Ubuntu Servers :: Deleting From / Boot After Removing Kernels
Jul 25, 2011
I received an alarm on a server stating that the /boot partition was 90% used. The partition contains several old kernels so I removed all but the current and previous 2 known stable versions using apt. This did not purge the files from the /boot partition.The /boot partition still contains the kernel files for 12 old versions. Is it safe to delete these files after the kernel has been removed using apt? Below is the output of the /boot partition.
I have an issue with apt-get that has been bugging me, namely that it tries to delete kernels I did not specify for deletion.
This is an issue that has been present over at least the last three releases and is present for both 32bit and 64bit, so it might actually be a feature and not a bug, however I can't see it's usefulness.
When I use the command:
Code: sudo apt-get remove --purge 2.6.32-21*
It not only tries to remove the kernel 2.6.32.21 but gives me the following output:
Code: sudo apt-get remove --purge 2.6.32-22* Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Note, selecting linux-headers-lbm-2.6.32-24-generic for regex '2.6.32-22*' Note, selecting linux-headers-2.6.32-21-preempt for regex '2.6.32-22*'
[Code]....
When I go through with this command to remove the oldest kernel on the system, it will actually delete all kernels present on my PC (as I painfully learned when I first tried it). Why is that the case? Wouldn't it make more sense to only remove the kernel 2.6.32.22?
the method for freeing up space by deleting old kernels is made to sound very simple: go into Synaptic, select the outdated kernels, mark for complete removal, and Apply. Easy. But . . . when I mark a particular kernel for removal, Synaptic also wants to remove a lot of other things, some of which do not bear version numbers and seem generic. I am, to put it mildly, very leery of just telling it to go ahead, lest I end up losing things I should have kept and having a dead or at least crippled box.
Say, for example, that I mark for Complete Removal the line linux-image-2.6.22-15-generic; when I go to Apply that one deletion, I get a laundry list of to-die files that includes:
Okay I have been running Ubuntu for soma months now and it is nice, but now after updating the kernels to get the latest when prompted by the update manager, I now find I have multiple kernels when I boot he PC. My Slackware and Windows 7 options are way down the list. How do I remove the older options. Idealy I would like just the last two kernels and there safe modes on display as options.
I'm simply trying to remove old kernels and second rename things that are on the list. It used to take me 10 seconds with grub1, but having some difficultly with grub2. So far I went into /boot/ and removed the old kernels and then did a sudo update-grub2 and it seemed to remove all the old kernels from the list. Is this the best way or doing it or any issues on doing it this way? Second I just want to rename what boots up like Ubuntu 2.6.32-22-generic to something else. I keep read not to modify the grub.cfg, but not sure what to do? I poked around the files in /etc/grub.d/, but not sure what to do?
Is removing previous older kernels "vmlinuz", when updates do get a newer version an easy task, or do the more recent Linux like Ubuntu 9.10 do that automatically, and only keep a few older previous kernels ?
I'm as big a fan of Linux as Linus Torvalds himself but it's things like this that help to keep Linux from becoming mainstream. I mean, how would I ever explain the need for the following procedure to a non-techie type, recent or prospective Ubuntu convert? The following is not a question, as I have finally resolved the issue but is more of a rant, I guess you could say. The reasons that I decided to post it are:
1) To hopefully help someone else experiencing this issue.
2) To point out the need for significant improvement in the area of editing partitions under Ubuntu Linux. 3) To vent my spleen.
Instaled ubuntu 9.10 and i like it more than win xp because you can setup it in your way. Now my problem is when i compile older kernel with my setup and restart ubuntu i get grub with no loads like config is gone or something so i cant boot any of default kernels. I folowed this guide for compile [URL]... because i want to create lan hlds server with 1000hz kernel and have best response and latency server. can anyone confirm is this guide working with this 9.10 version or problem is that i cant set older kernel with newest ubuntu? Compiled few times and annoyed to wait again 2h just to try some other explanations i found on internet.
yesterday I removed old kernels via. the synaptic manager- I'm 100% certain I did not removed the latest stable kernel, and the version before- I did however removed the oldest two. Now after restart I'm dead in the water- i cant get past the initial boot- the screen goes black. I i'm running ubuntu 9.10 double-booted with windows vista, and right now I cant even get into vista...
Let's say that I messed up with removing old kernels, and removed sth, that shouldn't be removed- but how does this mess up vista?
I seem to be having a problem booting into ubuntu 10.04 (and 9.10 before I upgraded a while back). It's been ongoing for a while now, but I can't seem to actually even get to the login screen. Some kernels just give me a blank screen, and others hang at the ubuntu logo (http://i.cbsi.com.au/story_media/339...ic-koala_1.jpg). It seems to be totally random, and I can't seem to even narrow down which kernels do what. It seems to be a game every time I reboot. Perhaps it has something to do with the beta 2.6.32-rc6 kernel I installed (by clicking on the .deb) a while back? I'm not too sure how to uninstall it, but I first installed it I think back at 9.04, and it always seems to be the first option in grub. Can I clean out my old kernels somehow? Or is that dangerous?
Maybe it's caused by graphics drivers? "Safe mode" doesn't seem to work any better though. And I can't get to the TTY terminals by <ctrl><alt><1-6> either, which would suggest to me that it isn't a graphics issue? I don't see the login screen, nor do I always see the splash screen.
i'm having a problem with every single kernel upgrade since 2.6.32-21.I'm currently upgraded to 10.10 using GRUB2 and LVM disk configuration and all newer kernels (up to the latest 2.6.35-23) crash with the following errors:/init: .: line 61: can't open '/scripts/functions'Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!Pid: 1, comm: init not taintedI've already double checked all the entries in GRUB regarding paths, etc and i can't seem to find any difference between the working 2.6.32.21 and all the others
My OS boots with 2.6.35-22-generic, if using more new kernels (2.6.38-8-generic, 2.6.38-10-generic and 3.0.0-0300rc7-generic), the system doesn't boot normally: the monitor doesn't light, upper and lower gnome panels are absent. Machine configuration: Acer Aspire 5734Z, Intel Pentium Dual-Core T4500 2.3 GHz, 2 GB DDR3 Memory, videocard Mobile Intel 4(R) Series Express Chipset Family.
I'm here of course because I would like to know what would be the SSH command to issue if I need to delete certain files that meet certain criteria. For instance, in this case, I simply have files that almost bear the same name but still have some very minor differences.
Let me give you an example: L0619000.log L0619001.log L0619002.log L0619003.log L0619004.log
Those in bold are those I'd like to have removed, while the "L0619004.log" is obviously to be left intact.
I'm unable to boot my box since the first 2.6.34 kernel arrived.I hoped the second will fix the problem but it didn't.The display just enters in the power save mode after a second and that's it.The system boots fine with the 2.6.33.8-149.fc13.i686 kernel.The lspci result is:
I just installed Maverick Studio on a new hard drive, and am using an NVIDIA GeForce 7300 LE GPU. If I boot into the 2.6.35-22-generic kernel, everything runs fine, but if I try to boot into either the 2.6.35-20-Low Latency, or 2.6.33-29-Realtime kernels (installed from Synaptic), the computer boots straight to a command prompt instead of the desktop. Does anybody know what causes this? I need to be able to use one of these kernels for doing music production.
Yesterday i updated fedora 13.After reboot problems started with te display driver.Scrolling sreens goes very slow and with little steps.Moving a screen from one side to the other goes also very slow.It seems there is a problem with the ATI driver.I also have problems after new kernel updates.The new kernels simply won't boot? The boot proces hangs everytime the fedora logo turns wite.
lately I compiled the 2.6.35 kernel and met the following problem: the kernel I get it is a generic kernel so I have two generic kernels. I want to have a possibility to boot both kernels: the new and the old one. I cannot resolve the problem of a creating initrd as mkinitrd run for the new kernel would overwrite the initrd.gz generated for the old kernel. So , I make a new directory where I put this new kernel. Is there a way to have both kernels together in /boot ?
I'm out of ideas and I want to know if someone can answer me this question:I have 15 linux servers, with the same OS, on my network and I have to delete a user (the same in all the servers) but I don't have time to do it one by one.Some know a way to do this task
I am using a Dell XPS m1330 with ubuntu Maverick 10.10 and with a Nvidia card. Recently I wanted to add plymouth support to my boot screens via this script: [URL].... but maybe i did something that ruined my pc and now, in GRUB, i can only see recovery kernels. The situation is this: in grub i see
linux recovery kernel 1 linux recovery kernel 2 (old one) memtest windows 7
My "normal" linux kernels disappeared. When I want to boot linux I use a recovery kernel, then I simply hit "resume" in the process, do the textual login and than use the command "startx" to start the system. However i'm getting no Plymouth and no normal boot. I have already tried to fix grub recreating the linux kernels, but they just don't show.
how would i go about deleting my old kernel?i have my ubuntu machine partitioned the way gentoo would partition a drive with a seperate boot directory. my boot directory is only 200 megs so i can probably fit 4 kernels max into it and need to eject the old ones.
I'm running Fedora 12 - Linux 2.6.32.21 with a boot partion on /dev/sdb3 of a hard disk.
I downloaded a vanilla kernel version 2.6.35.4 and have built it and run it successfully. I built this kernel to play with building device drivers.
My grub configuration uses the same root filesystem for my fedora installation as my vanilla 2.6.35.4 kernel; both use the LVM root filesystem. (/dev/sd4 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6)
When I'm running fedora 12 (2.6.32.21) I can see the files in /boot which contains my kernel, system-map, initramfs, grub directory, etc. I also see my vanilla kernel 2.6.35.4 and it's associated support files (map, initramfs, etc.)
My question is when I boot into my vanilla 2.6.35.4 kernel and I look in /boot, I only see my vanilla kernel and it's associated support files. No grub, no fedora kernel. If I do a df -a, I see that /dev/sdb3 is not mounted like it is when I'm running my fedora kernel. I'm confused as to what is going on here. Can anyone shed some light on this?
i recently removed the Ubuntu partition in Windows 7. When I try to reboot I am faced with the the grub rescue error where it says no such partition.. I have tried booting Windows 7 from disc and I have even went into my BIOS and it says CD-ROM boot priority.. boot ready then says the grub rescue error again, stating that there is no such partition.
This is really annoying as all the tutorials on the internet say insert Windows 7 then use the recovery tools but I can't even boot any operating system. I have set the BIOS to boot from my CD drive..
I am ready to reclaim the disk space that is currently being used by XP in my dualboot scenario. Per the Gparted scan below, my hard drive is currently being sequenced as sda1 (NTFS data only, which I mounted in Ubuntu and write my working documents to), sda2 (XP operating system/boot drive). Ubuntu is on sda3, with home on sda4. I'm currently running 9.10.
I would like to eliminate the contents of sda2, and migrate sda1 contents to ext4. Question is, what are the best steps. I have good backups of everything, and sync my NTFS data to a NAS.
I've got a win7/ubuntu 10.04 dual boot running on my system. I did the usual of installing 7 first, then ubuntu and using it as the default boot option. I now want to get rid of win 7 and expand the ubuntu installation into the free space. My current hdd structure is in the attachment. If I just boot a live cd and gparted to remove the win 7 partitions and expand the ubuntu installation into the free space, will that work or will it have a massive panic? how to I get grub to silently boot after without offering me any boot options?
It seems each time I select 'restart later' after downloading updates I get extra lines on my boot screen.The top line works correctly to get me into Ubuntu & the bottom Win. How do I delete the unnecessary lines?
I have my laptop NC6910p from HP with windows 7 and Ubuntu lucid as dual boot managed by grub loader.
Yesterday I made a mistake and formated the ubuntu partition as ntfs with a windows media because I needed to do a test in that partition. Now, off course, when I boot the computer is not finding GRUB and naturally not booting to windows.
I tried to boot with ubuntu live cd and did the apt-get install ms-sys but it just does not find the package. I can browse the windows files and all of that.
