Software :: Rsync: Backups And Hard Links?
Jul 13, 2011
I am using rsync for incremental backups. I am backing up to a second hard drive on my computer. When I check the individual backup directories (backup.0 through backup.4) with du -hs they each show 12G; when I check the parent directory squeeze it shows 15G. Over 4 backups I have added 3G. I haven't made very much for changes to directories I'm backing up and am using hard links. I have included some info below.
Quote:
Backup script:
#!/bin/bash
mount /mnt/backup
cd /mnt/backup/squeeze/
rm -rf backup.7
[code]....
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Nov 12, 2009
How do you get Rsync to do incremental backups rather than full backups? At the moment I have a script that will create a backup folder (if it doesnt already exist) then copy the source files into the backup directory with the command
rsync $VERBOSE --exclude=$TARGET/ $EXCLUDE --exclude '/Ls-wtgl1c8/**' -rt --delete $source/ $TARGET/$source/ >> $LOG_FILE
Target is where the files will be backed up to Sources is the dir(s) to be backed up Exclude files is the list of files not to backup
log file is where the output will be saved to. At the moment it only does full backups, but I would only like to do incremental, how would this be achieved? Am I missing out an option in the Rsync that is required.
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Aug 24, 2009
CentOS 5.2 64bit 2.6.18-92.el5xen. Use rsync with --link-dest for nightly backups, works well. Was recently asked to start weekly backups to an external drive for off-site storage. The regular syncing works but hard linking seems to be ignored. So the backup is long with no space saving advantage. Here is an example of the command being run:
rsync --stats -axzvl --numeric-ids --delete --link-dest=/mnt/DISASTERBACKUPS/austinBackups/backups/2009-08-21 /AUSTINBACKUPS/backups/2009-08-24 /mnt/DISASTERBACKUPS/austinBackups/backups/
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Jan 7, 2011
When I run rsync --recursive --times --perms --links --delete --exclude-from='Documents/exclude.txt' ./ /media/myusb/
where Documents/exclude.txt is
- /Downloads/
- /Desktop/books/
the files in those directories are still copied onto my USB.
And...
I used fetchmail to download all my gmail emails. When I run rsync -ar --exclude-from='/home/xtheunknown0/Documents/exclude.txt' ./ /media/myusb/ I get the first image at url.
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May 9, 2010
I am currently backing up my data but find that it takes way to long to do a rsync, it takes forever to just find the differences and transfer them.Out of 3 separate rsyncs the main one that is slow is my www.skins.be mirror directory which is 41GB and has 392,200 files, sorted into multiple directories. Which grows by around 100 every couple days.I think that something that would be able to track changes by inotify time on directories will speed it up since Picasa sure finds the changes fast when I open it and it is tracking over 26,200 pictures. I just don't know of a backup solution that does that.
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Jan 21, 2010
I am using rsync to backup dirs on my ubuntu server onto a NAS (which is mounted onto the filesystem), but the problem is that it is constantly doing full backups rather than doing incrementals and I am not really sure why. After doing a bit of expermienting with the script I noticed that if I just backed up a home dir (/home/user) the incremental backups work fine. If however I was to back up a dir like (/home/domain/user) it always does full backups.I have tried various different scripts but still the same end result. The latest script is a variation on the a script found on the samba rsync examples webpage, see below...
#!/bin/bash
# rsyncbu.sh -- backup to nas using rsync
# This script backups files listed in BDIR to the BSERVER. The verbose output along with the date is listed in the LOG_FILE specified
# verbose output
[code]....
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Apr 27, 2011
There are multiple servers to be backed up. Different access rights exist in each server. There are two backup servers with plenty of disk space, one local, and one offsite. The local one feeds to the offsite one. The rsync command is being used to make a replica of backed up data. Deleted data is also being archived. There are two methods that have been considered: One is to have the individual servers run rsync which logs in to the backup server to push data. Two is to have the backup server run rsync which logs in to each individual server to pull data. Because system data is involved and meta information (like owning user) must be stored, root is required to access the data as well as to store it. That means everything runs as root both ends. So method one was quickly dismissed because each server would effectively have rights to access ALL the data on the backup server since it logs into the backup server as root. The security containment here involves different groups using different servers, and they need to be isolated from each other.
But even method two involves some risks that are a concern. This means one machine has access rights to every server. If the backup server were compromised, every machine could be compromised.What I'd like to find is some way to allow backups to be run without either machine granting root access to the other, while still running as root, or something equivalent, that allows accessing all data and storing all metadata. So I was looking at setting up an rsync daemon on each individual server (running as root so it can access what it is specified to access), and running an rsync client on the backup server (as root so it can store metadata). This opens network access issues. Any user on the network can connect to the rsync daemon. So password protection is needed. But this communication is also not encrypted, which exposes the password and the data should the network be sniffed.
So now I'm thinking about a non-root ssh login between machines. The backup server would login to a non-privileged user on each individual server and set up a secure forwarding channel to the rsync daemon. Is this the best that can be done? Is there a way to run rsync via SSL with key verification so it can all be done together? I'd like to have the rsync daemons configured to always talk SSL, and always verify the client's key against a list of authorized keys, and likewise the client verify the server's key against the known public key for that server.
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Jan 29, 2010
Can I use rsync for incremental backups of the running linux server?
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Apr 5, 2011
I am backing up my debian server with rsnapshot which actually uses rsync to perform the backup. The backups are located in an external storage of size 1.4T .
[code]....
I tried to understand what this error message means and i founde that error code 12 : 12 Error in rsync protocol data stream I understand that when rsync find that a file on the target was changed , it will send only the block/blocks that contain the changes and in the destination rsync will create new file and not update the old one (new inod...) . I want to know if this error i get is due to full disk or perhaps it is some other factor
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Sep 30, 2010
I need to login as root, or at least get root privileges, in a cron triggered backup run. The straight way to do this would be the backup server making an ssh connection to the server to be backed up (this way because I want to avoid many servers being backed up in parallel and the backup server itself would be managing this diversity), via the rsync command which would be performing the backup's synchronization step.
I'm looking for alternatives to this in some form. I'd like to disallow direct root login to my ssh port (not 22One idea I have is to have the backup server initiate an ssh login as a non-root user, to either the actual source server, or to a server that can reach the source server ... and set up port forwarding. Over the forwarded port, then initiate the rsync that logs in as root via another port that allows direct root, but cannot be reached from the internet at all (because the border firewall doesn't include this port as allowed in).FYI, these logins will be using ssh keys, not passwords. I do need to keep ownership metadata for files being backed up, so this is why I am using root. Also, rsync is needed to get the incremental updates to keep bandwidth usage lower (otherwise I could just transfer a tarball each day).Anyone have any other ideas or comments, for security issues, based on experience doing things like this (backups, routine data replication, etc)?
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Dec 2, 2010
With the --backup and --backup-dir= options on rsync, I can tell it another tree where to put files that are deleted or replaced. I'm hoping it fills out the tree with a replica of the original directory paths (at least for the files put there) or else it's a show stopper. What I'm wanting to find out applies when I'm restoring files. Assuming each time I run rsync (once a day) I make a new directory tree (named by the date) for the backup directory. For each file name/path in the tree, I would start with whatever is in the main tree (the rsync target) and work through the incremental trees going backwards until I reach the date of interest to restore to. If along the way I encounter a file in an incremental, I would replace the previous file at that path with this next one. So by the time I get back to a given date, I should have the version of the file which was present at that date. Do this for each file in the tree and it should be a full restore.
But ... and this is the hard part, it seems. What about files that did not exist at the intended restore date, but do exist (were created) on a date after the intended restore date. What I'd want for a correct restore would be for such files to be absent in the restored tree (just as they were absent in the source tree on that date). How can such a restore be done to correctly exclude these files? Wouldn't rsync have to store some kind of sentinel that indicates that on dates prior, the file did not exist. I suspect someone might suggest I just make a complete hard linked replica tree for each date, and this way absent files will clearly be absent. I can assure you this is completely impractical because I have actually done this before. I ended up with backup filesystems that have so many directories and nodes that it could take over a day, maybe even days, to just do something like "du -s" on it. I'm intending to keep daily changes for at least a couple years, if not more. So that means the 40 million plus files would be multiplied by over 700, making programs like "du -s" have to check over 28 BILLION file names (and that's assuming the number of files does not grow over the next two years).
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May 9, 2011
So I am using rsync (3.0.7 on MAC OSX) to backup one hard drive to a folder on another one. The is USB drive to USB drive and I have done the initial backup from one drive to a new formatted other drive with the following command:
Code:
rsync -avX --progress /Volumes/Source /Volumes/Destination
This all appears to be going smoothly as I type. I am going to write a script to do subsequent backups in the
[code]....
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Oct 6, 2010
I'm trying to set up rsync backups on my ReadyNAS and I'm getting the following error: ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a / This error is accompanied by the following information:
[Code]...
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Mar 20, 2010
I've been using dump/restore for backups, for quite some time. It's worked fine, but the process of recovering from a HD failure takes too long. What with eSATA and external drive docks, what I'd really like is to use rsync to maintain a current clone of my entire system drive. That is, start with a full disk clone, and then use rsync to keep it current.
I've seen plenty of instructions on how to do this with a directory tree, but I've seen none for doing it with a copy of the entire disk. If, for example, I copy /etc/fdisk, then the copied disk would have entries with the same UUIDs as the original disk. Which would mean that if the clone disk were to be bootable, its partitions would need the same UUIDs as the original disk. Which they would be, if the cloned disk started as a full-disk clone, I think. Am I wrong? But that means that when the clone disk was active, I'd have partitions with duplicated UUIDs. Is this going to cause problems? When I boot, will I get the correct partitions loaded?
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May 16, 2011
I am in the process of writing an rsync script to run unattended backups of my entire file system to another system located on my local network using ssh and password-less rsa keys.
I will absolutely will not use password-less keys with the root account and this is the limitation preventing me from accomplishing my goal because root is required by rsync to access the / tree and copy it to another location. I decided that if I compiled the script into a binary that I didn't have a problem with the password being contained within the binary itself but from what I've read there is no way to elevate to root and then back down to user level from within the script/binary.
I can create the script as the user and use chroot to make it owned by root but retain execution permission for the user but it will still cause the ssh login to be under root and therefore require either that I am there to enter my password or the use of password-less keys under the root account which I reiterate I will NOT do. Currently the script is executed by the user on the machine containing the files to be backed up.
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Jan 22, 2010
one would have to exclude certain folders / directories but would the backup be possible if the system is up and running in its native "live" state ? Which directories could be excluded ? Does swap need to be turned off ? I would like to make incremental backups on a separate partition of the same hard drive. I will endeavour to backup the MBR/ Partition table using dd.
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May 3, 2010
Dropbox will not start properly because my Lucid installation is on a SS HD (/dev/sdc) but my data, including my Dropbox folder is on an internal NTFS-formatted HD (/dev/sda), and I also have another internal HD for backups (/dev/sdb).
For some reason I can get the backups HD to auto-mount on startup, but not the data HD. My fstab file looks like this:
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Apr 1, 2010
I'm running rsync and outputting the log to a file using --log-file option. I am also using the --link-dest option, which in turn is adding the hard link creation output for EVERY file in the log file. I want to ONLY show the actual file transfer (if any) that take place.In the 'log format' section of rsyncd man page here I assume you can do this, I just can't make sence about the code.
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Feb 3, 2011
I've been a DOS/Windows guy for 20 years, and recently became a SW test lab helper. My company uses CentOS for a lot, so I've become familiar with it, but obviously not as comfortable as I am with Windows.
Here's what I have planned:
machine: Core 2 Duo E8400, 8GB DDR2, 60GB SSD OS drive, ATI 4650 video card, other storage is flexible (I have 3 1TB drives and 4 750GB drives around that can be used in this machine.)
uses: HTPC, Network Storage, VMWare server host: SMTP, FTP server, and Web server virtual machines
I've figured out how to do much of this, but I haven't figured out how to do backups in Linux. I've been spoiled with Windows, with the built in backup system so simple to use. I find myself overwhelmed with the array of backup software, and unable to determine which to use. none of them seem to do everything I need them to do, but some come close, I think. I'm hoping someone here can help me out in figuring out which program to use and how to use it.
Here is what I need the backup software to do:
1. scheduled unattended backups, with alerts if the backups fail
2. a weekly full backup with incremental every 12 hours
3. removing the old backups when the new full backup runs, I would prefer to keep 2 weeks of backups, but that's not necessary
4. a GUI would be preferable, since my arthritic fingers don't always do as I want them to do. I typo things a lot, and the label worn off my backspace can attest to that.
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Jan 15, 2010
I have a Music folder and I need to create hard links for all files in Music directory.For example:
~/Music/01 - the song.ogg // hard link for this file
~/Music/Folder/02 - a song.ogg //and for this file TOO!
~/Other Music/01 - the song.ogg
~/Other Music/Other foldr/02 - a song.ogg
I want hard link files in folder and in subfolders, but not folders its self.
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Dec 8, 2010
I have a 32-bit Linux server with an ext3 file system. Is there any kind of upper-limit to the number of hard links I am allowed to use? (Per inode...? Per directory...? Per filesystem...?) And (just out of curiosity) would this be any different if I had a 64-bit machine or a different file system?
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Jun 28, 2010
I am copying my home folder from my old computer (Ubuntu 9.10) to my new one (Ubuntu 10.04)
I thought that I would make a tar archive of my home directory (~60GB), then copy it across the network and untar it in my new home folder.
The problem is that I have several hard links (30 at most). When I try and untar the tar in my new computer it runs into errors with the hard links.
I think the problem is that it has unzipped the hard link before it's target and detected an error.
One solution is to add --hard-dereference to the tar command , this will create a separate copy of each hard link. but I would really like an exact copy of my home folder on my new computer.
Does anyone have any ideas? Either copying my home directory, or how to make tar handle hard links sensibly?
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Mar 23, 2011
what is the purpose of using hard links instead of being a shortcut to some file ?
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Aug 1, 2010
I am trying to create hard links within a file system to a directory, but unable to do that. is there any limitation to create hard links to directories within file system ?
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Jul 7, 2011
wanted to knowIs there a command the root user can type in the command line to list & know all soft and hard links there are in a distro that is installed ?
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Nov 30, 2010
I have a home network that includes a couple of computers {A, B, C, D}. currently, I have a cron jon that runs every minute and updates (using rsync) the hard drives of computers {B, C, D} with the contents of hard drive {A}. So far everything works great, as hard drive {A} barely has any information on it. Now, I am about to copy a lot of information (about 8 GBs) to hard drive {A}. Naturally, the cron job will run (as it runs every 1-min) and try to 'sync' the contents with hard drives {B, C, D}.
Given my network (100Mbit/sec), there is no way the cron job will be able to 'copy' the contents to hard drives {B, C, D} in one minute. It will take much more time. Does this situation create a problem? meaning, will cron re-run a new rsync instance 1min later, even though an existing rsync process is running and still copying information to hard drives {B,C,D}? Will my backups be hurt / slowed down tremendously because of this?
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May 20, 2011
I have an OpenBSD and a FreeBSD system and a mac. I also have a Ubuntu server. What i would like to do is back up all these systems to an external hard-drive using rsync when the external usb disk is connected to my Ubuntu box.If i format the external usb disk with cfdisk and the create a non-bootable ext3 file system on this external disk and create and put all the necessary public keys on the Linux box then from the BSD's or the mac issue the command:
Code: #rsync --progress -avhe ssh --delete / user@ubuntuBox:/usb/disk/path/dir/ Will this back up the entire systems so that they can be restored in the event of an emergency? I should store each OS just in a separate disk file of the external usb drive each time right?? Because i would rather not have to format the external usb drive for each different OS. Would this work? and would the restoration command for these BSD's be:
Code:
rsync -avze ssh UbuntuBox:/usb/disk/path / I just need to know the basics. I'm sure given that i'll be able to automate the process. I don't want to clone the disks for forensics. I just want to have a way of restoring to a clean OS. This is the most basic question:All the howto's never mention whether or not you have to have an rsync server running on the machine your backing up to. So do you just push or pull from one end of the connection only or do you have to have a client at one end and a server at the other, as is traditional?
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May 9, 2011
I have never used rsync before, only DD. But from what I have been reading, rsync is better becasue it will basically mirror your hard drive, thus being able to run the cloned software from the new hard drive. My problem is I do not know what is the best commands or even the basic commands to use in rsync. I am trying to make an image from a external hard drive to a usb drive. That way my chances of messing up he original software is not as risky becasue I'll just restore the image onto another hard drive. Does anyone know the best script to have rsync make an image file of a hard drive and place it on a usb drive and then restore it?
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Jan 31, 2010
I don't understand this: I did Quote: rsync -avz --delete /media/PPT-WORDS centguy@centos52-64-dell:/media/ while I was at home connecting my portable hard drive to a desktop centos52 machine. On the next day, I came to the office and I connect my portable hard drive to another centos52 machine, do do
[Code]....
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May 20, 2011
I have an OpenBSD and a FreeBSD system and a mac. I also have a Linux server. What i would like to do is back up all these systems to an external hard-drive using rsync when the external usb disk is connected to my linux box.If i format the external usb disk with cfdisk and the create a non-bootable ext3 file system on this external disk and create and put all the necessary public keys on the Linux box then from the BSD's or the mac issue the command:
Code:
Will this back up the entire systems so that they can be restored in the event of an emergency? I should store each OS just in a separate disk file of the external usb drive each time right? Because i would rather not have to format the external usb drive for each different OS. Would this work? and would the restoration command for these BSD's be:
Code:
I just need to know the basics. I'm sure given that i'll be able to automate the process. I don't want to clone the disks for forensics. I just want to have a way of restoring to a clean OS. This is the most basic question:All the howto's never mention whether or not you have to have an rsync server running on the machine your backing up to. So do you just push or pull from one end of the connection only or do you have to have a client at one end and a server at the other, as is traditional?
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