up, it tries to determine the IP for a network device (eth0) and fails.
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Feb 11, 2011
Let's say I have a bash script called log.sh. In this script, I want to read in input from a pipe, but I also want to know the command used to pipe input into me. Example:
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Jan 13, 2010
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vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 15
[Code]...
I've looked on the Intel processor finder web site with appropriate filters, but the stepping values do not appear to match anything.
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