Programming :: Difference Between Various Symbols Of Kernel
Aug 22, 2010
I was going through some exercise given in my school. I have read the C book but I am not able to understand some part. That is static variable. What exactly is a static variable and what does it do? I saw in Linux Kernel Programming external and exported are also some thing. I am not getting the difference between static,EXPORT_SYMBOL,external variable types. If I make a kernel module then how will I make sure that my variable is visible to the kernel. Is this what it is all talking about? I have checked this page [URL].
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Apr 5, 2010
By issuing the 'nm' command on shared library (internally using one static library), the functions exposed by static library is also being listed, Which allows to use internal functions which is of course not intended. I have one static library having A(), B() and C() functions. Creating one shared library which has function XYS() that is using A() and B() functions from Static library. While doing 'nm' on shared library, all the static library function are being listed.
Static Lib:
#include<stdio.h>
void A(char *msg)
{
printf("
[code]....
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Aug 3, 2010
I've compiled 2.6.35 for my eeepc, but I have noticed that resulting .deb file is 30mb large. After investigating i saw that modules (and maybe kernel) are compiled with debugging symbols enabled.I've checked my lenny router and modules there are without debugging symbols.So stock 2.6.26 from lenny comes without debugging symbols and linux-image .deb file is around 20mb.Stock 2.6.32-5-686 from squeeze comes with debugging symbols enabled - linux-image .deb here is 26mb. (I have used 2.6.32's .config file to build my kernel, then i did make oldconfig.)I guess this is what increase my kernel size, but how to disable it?Or maybe enable stripping of debugging symbols.
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Jun 22, 2011
I do not know if this is really something I should worry about. I am running Debian testing on my laptop (HP Pavillon dv6). Today, the aptitude update---aptitude upgrade gave me a new kernel (2.6.39). However, if I boot with that kernel, I get a warning (do not know if that is the way I should call this) telling me that the machine failed to get the i915 symbols so turbo graphics will be disabled.I have not done any serious test, but at first sight I do not notice any difference performance-wise with respect to the previous kernel. what am I supposed to do to fix this?
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Oct 19, 2010
I'm running gdb across a network using gdb server. I've got it up and running. However I can't see any source or variables for my code (in ddd /gdb). At start up gdb says (no debugging symbols found). I've got a g in my make file,
CPFLAGS = -Wall -Os -g -pedantic
I've tried loading symbols in using "symbol-file testarm", this sort of works in that I can view symbols but not names, e.g. if I ask dd to show x y and z, rather than
x = 10
y = 20
x = 30
It says:
display
10/20/30
Also ddd does not show anything in the source window, is there a way I can get it to show this? I think it's because I've started ddd with ddd arm-linux-gdb, as I'm calling a crosscompiler gdb. So can I tell ddd to point to the correct folders? What commands I need to set in gdb/ddd to view variable names (it's hard to keep track when it bunches them all together) and how to view my source code.
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Nov 27, 2010
I decided to try making a programming language again after my last unsuccessful attempt, so now I figured how to write a good AST and it works great when the nodes are hard-coded into a test program. But to make a language out of it, I need a parser to build the tree according to an input file. I ran into a problem here:
YACC input file:
Code:
%{
#include "nodes/allnodes.h"
#include "Node.h"
int vars[26];
%}
%token SEMICOLON INTEGER VARIABLE IF WHILE DO OPAREN CPAREN OBRACE CBRACE
%right ASSIGN
%left NE
%left PLUS MINUS
%left TIMES DIVIDE
%% .....
As you might see, each nonterminal creates a Node* object and uses it as its value. The problem is that the literal tokens, however, don't return Node*'s and I don't know what to do. I would like to be able to convert literal tokens to nodes in the Lex file (which would avoid the problem), but the problem is with the assignment operator, which takes a Node* for the right-hand side and a variable name (not a Variable Node, because they just evaluate the the variable's value and you can't change the variable with them) for the left hand side.
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Aug 3, 2010
Used to work perfectly. I attempted to install VPN client, result is can't connect to anything. Networks are seen by network manager, nothing happens when click connect. Results below:
Wireless LAN present in Hardware information. Atheros AR242x 802.11abg Wireless PCI Express Adapter (wlan0)
Kernel Driver: ath5k
168c:001c
/var/log/boot.msg
[code]....
Advice is to use output of dmesg command to find problem, but as above I don't get any results for this in terminal.
attempt to ping external site
linux-cfi6:~ # ping -c 66.70.73.150
Usage: ping [-LRUbdfnqrvVaA] [-c count] [-i interval] [-w deadline]
[code]....
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Apr 2, 2010
I am trying to port c & c++ open source code onto embedded target(MIPS).It compiles fine on x86/RH4. When I try embedded platform specific tool chain as follows, I get following error:
I tried different combinations. It did not help. My idea is to port an open source code that works fine on X86/Linux to an embedded target based on MIPS.
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Aug 21, 2010
Arm-linux-strip for removing the symbols from binary executable file after compilation. What exactly the symbols means.
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May 4, 2010
I have a shared library (built from C++ code) and a separate C program which calls (extern) functions from the said library.
Also one of the functions in that library needs to call a function in this C program by declaring it 'extern'. This sort of creates a cyclic dependency.
I am getting "unresolved references" error, as expected.
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Jan 6, 2011
I wasn't sure where to put this so if I need to move it just let me know.I have a strange problem that I cannot figure out. When I use gdb to debug our rpm-installed program, it says (no debugging symbols found) when it loads. Thing is, when I use nm on the program it can print the symbols, and even stranger is if I use gdb on the program before it is packed up by rpmbuild it loads the debug symbols just fine.Our program is built via the standard make using:GS=-g -Wall-pedantic and as I mentioned I can debug the resulting program. After the build, I package it up using:
cmd="rpmbuild -v -bb ptsnmp.spec --define "ver ${cmvc_release}" --define "rel ${cmvc_level}" --define "_topdir $rpmdir""When this package is installed via rpm, the binary on the machine shows all the debug info via nm, file shows it is not stripped:pt_snmp: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, AMD x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.9, not strippedyet when I try to debug it I get the no debugging symbols found.This is really taxing my brain and I am sure I am just missing something
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Feb 17, 2010
I am using Centos 5.4 with gcc v4.1.2. If I take a bunch of .o files and I then link with my main.o to form an executable then this links and executes just fine. If however, I try to create an archive file (.a) using 'ar rus xxx.o yyy.o etc' and then try to link the resulting .a with my main.o then I get 'undefined symbol' linker errors and I don't understand why.
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Jul 3, 2011
It sounds like he's making a difference between the kernel "source code" and the kernel itself(as in the downloaded file/ files) but the way he talks about both is the same.So then, if one had already "installed" the "kernel sources code," why would he need the "tarball with the newest Linux kernel?" He's already "installed" a kernel, right?
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Jan 7, 2010
I have installed CentOS 5.4 & am trying to install VirtualBox on it. To install VirtualBox I run the command:
yum localinstall path/Virtualbox.rpm
It runs through the dependency check & says everything is fine. It installs the rpm & then says that compiling of the kernel module failed & that VirtualBox will not start until this is fixed, & that the most like cause is that the kernel sources are not installed.
I have installed the kernel-devel package & have the kernel source tree located at /usr/src/kernel/2.6....
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Aug 27, 2010
I am interested in learning 3D programming. The thing is, I would hate to put too much effort to learn something that doesn't have future and is dying. My favorite language at the time is Java. My goal is professional programming.
So I have several questions:
1. Should I learn JOGL or start learning C++ and do C++ openGL programming?
2. Is there a big difference between JOGL and C++ openGL programming?
3. Is it worth to learn openGL? Does it have a future?
4. Is it a big difference between openGL and directX coding?
5. If choosing Java, then JOGL or LWJGL?
Why and what is the main difference between them?
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Aug 26, 2010
What is the difference between those kernels that you can install from this PPA:
[URL]
ppa:kernel-ppa/ppa
...which currently has 2.6.35-19.25-generic
AND
[URL]
...which currently has 2.6.35.3-maverick (even has later version 2.6.36-rc2-maverick)
AND
[URL]
...which currently has 2.6.35.3 (even has later versions 2.6.36-rc2 and 2.6.36-rc2-git4)
Are they the same? Which is newer? Is 2.6.35-19-generic = 2.6.35.3?
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Sep 9, 2009
What is the difference between kernels which come from the update repository and the plus repository ? Often the same version comes from both, but one says centosplus at the end the other, from the update repository, does not.
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Jul 12, 2010
what difference between user and kernel space.
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Oct 29, 2010
A few upgrades ago, I had also a desktop-kernel installed. I tried starting with the standard and the desktop kernel, but could not see a difference. Why this desktop-kernel and what's the difference with the standard kernel?
HP laptop with Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5600 - OpenSUSE 11.3 -KDE4.4.4
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Jan 19, 2010
I installed Ubuntu Server recently and really liked the ability to customized everything that was installed on it. Although I'm a little cautious about installing the server edition on my laptop, is there a Debian based distro that comes as empty as Ubuntu Server? If not, what's the difference between the server kernel and the one that ships with Ubuntu Desktop?
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Jul 3, 2009
I usually custom compile my kernel and generate the header files with the following command:
Code:
fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=generic-ide kenrel_image kernel_headers
However, I noticed that there are some difference in the headers files that get generated with the above command as compared to the header files that are available from Debian repo. For example, the header files for 2.6.24 kernel have files like:
Code:
debian:/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.24-etchnhalf.1-686/arch/x86# ls Kconfig Kconfig.cpu Kconfig.debug kernel Makefile Makefile_32 Makefile_32.cpu Makefile_64 However, if I custom compile the above kernel from Debian sources (2.6.24), the headers files does not have the above files:
Code:
debain:/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.24-generic-ide/arch/x86# ls
boot ia32 Kconfig.cpu kernel lib mach-es7000 mach-visws Makefile mm pci vdso xen
crypto Kconfig Kconfig.debug lguest mach-default mach-generic mach-voyager math-emu oprofile power video
As you can see from above output, files like Makefile_32, Makefile_32.cpu are not present, if I generate kernel headers files using the make-kpkg command as mentioned in the beginning of the post. I happened to notice the above issue, while I was trying to compile a out-of-tree kernel module and the "make" command for those sources (some graphics card drm module) worked with the default header files (linux-headers-2.6.24-etchnhalf.1-686) but did not work with (linux-headers-2.6.24-generic-ide) because it did not find the Makefile_32. Although I was able to fix the problem by copying the Makefile_32 from linux-headers-2.6.24-etchnhalf.1-686 but I would like to know why there is a difference. This is bit of a concern because it unnecessarily breaks the out-of-tree module compilation process because of trivial reasons.
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Apr 4, 2011
I am the new child of the linux world. What is the difference and working functions between kernel and shell..
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Aug 3, 2010
What is the difference between kernel-source.x.x.x.x.rpm and kernel.x.x.x.src.rpm?
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Jul 14, 2010
I have a system with a missing or damaged kernel and I need to reinstall some software to fix it (see this thread for reference removed xen and kernel is gone). I feel fairly certain I can fix my system with the info in that thread however I don't know if this was a 32bit or 64bit system. How can I tell after using the dvd and linux rescue or does it even matter?
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Jul 20, 2011
I've never understood the difference between these terms in http://www.kernel.org:
- snapshot
- mainline
- stable
- longterm
It's not in Kernel's FAQ and I can't find about it on Google.
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May 3, 2010
Ubuntu 10.04 lucid. sun-java6-jdk has been dropped from the Multiverse section of the Ubuntu archive. They recommend using openjdk-6 instead. Is there any difference between these 2 packages?
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Dec 27, 2008
I know it's a very silly question but could someone please explain the difference between "/bin/bash" & "/bin/sh" I was under the impression that both are same but following output on my Ubuntu 8.10 is making me raise my eyebrows.
Quote:
parag@station3:~$ ls -l /bin/bash ; ls -l /bin/sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 725136 2008-05-13 00:18 /bin/bash
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2008-12-03 21:42 /bin/sh -> dash
parag@station3:~$
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Nov 1, 2010
I would like know know difference in ssh comman in solaris and linux, are they both same?
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Aug 12, 2010
But what is the difference between this...
Code:
my_fucnction () {
echo "Hello World"
}
Code:
function my_fucnction {
[Code]...
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Aug 15, 2010
I am not clear with difference between hexdump and objdump and coredump. I wrote a small program
Code:
main (){
int a=2;
int b=4;
int k=b/a;
int m=9;
[Code].....
Some of the above instructions such as 89 d0 should be present in hexdump. What exactly is the hexdump ,objdump and coredump and what is their importance?
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