I boot up a Linux appliance entirely in RAM, ie. the image has a Linux kernel and an attached ext2 root filesystem.
Now that it's working, I would like to copy the root filesystem from RAM to a NAND flash memory.
Can I just mount the NAND, run "cp -a /* /mnt/nand", reboot with the kernel command line "root=/dev/mtdblock2 rw", and expect Linux to be happy... or is it more involved than this?
My linux distro is CentOS 5.3. Today I edited /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root and set "READONLY" to yes, now my /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root file is like this:
# Set to 'yes' to mount the system filesystems read-only.
READONLY=yes
# Set to 'yes' to mount various temporary state as either tmpfs
[code]...
I have a USB flash drive, which is bootable and I would like to copy the whole drive to a different drive.Can I just do a low level dd copy between both USB memory drives, or do I need to make an ISO of the source, and then put that ISO on the destination? I figured I could ask in less time than trying, and exhaustively testing to make sure I had it right...
View 2 Replies View RelatedI am getting a SSD and I'd like it to become my new Linux boot drive. However, it is smaller than my current hard drive's root Linux partition, so I'd like to copy over the filesystem and exclude some directories (which I'll leave on another hard drive). So I can't just clone the partition with parted or similar because it is too big.
I want to make sure all the data, metadata, links and such are preserved. That seems to exclude "cp" because it doesn't preserve all the metadata and link information.
The two basic techniques I've been able to identify seem to be something like:
find / -xdev -print0 | cpio -pa0V /mnt/dst
and:
rsync -avP -H -S --numeric-ids / /mnt/dst
Can anyone chime in with what they've used in the past, whether one of these or a different method, or if they see any flaws in these approaches.
I have a copy of Linux file system in /home/user/desktop/fs/how tp copy it to a usb drive preserving the links
View 2 Replies View RelatedWhen I try to boot to OpenSUSE I get the following error during boot-up: unknown filesystem type 'reiserfs' could not mount root filesystem - exiting to /bin/sh$
This only started happening quite recently - before this I could boot to Linux quite happily.
I am going to be involved with a massive filesystem copy from a local to a remote server in the next couple of weeks. There are ten filesystems in involved in this process. All, except one, are one hundred gigabytes in size, with the remaining one at twenty gigabytes.The cp command with the -pr options will be used to copy the directories to their new location. A speed test, involving ten directories, was done to determine the average amount of time it would take to complete the process. The ten directories used in this test ranged in size from 2.3 gigabytes to 4.3 gigabytes. The results indicated the average amount time to complete the copy was around one minute and thirty seconds.
The question I have is the following: Is it better to interactively go to each filesystem and run the cp -pr command there, or should I write a script that will automatically go to each filesystem and run the copy?
I would like to install linux (ubuntu) on a Flash disk with NTFS partition and boot from flash disk, is it possible? Yf yes how could i install ?
View 3 Replies View RelatedI am using GRUB bootloader. I can boot into windows fine. But booting into linux gives me the error "kernel panic: unable to mount root fs on unknown block(0,0)I got LILO to load linux fine but GRUB always gives me this error regardless of the linux OS for this particular computer.
View 11 Replies View RelatedSuppose I have a good backup of the / root filesystem. How do I recover the / root area? Suppose I have modified the root filesystem, perhaps I do an update some of the packages and regret it, and I want to get back to the system at the time of the backup. How do most linux people recover the root area of a system from a backup?
1) I wondered if I might put a System Rescue CD in and boot off it?
2) And then NFS mount the directory containing the backup? -In my case, I have made a good backup using rsync, to a directory elsewhere on the network.
3) And then, still booted off the System Rescue CD, mount the partition that contains the / root area in question?
4) Would I then clear or empty or delete the contents from the / root partition?
5) And then copy across all the files from the backup into the / root partition?
I ask these questions because of the (very nice) way linux OS is built entirely from packages... Am I being too complicated? (By comparison, I can see it is easy to recover user data.)If, instead, I simply recovered the backup straight onto the updated root filesystem, I wonder what it would look like if I then tried to verify it with "rpm -Va", for example? Surely, all the packages would fail the verification, because it would think it has a later version of each package from the update, but the actual files would have been overwritten by the earlier version from the backup?
When i installed ubuntu. I made a seperate partition so that i could copy an ISO image onto it of an up-to-date version of ubuntu. I wanted to then boot the ISO up so i could install the new version that way. I've already tried doing it through the update manager but it'll download, almost be done with installing and it freezes on me. so i figured this would be easier. However i do not know how to gain access to the other partition to copy the ISO image. Please help.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI have just tried to update my kernel from 2.6.24.5 to 2.6.39-rc3 on a Slackware 12.1 distribution. I have successfully updated the kernel before, but it was from a newer distribution and newer kernel(Slackware 13.1 and 2.6.33.4). After I updated and rebooted, I got the following error:
Code:
List of all partitions:
0300 4194302 hda driver: ide-cdrom
0800 312571224 sda driver: sd
0801 244197560 sda1 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000sda1
0802 68372640 sda2 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000sda2
No filesystem could mount root, tried: romfs
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (8,1)
Pid: 1, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.39-rc3-smp #1 .....
I'm trying to boot Emdebian Grip 1.0 built on Compact Flash on a mini PC with grub2 as bootloader. Unfortunately , the booting is unsuccessful and I got stuck into an error message :Code:No filesystem could mount root , tried : minix msdos iso9660kernel panic - not syncing : VFS : Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (22,1)It seems grub2 hasn't tried to mount ext2 as the filesystem and my Compact flash is formatted as ext2. Here is the menuentry of the grub.cfg :
Code:
menuentry "Debian GNU/Linux, linux 2.66.2.9-custom" {
insmod ext2
[code]...
how can I copy a file into the root. I am new to linux and using fedora 13. I have to install jdk on the linux.
View 6 Replies View RelatedI have a bootable Linux compact flash card and want to copy it to an SD card. What would be the easiest way to do this?
View 2 Replies View Relatedcopy a compact flash card with a form of Linux on it (Found out it was custom version based on Fedora Core 3). The flaky USB card reader seems to have hosed the flash card, it shows up with unknown volume after ejecting the card and reinserting it. My troubleshooting: I have Ubuntu on a flash drive that I used to start all this to read the flash card.
- I tried Disk Utility to reformat the card as Master Boot Record and the volume as ext3 with flag set to Bootable and copied the files using cp in command line.
- I tried ISO Master & mkisofs to make an ISO that the USB thumb drive tools can use, but it wouldn't copy all the files. Looks like symbolic links either were ignored or couldn't find the source file with -f.
- I learned that I might need a boot partition with a boot image, which I think I have in initrd-2.6.14.7img, but I don't know how to do that. Do I also need a swap partition?
My updated goal: using the files from the flash card, make a bootable compact flash card with Fedora Core 3.
I am attempting to make a backup copy of a file, but every time I try to copy the file, I get a "permission denied error -- even when running as root. The file is on a volume mounted as /media/Data . No problems reading/writing other files on the volume.
Here is the info on the file:
-rw-------. 1 root MailServer.img
I've tried chown but get the permission denied as well. This is a virtual machine image that runs fine, but even with the VM completely shut down, I get the same error.
Using redhat linux el5, when I had booted I had pbm repairing filesystem. So I run following commands
1. fsck -l
2. fsck
But I cannot solve the pbm. My pbm is I had important folder "backup" in root folder just I want to copy it in pendrive how to do it.
I am trying to replace an old, smaller, and dying laptop hard drive with a newer one, using a USB external drive. I first tried cloning disk to disk with Clonezilla, but it failed after cloning my root, swap, and /home directories it froze when it tried to reinstall grub. After 2x trying, I switched to dd, which I have never really used (I am fairly new to Linux in general). The actual command I used was:
Quote:
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4096 conv=notrunc,noerror
All seemed ok and after approximately 2 hours my 80GB drive had been cloned onto my new 250GB, with dd giving what appeared to be a satisfactory closure summary. I tried to mount and access the drive from my external USB enclosure but could not view it, though the data is there, I believe, as the size and bytes show... The error that Dolphin is giving me is:
Quote:
error - wrong fstype, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1 Missing codepage or helper program or other error. When I installed the new drive directly into my laptop, it begins to boot (Sabayon 5.4, 2.6.35 kernel) but almost immediately I get (handwritten down, but this is close):
Quote:
detected real_root
mounting /dev/sda1 on /newroot failed: input/output error
!! Could not mount specified ROOT, try again
!! Could not find the root block device in .
[code]....
I am assuming that my issue has something to do with grub, and maybe specific UUIDs that don't match (?) but I'm not really certain. I have both Grub Legacy 0.9x and the newer Grub 2 installed (Sabayon is already moving over) but I still boot with Legacy, not with the new 2, as I don't know how to switch, and am not sure if I should yet. I thought that dd copied bit for bit, and I added the noerrorï just to try to get it all transferred, so I don't know what went wrong exactly, though something seems wrong with grub and the bootloader, I guess...
I need to make my root partition bigger to add more free space. Is there a Linux version that will fit on a small usb flash drive that has the tools I need? I plan to boot a Linux distro from a flash drive in order to resize the partition.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI took some videos off a usb flash drive, then went and selected " safely remove usb" and the light continued to blink on the flashdrive, I pulled it out any way, and the root folder turned red... everything seems ok, but how do you know when it's ok to safely remove a usb devise ?
View 3 Replies View RelatedI tried to follow directions to install flash player (or any other application for that matter) and could not log in as or use the password command to changehe root password. his is a fresh install of linspire (freespire) so i wouldn't know of anyone else's password existing. So, say you can give me a quick solution...afterward, how do i install flash if the file exists as /home/jevans/easyiso/flashplayer.tar.gz ??
View 1 Replies View RelatedWhen i type the df command i see that /dev/hda1 as a filesytem that is mounted at '/'(root). Is /dev/hda1 a filesystem. I thought that it is a partition on my hard disk that contains the root file system.
View 6 Replies View RelatedI have my / partition on an SSD that I formatted in ext3 but I now realise that, in order to use TRIM, I need to be ext4. Can I use Partimage to make and image of the partition, format it (using GParted) and then restore the image? Basically, do Partimage files survive a filesystem change?
View 1 Replies View RelatedWhenever i copy ELF or BIN files from the filesystem of linux i must get permission denied. For this case i have gone through the linux security module but didn't get much help regarding the permission denied only in case of copy of ELF and BIN files from filesystem. how can i proceed in this. WORK DONE:
1. Downloaded linux-2.6.25.14
WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE:
1. compile the kernel with some modifications in linux security module to get the desired results but this time i am unaware of that.
I've been looking on the internet on what filesystem is best suited for flash memories like USB keys, mmc, SD cards and the likes, but I'm not feeling quite satisfied with the answers I got.There are two use cases I'm dealing with:1) I have an SD card that I want to use for storing some data I'm working on. I need to preserve file permissions, and I need to maximize seek and read speed, but the filesystem is accessed for writes quite often too.2) I want to install a linux distribution on a USB keyNow, I've been reading around that said memories are block devices, and that I should stick to regular filesystems. I went for ext2 for the first case, but I experienced data loss on a brand new PNY SD card, which is unacceptable.
Also, I suspect ext2 is striving for writing files consecutively or in some other harddisk-optimized way, which looks like a complete waste to me.In addition, other filesystems would flood the memory with journal crap.I looked into JFFS2, UBIFS, LogFS and here's what I came up with (some statements are contraddictory):- journaling might shorten the memory's life, and it will definitely slow things down- wear leveling is always hardware-implemented, and a software wear leveling could cancel out with the hardware's effort- hardware wear leveling has often a cheap implementation, and a better software wear leveling is desirable- JFFS2 doesn't store any index on the device; this comes at the cost of a slow mount but the flash memory is accessed less often- LogFS should work well on memories up to 64mb- MTD-oriented filesystems can be used on block devices- ext3 = ext2 + journaling- ext3 is not just ext2 with journalingSo, is there anyone who can add someclarification to all this? Should I go ext2 everywhere, or ext4, or should I try one of those MTD filesystems? If so which one? What's the risk/drawback of each solution?
I am trying to mount a file image, like this
mount -o loop /tmp/apps.img /media/apps
But I get the following:
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
I try ext3:
mount -o loop /tmp/apps.img /media/apps -t ext3
dmesg says:
error: can't find ext3 filesystem on dev loop6.
I've also tried ext2, vfat etc. How can I detect the filesystem type of apps.img?
I am trying to build a root file system for using it with the user mode linux on a fc 11 system.
View 5 Replies View RelatedI have a custom Ubuntu distro that run both from a CD and PXE boot. The problem I have is that I need to boot in an environment that has to be routed through a router that can't forward NFS (the protocol doesn't use a standard port) I found that the Ubuntu based Clonezilla Live CD has a option like "fetch tftp://server/folder/filesystem.squashfs" I can borrow the kernel and initrd and it works, but how do I add this feature myself? Is there a package I need to install or a initrd option I need to add?
View 1 Replies View RelatedLately however my root filesystem is getting filled up every night-- I come in in the morning and have notices that I have 0 bytes remaining. There's tons of room on the disk, but the root is full. Here's what it looks like with a df -h:
[Code]....
