i am using linux for couple of years. suddenly i a question arises in my mind. Before loading kernel during booting linux box initrd image loads necessary real mount point, file system, modules etc. but how initrd loads them ?? is there predefined modules list stored in initrd image or something else....what is the background procedure of it
View 1 RepliesWhen we boot the kernel before loding the main file system it loads the temp file system through initrd how that initrd image works.
View 1 Replies View RelatedWhen I compile a custom kernel with this command: make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image kernel_headers and then install the .deb, there's no initrd in /boot and I have to create it manually. I've thought that the --initrd option should take care about this, but somehow it doesn't.
It behaves like this for about two years at least (since I've compiled my first kernel). Of course, it's no big deal to create it manually, I was just wondering whether do I do anything wrong or whether should I fill a bug report..
i am using rhel5 and i just wanted to see the contents of the initrd image. I have copied that from /boot/grub and saved in /tmp directory. Then i did the following
#mv initrd-2.6.18-53.el5.img initrd-2.6.18-53.el5.img.gz
#gunzip initrd-2.6.18-53.el5.img.gz
#mount -o loop initrd-2.6.18-53.el5.img /mnt
when i gave that, it says "mount: you must specify the filesystem type" Then i included "-t ext2" option in the mount command. Now it says,
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0,
missing codepage or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so
Then i created a ext2 filesystem and did the same thing. But there is no difference.
i need to create new initrd image in sles10.2
View 1 Replies View Relatedhow to create an initrd image using cpio, instead of mkfs?
Now im doing it like this:
Code:
dd if=/dev/zero of=initrd bs=1024 count=10000
mkfs -t ext2 -F -m 0 -b 1024 -i 1024 initrd
But i would like to move to cpio, because with dd, if you add something new, you might need to change the count. Also cpio is used in distro's like Fedora and Ubuntu.
Im trying to build an initrd image for my livecd using cpio -o -H newc, but the livecd can't boot. If I create the initrd image using mkfs.ext2 then it works.
View 2 Replies View RelatedI am attempting to run ssmtp from an initrd image to send an e-mail, via Gmail MTA, upon reboot of the machine. I have already successfully installed and configured ssmtp on the running box (in other words, ssmtp successfully runs after completion of the boot cycle). When attempting to mail something via `echo "Test" | ssmtp username@gmail.com`, I receive the following error message:
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I install fedora on my usb-hdd. Sometimes i boot it from real machine, sometimes i boot from virtual machine (kvm). When I boot from real machine, hdd driver is usb-storage, when i boot from virtual machine hdd drivers are ata_generic and pata_acpi.
Everytime i update kernel, mkinitrd only create initrd image contains only hdd driver current running, and I must recreate initrd manual with all preload hdd driver. How to config fedora to everytime update kernel, mkinitrd can make initrd image with all hdd driver I need?
I have installed "open-SUSE 11.4" on a "500GB Free Agent External Hard Drive". I didn't have any problem in booting since last week that I booted it from my laptop. Also I did it before several times from then when I try to boot it e.g. from an "Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Quad CPU Q9400 @ 2.66GHz" PC the time between loading INITRD and starting boot sequence messages lasts nearly 30 minutes!(i didn't actually measure it but it take a long time in the same order). after starting boot sequence which is showed on monitor everything looks normal. e.g copy of files would be done by speeds between 2MB/s to 30 MB/s depending on the targets.I used to use the external hard derive to boot from different laptops and PC's from start but I didn't have such a problem anytime.
View 1 Replies View RelatedI'd tried to run HDD bench mark at my Debian Stable called iozone3. It performed I/O actions which took too long. Ctrl+C to terminate process. Everything went as always. It just terminated. Upon completion of program I used laptop for some more time. During shutting down X-Desktop shut down normally. Terminal window was showing command line with lines <Stopping this and that daemon...> but instead of normal black colour background with white text it changed into red background with white text. What does it mean? Is it safe to restart laptop?
View 2 Replies View RelatedJust wonder is it possible to install non .deb package through the standard procedure of make config etc in Debian, or better not even attempt it.I need to use several engineering, mathematics packages, Matlab, Maple and Ansys,I have been told to use Fedora, but I would prefer to use Debian, as all my computers run on Debian and its stability etc is well known, not to mention the nice people in the forum, Bugs, Evil etc, well known icons.
View 6 Replies View RelatedWith Ubuntu i used some software which only had an installation procedure or a package for ubuntu. Program's such as Ailerus or Usenet Resource Downloader. What i would like to is this: Since Ubuntu is Debian-based, is it possible that software, intended for Ubuntu, can also be installed under Debian? Or is there a slight difference in structure between debian and ubuntu that makes it almost impossible to add software, intended for Ubuntu, under Debian?
View 14 Replies View RelatedI tried compiling linux kernel 2.6.37-rc2 (mainline), Compilation and installation of kernel and modules went fine. After that while trying to make initrd image, I used the following command :-
mohitdhingras@mohitdhingras-laptop:~$ sudo mkinitramfs -o initrd.img-2.6.37-rc2 2.6.37-rc2
It is showing warnings like :-
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/2.6.37-rc2/radeon/RV610_me.bin for module radeon
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/2.6.37-rc2/radeon/RV610_pfp.bin for module radeon
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/2.6.37-rc2/radeon/R600_me.bin for module radeon
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/2.6.37-rc2/radeon/R600_pfp.bin for module radeon
Actually, "2.6.37-rc2" folder is missing in "firmware".
Which is the correct procedure to install a new kernel into a machine which is running a old kernel in DEBIAN ?
View 2 Replies View RelatedI have an encrypted root and encrypted boot drive... To avoid entering a passphrase multiple times I'd like to add a keyfile for my root drive to my initrd... I've done this in Arch and it was relatively simple but I've hit a road block in debian finding the analog processes...
Code: Select all#Part 1) Generate the keyfile, give it suitable permissions and add it as a LUKS key:
dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/urandom of=/crypto_keyfile.bin
chmod 000 /crypto_keyfile.bin
chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/sdX# /crypto_keyfile.bin
[Code] ....
Code: Select allupdate-initramfs -v -k -u all
What is the analog to Part 2 (and Part 3 if I'm wrong about how to regenerate the initramfs...)??
I am using NetworkManager Applet in Gnome to connect to the internet with a 3G modem. After last update few days back it changed the way it was recognizing the modem. I used to click on the NetworkManager Applet icon on the notification area and choose my configured mobile connection from the list. Because, as I said, I am using mobile broadband connection and I have to check via SMS my usage in order not to overcome the GB I am supposed to use (to avoid overpriced charge). In order to use Wammu to send/receive SMS I have to close the internet connection by right clicking on the NetworkManager Applet and uncheck "Enable Mobile Broadband" otherwise Wammu can't use the usb dongle because it's locked by the internet connection. Up to this point all is working exactly the same. Except when I uncheck the "Enable Mobile Broadband" the NetworkManager Applet disappears and I can only get it back with a reboot. Also I tried clicking on the applet and choosing "Disconnect" from the menu. The applet stays there but there are no more options for mobile connection. Only wired connections and VPN (whatever that is). In this case if I disconnect and reconnect the usb dongle it recognise it again. So my question is: Is there a way to make NetworkManager Applet to always stay aware of the usb modem without disconnecting or rebooting? Or at least is there a command that can search for new usb hardware without the described procedure?
View 6 Replies View RelatedI have encountered a bug in the live-build in Debian Live. The persistence does not work it is because of the bug #767195. I cannot recreate another live img file because of bandwidth problem, is there any way to repack the initrd and enable the cryptsetup?
as per suggested:
#767195 – cryptsetup needs to be enabled for initramfs inclusion – Debian Bug report logs
On Wed, Oct 29, 2014 @ 18:09, Evgeni Golov <evgeni@grml.org> wrote:
....
Edit: Line 77 -79 @
# nano /usr/lib/live/build/chroot_hacks
[Code] ....
When I installed Debian stable on a headless machine of mine, I configured a partition with LUKS encryption (intended for swap), but told the installer not to use it. After installation, I configured that encrypted partition as swap and mounted it. I wanted my headless machine to boot all the way without manual intervention, so I can log in via ssh and mount my encrypted partitions.However, since the kernel was updated (and the initrd regenerated), the machine now waits during boot for me to enter the swap encryption password, but no others, only the swap.I have been unable to find in my searchings how the initrd is generated with that setting or how I can change it, preferably permanently so future regenerated initrd's don't try activating my encrypted swap on boot. Does anyone know how to configure a Debian style initrd generator to generate an initrd that will not try to activate swap?
View 9 Replies View RelatedSo I'm building a custom kernel cuz I want the fbcondecor patch in my kernel. I use the same .config that 2.6.32 debian kernel package comes with. This kernel runs perfectly. I pass --initrd to make-kpkg when building the package but no initrd is built when I install it so I have to make it using "mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.33 2.6.33" to get it to boot. Now when I try to build the nvidia drivers it complains it can't find the source. I did build kernel_headers and installed them also the source is in /usr/src/linux. I also tried to specify the path by passing --kernel-source-path= to the nvidia script but no change. What is going on? I've done this fifty times before and never had any problems. Has there been some changes to how debian kernel packages are built? EDIT: Just thought I'd add some info about the steps I took.
Code:
tar xjvf linux-2.6.33.tar.bz2
ln -s linux-2.6.33 linux
cd linux
patch -p1 < ../fbcondecor-0.9.6-2.6.33-rc7.patch
cp /boot/config-2.6.32-trunk-686 ./.config
make menuconfig Loaded .config then I removed support for maxtorfb, tile blitting and some sirrusfb thing, nothing thats relevant to my system. Changed cpu from Pentium 4 to Core 2 and added framebuffer decor
support from my patch, exited and saved. Then:
[Code]....
EDIT2: I have now tried to build 2.6.32.8 in the same way with the same strange results, anyone have any thoughts as to what I'm doing wrong just throw it at me, I'm getting desperate and running out of ideas. I've checked all the kernel source symlinks and everything looks good.
I'm running Debian testing and after a recent software update, suddenly I can no longer boot into my single Linux kernel image anymore. I did look at the software update before I did it and I don't believe that it removed any software packages. When I try to boot into my linux 2.6.26-1-amd64 image, I get the following message from grub:"error: unknown command `initrd'"..The same error appears if I try to boot into single-user mode. I have a Windows XP partition on the same hard disk and I am still able to boot into that from grub. I've searched the net and haven't really found my same problem replicated anywhere. I would imagine that the problem is just that somehow the initrd package got removed in my last software update, but again I don't recall seeing any software that the update planned to remove.
Any thoughts on how I would go about fixing this problem? Since I'm unable to get into Linux at all, I imagine I'll have to use a LiveCD to get in and fix the problem, but I don't know where to begin looking.
I have a Canon iR3570/iR4570 PXL, and installed the driver CQue 1.0 TCP/IP Queue from Canon webpage.
The problem:
- if i try to print an OpenOffice or LibreOffice Calc with an image and text, the image is not printed (the space is blank).
- if i try to print an OpenOffice or LibreOffice Calc with just an image, it's printed great.
- if i try to print an OpenOffice or LibreOffice Impress, the images are not printed but the text is printed great.
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I have installed vmlinuz and initrd.gz (squeeze) in /boot/newinstallation and added to Grub the lines:titleNova Instalaçãoroot(hd0,0)kernel/boot/newinstall/vmlinuzinitrd/newinstall/initrd.gzNevertheless, when I choose this option at the grub, it begins to start the kernel vmlinuz and thus restart the system. The installed Debian Lenny boots in a normal way.
View 10 Replies View RelatedWTF why is it with every update the devs try to break something. Might as well be using Ubuntu at this point and No I do not want to install Stable. Todays updqate would bring in linux-image-2.6.39-1-686-pae linux-image-686-pae, but my CPU Single core Intel Pentium M (-UP-) cache 1024 KB flags (sse sse2) bmips 1196.07 clocked at 600.00 MHz doesn't use PAE so it told me to remove linux-image-686 and to install linux-image-486. So more shiny crap that doesn't support older hardware, it is getting to be as bad as Microsoft.
Why don't I just go upgrade or buy new hardware with every new shiny crap that wants to upgrade. If it isn't broken do NOT fsck with it.
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I am trying to upload some pics on my Facebook account using Firefox. When I click on Facebook's file upload icon, Firefox bring up a 'File Upload' window. I noticed that smaller image file is previewed on the lower right hand corner, while bigger image file is not. Is there anyway I can change this behavior or maybe change what Firefox is using to browse my files?
View 2 Replies View RelatedI want to install Debian 5.06 64 bit on squeeze repo. Where can I find its netinstall ISO?
View 6 Replies View Relatedjust returned to fedora from a stint with xp for development with xp embedded (acutally pretty cool) before i get all cozy with settings and install programs, etc, etc, what is the upgrade procedure for 13? does all of this go for naught, or are settings kept if you upgrade with yum? i hope the answer is what i want it to be!
View 1 Replies View RelatedHave decided to stop using Hylafax and our two serial modems on our server running Clarkconnect 4.1 (RHE4.1)What file will I go to to edit so the program and two devices don't start up?I disconneted the devices and the log file is full of the attempts to get the modems working
View 3 Replies View RelatedI'm currently running Xubuntu 10.04LTS as my main distro, but would like to also run Fedora 13 on the same machine.Therefore, I'm more so just after a bit of steer of the best plan of attack to achieve this - best procedure to partition the drive (80gb / i686) and install Fedora etc.
View 1 Replies View RelatedWhat to remember when moving content of a file system to another file system ?Is there some kind of procedure for this operation
View 14 Replies View Related