Debian Configuration :: In Grub Disk Changed From Hd0 To Hd1?
Apr 26, 2011
We had a server failure this morning because grub was throwing error 15 (file not found). We discovered that the disk had changed names from hd0,0 to hd1,0. Making the appropriate replacements in menu.lst fixed the problem, but I'm still wondering what could have caused the spontaneous name change.
here are some other possibly related tidbits: * the server had been down because of a power loss, but it is behind a UPS so i doubt there is any electrical damage * eth0 also temporarily failed but the system failed over to eth1
My current theory is that when the bios was configuring the hardware the loss of eth0 shuffled around the addresses of the remaining hardware on the pci bus, which somehow caused the hd0/hd1 confusion. The problem is that everything i've read [URL] says that the drive assignment should be based on the way the disk is connected to the motherboard (which in this case didn't change)
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Apr 29, 2011
Is it possible to install GRUB in the MBR of the only bootable disk in the system, but load configuration and images from another disk?Basically I want to install GRUB on /dev/sda, but menu and images will be under /dev/sdb2.Note: /dev/sdb is not bootable.
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Dec 14, 2010
This morning's update
root@squeeze:/home/me# aptitude update
[Code].....
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Jul 10, 2015
I use Debian Stretch and I've installed it twice with the same ISO on the same laptop. First just to test a few things, then freshly installed it again.
The first time the wireless card was named wlan0 (as always for me, I've never had another name), the second time though it was suddenly named wlp3s0.
How did this occur and may I change it back to wlan0?
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Aug 9, 2011
I've been using dhcpd for address assignments to PCs for a very long time with no issues. I recently upgraded from lenny to squeeze and now dhcpd seems to have new behavior which I can't seem to change. Here's what I want to do. First, I have a simple situation and don't want to get involved with dynamic DNS updates. I have host statements for each of my PCs and a range statement for cases where I install a new device and don't yet have a host statement for it. Previously, I could discover the ethernet address for the new device from the dhcpd log and add a host statement with an address of my choosing for the new device.
I'd then restart dhcpd and do something like reboot the device or issue an ipconfig /renew statement on the new PC. What would happen is that the old dynamically assigned IP address would be NAKed and the device would do a DHCPDISCOVER, etc. and get the new IP address I specified in the dhcpd.conf host statement. In squeeze, this no longer works. The client asks for the old address it got dynamically and the server just says yes. I can't seem to find a way to get it to NAK the dynamic address and use the new address I've specified in the host statement. I'd appreciate any enlightenment on how this is now supposed to be done. Here's my simplified dhcpd.conf file:
authoritative;
log-facility daemon;
ddns-update-style none;
[code]....
Note that the address here was assigned based on a previous range statement and isn't consistent with the above config file.
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Oct 3, 2010
I was trying to get the Windows one working again. Here's what fdisk -l reads:
[Code]...
I'll change these or do some grub configurations, if anyone knows what ones can work.
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May 9, 2010
I installed Debian squeeze amd64 (using LVM with ext4 for /, /home, and ext2 for /boot). This is on a whole hdd on its own. Before I installed it, I have win7 on it. There is also another hdd with winxp. The dual boot loader is in the hdd. After I installed Debian, grub 1.98 was installed. After reboot, grub says "welcome", and after 10 seconds, it says "error: no such disk". It went on to display the menu with a choice of my debian and MS windows.
There does not seem to be any effect of this "error:no such disk". However, after I chose Debian to boot, gnome comes on, and I typed in the username and password. The screen goes blank for about 30 seconds before my desk top comes on.
I have 2 questions:
1. How do I fix my grub "error:no such disk" message?
2. Is there something wrong with a 30 seconds delay for the desktop to show after typing username and password, and if so, what can be done?
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Sep 5, 2010
I have installed Windows 7 on my laptop . Now, it directly boot from Windows 7 . I think the MBR overwrote my grub . I have found two methods by google , but still does work .
1: boot from debian install CD, Alt +F2 switch to the console. "grub " "root (hd0,0)" "setup (hd0,0)".
2:boot from CD, mount /dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0/part1 /mnt ; chroot /mnt ; grub-install /dev/sda.
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Dec 17, 2010
How can I load packages from the cd? I installed from cd1 which I burned on a desktop, then installed Lenny onto a laptop. Works great, no problems except I have no way of connecting the laptop other than wireless.
I've found the network manager package on the cd, but don't have a clue how to install it. I really need to get the wireless working so I can install package manager, wi-fi radar and some other things. I tried putting the disk back in and thought rescue mode might bring me back to where I could select the individual packages I need, but that didn't work, it just wanted to go through another install. Thought there was a way to select individual packages and add them to the installation.
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Mar 9, 2011
I have Debian 6 (squeeze), I have also seen this under Ubuntu (can not remember how I fixed it). (has worked in ubuntu 10.10)I can hibernate, but when I switch on the system cold boots (it does not restore previous session).Note suspend works fine. Have looked in /var/log/pm-suspend.log Shows for each block of suspend suspend a block of resume suspend, but hibernate hibernate is not followed by resume hibernate ( I assume that is what is expected.)
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Jul 11, 2011
I have deb6 installed in VMWARE ,i am posting my fstab config file
/dev/mapper/debian-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=0e7bc1e7-4f8c-4dee-a6e9-ae6d0669755e /boot ext2 defaults $
/dev/mapper/debian-home /home ext4 defaults 0 2
[code]....
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Feb 11, 2015
I've bought a new notebook. The hard drive won't stop spinning down and then spinning up again during load. I don't want HD power saving, so I disabled it within
1. /etc/hdparm.conf
Code: Select all# -B apm setting
apm = 255
# -B apm setting when on battery
apm_battery = 255
It didn't work. I can still hear the HD spin up. It's annoying in a video game because things just suddenly stop for a second.
2. /etc/udev/rules.d/50-hdparm.rules
Code: Select allACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/usr/bin/hdparm -B 255 -S 0 /dev/sda"
This was also every tip I could find during RTFM.
Other specs:
Acer Aspire E5-521G-88A8 Notebook
AMD A8-6410 APU
4 GB RAM
AMD Radeon R5 2 GB VRAM
hdparm model number: ST1000LM024 HN-M101MBB
Debian Jessie
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Aug 20, 2015
A few days ago I upgraded from debian 7 to 8. First I update, upgrade and dist upgrade - change source list and again update, upgrade and dist upgrade.When inserting a USB disk on key, it works okay. When plugging my WD "My passport" backup USB disk it does not work. The automatic mount works, but the disk can be accessed.I tried to do it manually in a format that worked on debian 7..Manual mount fails too.
umount My passport
fdisk -l (to see device name)
mount -t vfat -o rw /dev/sdb1 /media/kuku/usb_mp4
dmesg | tail
[ 2381.080822] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] No Caching mode page found
[ 2381.080828] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
[code]....
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Jan 15, 2016
Is it better to install LUKS to raw disk (/dev/sdb) or disk partition (/dev/sdb1)? What are best LUKS options?
"cryptsetup benchmark" output
Code: Select allPBKDF2-sha1Â Â Â 1310720 iterations per second
PBKDF2-sha256Â Â Â 862315 iterations per second
PBKDF2-sha512Â Â Â 590414 iterations per second
[Code] ....
Is slow hash better or how to choose it? It is clear that aes-xts is best choise. Is 265 bit key good?
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Jan 31, 2016
I created my data pool using /dev/disk/by-id and things went well. a recent view of zpool status however showed /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc being used instead. how can I be sure a rearrangement of my disks wont cause error?
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Feb 20, 2016
How can i get a RAID virtual image disk?
What i need is to mount several directories from any other partiton (or file system) as a new merge file system that can grow or decrease depending on the free space. As if it was a dinamic RAID,so i can work with huge files distributed over the partitions mounted.
Ejemp: /mnt/sda1/dir_raid1 + /home/dir_raid2 + /mnt/sda3/dir_raid3 ---> /mnt/RAID/
mhddfs and unionfs <---- are not the solution im searching (cant use huge files)
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Feb 19, 2010
I seem to have a major discrepancy between what df reports and what du reports. df tells me that I am using 20G, but I am only able to find 9.5G using du. What follows are the ls -l of root, a df of my system, and the du for every directory in root that is not a symbolic link, mnt, or proc. I would appreciate any suggestions on where to look for the remaining 10.5G that seems to have disappeared.
I am running under VM Player code...
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Aug 31, 2010
concerning Linux, mdadm, and creating RAID Array's in Debian. I've done a lot of reading and research on RAID both on this board and elsewhere (The Linux Documentation Project's Software-RAID HOWTO is especially good), but I've run across something that no one seems to explain, and I'm not sure why. I'm instructed to create partitions on the drives I wish to add to my array. These partitions inevitably take up the whole disk, and are always have their system IDs set to "Linux raid autodetect". What I don't understand is why, after creating these partitions, some guides then go on to create an array (say a RAID5 one) with just the disks themselves as members, while others go on to create the RAID5 array with the previously created partitions as members. E.g.,
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
vs.
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
What's the advantage of using one over the other?
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May 18, 2011
im am new in compiling kernel, i had kernel 2.6.32-5 on debian 6 , so i compiled kernel 2.6.38.6 , my system can boot and up but i have a problem with flash disk and CDs and DVDs , now i cant mount these cases, in compiling i select CD-ROM /dvd filesystem and Dos/fat/NTFs filesystem too
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Feb 24, 2016
I'm trying to setup a PXE server with Jessie. I've got the basic setup working by following the steps at [URL] .... That part was really easy. I would like to make the process as automated as possible and then add Win7/10 to the system as well.
The first hurdle I've come across is the fact that netboot downloads everything off the repositories. This has the potential to use up a lot of bandwidth and I would like to avoid this if possible. The first idea I came across was to create a local mirror, this way not only will I be installing everything off the LAN but I'll also be getting all the updates for my systems off the LAN too. I wasn't too keen on this. The other option that I read about was to use the debian ISOs instead.
What I have tried is to copy the Debian ISO to /var/www/html/debian
Then, when my boot via the pxe, i set the option to manually select a repository and then i type in the IP address for my webserver for the address and type in /debian for the mirror directory.
However it breaks at this point. I get a message saying "Downloading a file failed"
I would prefer the as much of the install to come from the ISO as possible to keep bandwidth usage to a minimum.
For Win10, I read that I have to use an AIK to build the Winpe and then boot that. Then I can load the Windows10 ISO via nfs through Winpe.
pxelinux.cfg/default
Code: Select allroot@DHCP:/srv/tftp# cat pxelinux.cfg/default
UI menu.c32
TITLE PXE Test Boot
LABEL Debian 8
  kernel linux
  append vga=normal preseed/url=http://192.168.0.254/debian/preseed.txt initrd=initrd.gz --
LABEL Windows 10
  kernel ??
  append ??
LABEL HardDrive Boot
 Â
This is a preseed I have setup so far
Code: Select all#### Contents of the preconfiguration file (for jessie)
### Localization
# Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
[Code] ....
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Aug 12, 2010
I've got an 8-disk raid-5 setup, and one of the disks failed. I shut the system down, replaced it, and powered the box back on again. Then, I made a catastrophic mistake; I 'failed' and removed the wrong disk (should have been sdj1, and I typed sdk1 by accident). I tried to re-add sdk1 back to the raid array, but it got listed as 'spare'. My raid array is off-line, since I now have 2 disks unavailable.
I know that the data still exists on sdk1, is there any way I can get the raid array to recognise the fact that it's a valid part of the array, and not a spare disk? At least if I can do that, I'll have a degraded but accessible array, and then I can rebuild the array on the properly replaced disk.
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Sep 14, 2010
I got a new machine with GA-p55A-ud3 mobo and a WDC WD10EARS 1T disk. When I tried to benchmark the disk IO, I was suprised by the low write speed:
[Children see throughput for 1 initial writers = 35962.63 KB/sec
Parent sees throughput for 1 initial writers = 35962.63 KB/sec
Min throughput per process = 35962.63 KB/sec
[code].....
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Jan 12, 2011
I keep noticing disk activity every roughly 1 to 3 seconds even though there is "nothing" going on. Of course, I run a number of "system" and "user" application packages - Apache2, MySQL, Browsers (Opera, IceWeasel), an SMB client and server, OpenOffice 3.0RC8 being the most prominent ones. I wonder what might be the cause for this constant disk activity which happens even when none of the applications do any noticeable work at all. Is there a way to determine the process that does those disk read/writes?
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Jul 24, 2011
Gnome-disk-utility doesn't show filesystem type, mount point, filesystem label, size¦ of my / filesystem.
I am running Debian Squeeze using lvm2. I have two HDDs and each has one primary partition, which are used as PVs. Having two VGs, each VG has it's own PV.
There are some LVs and all of them except the LV holding the swap space are formatted with XFS. Now gnome-disk-utility shows everything about my /home LV, another LV containing a whole Ubuntu installation,¦ only the / LV (and Swap LV, but I don't know what it is supposed to show there) is/are missing nearly all information.
Otherwise the system is running perfectly well and the Debian / LV is shown normally in Ubuntu's disk-utlity, as well as all other LVs.
fdisk
Physical volume
Volume group
Volume group
lvdisplay
Logical volume
Logical volume
Logical volume
Logical volume
Logical volume
DebianCopy is a copy of my Debian installation (different fs label and UUID). DebianII (again different UUID and label) is a copy too, but there I tried out newer (testing) versions of udisks/lvm2/udev and right after the upgrade it showd everything as it should with the additional advantage of the newer udisks-version showing my VGs, but after a reboot it showed the same behaviour as before or even worse, because the information about other LVs was missing too.
In the end I even modified the fstab. Originally it contained the /dev/mapper/vgbay... entries and I replaced them with LABEL=... and finally with UUID=..., but it didn't make any difference either.
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Apr 18, 2011
I recently installed Debian, and its great except hardware config, any way already fixed that, I reinstalled windows 7, and it removed Grub I tried reinstalling it, and reconfiguring it no luck I've booted into Debian using a boot CD.
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Jun 19, 2010
I recently installed virtual box on debian and after it had finished my terminal informed me that I could remove some "unnecessary" software by use of sudo apt-get autoremove. When I did this, some of the icons on the desktop changed and all of the icons in the drop down menu on the bar at the top of the screen also changed to ordinary folder symbols. The theme that I was using also went away. I restarted the computer and it booted back into a shell prompt with no GUI. I tried to get back to the GUI using alt+f7 but it didn't seem to exist
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Sep 23, 2015
So, my issues since upgrading to Jessie seem to compound. When I fix one issue, two more arise. Right now, I have a full system disk. How it got so full. So I started poking around. I ran
Code: Select all find / -type f -size +50M -exec ls -lh {} ; | awk '{ print $NF ": " $5 }'
Found a few files I could delete, and did, but I also found Code: Select all/var/log/syslog.1: 33G
/var/log/messages: 33G
/var/log/user.log: 33G
What I find strange is that they're all exactly 33G each. So that accounts for the missing 99GB I deleted them, however only recovered 27Gb. Whats weird is when I type df -h I get
Code: Select allFilesystem   Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/dm-0Â Â Â Â 106GÂ Â 74GÂ Â 27GÂ 74% /
udev       10M   0  10M  0% /dev
tmpfs      3.2G 9.7M 3.2G  1% /run
tmpfs      7.9G   0 7.9G  0% /dev/shm
tmpfs      5.0M 4.0K 5.0M  1% /run/lock
tmpfs      7.9G   0 7.9G  0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1Â Â Â Â 228MÂ Â 27MÂ 189MÂ 13% /boot
/dev/sdb1Â Â Â Â 1.9TÂ Â 62GÂ 1.8TÂ Â 4% /media/ntfs
tmpfs      1.6G   0 1.6G  0% /run/user/0
What are the tmpfs's and how can I reclaim that space, and what is /dev/dm-0 and why is that taking up so much space?
I have 2 LVGs vgdisplay -v
Code: Select allroot@SETV-007-WOWZA:~# vgdisplay -v
  DEGRADED MODE. Incomplete RAID LVs will be processed.
  Finding all volume groups
  Finding volume group "WOWZASERVER"
[Code] ....
After deleting the log files, I was able to regain access to my GDM session. But I still cant find out what /dev/dm-0 is, and where all the 75 GB is being taken up.
I just noticed, however, even though I can access the drive A-OK via browser, terminal, and web services (Our wowza) when I enter gParted I get this error for sda, my primary OS drive!
Code: Select all Libparted Bug Found!
Error informing the kernel about modifications to partition /dev/sda2 -- Invalid argument. This means Linux won't know about any changes you made to /dev/sda2 until you reboot -- so you shouldn't mount it or use it in any way before rebooting
Now that I'm in gParted I see 3 partitions: [URL] ....
It reports now, that I have used ALL of my disk space.
Post Log delete, and fresh reboot, this is what Code: Select alldf -h outputs
Code:
Select all Filesystem   Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/dm-0Â Â Â Â 106GÂ 8.7GÂ Â 92GÂ Â 9% /
udev       10M   0  10M  0% /dev
tmpfs      3.2G 9.8M 3.2G  1% /run
tmpfs      7.9G  80K 7.9G  1% /dev/shm
tmpfs      5.0M 4.0K 5.0M  1% /run/lock
[Code] ....
What the heck is going on?
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Feb 19, 2010
I am trying to figure out where the harddisk power management can be found in Squeeze. Before it was in the scripts under /etc/acpi, but in Squeeze it's not. I'd like to be able to change the hdparm -B value from 128 to 200 when using battery.
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Jul 12, 2011
Same computer and flash. Two results on different OS:
Write speed under debian: 0.4 MB/s
Write speed under Windows: 6.6 MB/s
From what i've been reading on the net I guess it's something to do with the mount - sync option.
I've notice that there are couple of workarounds but all of them are pretty tedious.
Is there any simple (GUI - one/two clicks) tool that allow to mount/unmount flash disk easily using the correct options?
I'm using Squeeze 6.0.2 (Kernel 2.6.32-5-amd64), gnome 2.30.2
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May 30, 2010
I have a Knoppix DVD-ROM. I also have its image as k.iso at the second partition of HDD of my laptop. I use the DVD-ROM and write at the boot prompt the cheat code:
knoppix bootfrom=/dev/sda5/k.iso
I also have a folder Knoppix made during bootprompt by using the cheatcode knoppix tohd=/dev/sda5 and I can use the following cheatcode while booting from the DVD-ROM, like knoppix fromhd=/dev/sda5My laptop runs Debian Lenny 5.0.4, installed in the first partition of my HDD.
Can Grub be configured to boot from the Knoppix k.iso image, or the knoppix folder, which I use to use the Knoppix OS, so that I am freed from using the DVD, when I want to use the knoppix system?
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