General :: What Is The Starting Point Of The Kernel?
Oct 5, 2010
OK, I have been a lifelong windows programmer and user. I started using the Linux OS as my primary desktop OS a few months ago. I decided it would be a good time to focus on programming more for linux than windows.I have downloaded the source code of the Linux kernel. and to avoid me waisting time figuring this out on my own I would like someone to answer me this question.
what is the starting point of the kernel, which file(usually a main.c file)contains the very first line of code executed when the boot-loader starts Linux.
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Apr 7, 2011
how to perform floating point operations in kernel? i answered that its impossible to perform floating point operations in kernel.but he is telling that its possible but with some feature to be added.can any body know about this perfectly??
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Mar 28, 2011
I recently installed the pptpd server on my system and set it up according to these instructions:HTML Code[URL]t=132029However after setting everything up on attempting to connect to it from a windows machine (windows 7 home premium to be specific) it gives me two errors which are 720 and 800...It reaches "registering your computer on the network" fine and then gives 720 on the first attempt to connect and then 800 on the second attempt to connect...and then on the third 720 and 4th 800 and so on..My system running the server's I.P is 192.168.1.70My system running the windows OS trying to connects I.P is: 192.168.1.66
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Jan 25, 2010
I updated my fc12 x86_64 server today, and one of the updated included kernel 2.6.31.12-174.2.3.fc12.x86_64 from the previous one of kernel-2.6.31.9-174.fc12.x86_64.When I boot with that kernel, it stops when my logical volumes that are built on a raid 5 array (linux software raid built using mdadm) are not there.I can start them afterward with mdadm --auto-detect which seemingly loads the appropriate modules and starts the array, but I have never had to do this before.
Reading the mdadm man page, it mentions that this is generally done by the initrd. So, I am guessing the initrd that came with the new kernel is missing something.
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Sep 26, 2010
I am new to fedora core and needs desperate help.Now what i can notice is the kernel files doesnot match. will this makes a difference..what do you think ? How can i make the VirtualBox kernel module status [OK] ?
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Jan 4, 2010
I download "VirtualBox-3.1.2-56127-Linux_amd64.run" and installed it, and got a messages like this " virtualbox have been installed successfully in my system", but when I run virtualbox, I've been told "/etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup" something like that. And I run virtualbox in terminal, got this:
Warning: The vboxdrv kernel module is not loaded. Either there is no module available for the current kernel (2.6.29.6) or it failed to load. Please recompile the kernel module and install it by
sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup
You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed.
I run "/etc/rc.d/rc.vboxdrv start" as a root, got messages like this :
Starting VirtualBox kernel module ...failed!
(modprobe vboxdrv failed.)
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Aug 27, 2009
This one has been driving me nuts for some days now:My Gentoo box which is acting as an internet gateway has two point-to-point interfaces, ppp0 (PPPoE to my ISP) and ppp1 (PPTP VPN link to IPREDator). Packets from my local network are just routed through ppp0 and now the fun part starts: I want to MARK (netfilter...) all packets originating from one specific user on that box in order to use another routing table that will contain a default route via the ppp1 interface.Marking seems to work fine as does the second routing table. But quite mysteriously (at least for me), the packets sent out on ppp1 contain the wrong source IP address, namely the address associated with ppp0.So here is what ifconfig and friends tell me:Network interfaces:
Code:
# ifconfig ppp0
ppp0 Protokoll:Punkt-zu-Punkt Verbindung
[code]...
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Jun 3, 2010
I was wondering if there is any way to SSH from one computer to another and completely bypass a router or any other network infrastructure. The reason I ask is because my robot ( same one in this post ) often needs to change which wireless network it automatically connects to, however it is getting annoying to have to drag out a monitor and plug it in along with a keyboard and mouse every time this needs to happen. Instead I'd much rather just plug my laptop into the other computer, SSH in and change the network myself.
So I thought I would ask you kind people if this is possible. The robot's computer has unused ethernet and USB ports, and I'd like to use those if at all possible (and with linux, anything is possible! -- sorta). I thought about doing something with ad-hoc, but this would limit my range (in infrastructure mode I can control the thing anywhere there is internet), and is to be avoided.
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May 21, 2011
I was about to do upgrade from 11.3 to 11.4.I was following the guide I found in opensuse's website. I was to the point where I had to disable all 11.3 repositories and add the 11.4 at that point I forgot to change my nvidia repository ( I have a g210m graphic card).
thus after the upgrade the X could not start at all. I think this was because Yast could not find the nvidia driver.
Using text mode YaSt2 I added the nvidia driver but after restart I can not see and X running. I receive an error message that the current kernel can not be loaded!!!
I also checked in command line if there is something like Sax2.. but I couldnot find anything.
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Jun 2, 2011
Today is two out of three boot messages fixed. Working on the third one now, and that relates to virtual machines. The whole Virtual machine thing is new to me. Never used it, but I'd like to start. Therefore, I am no longer willing to just ignore this. The error message during boot is this:
Quote: Starting VirtualBox kernel module [60G[[0;31mFAILED[0;39m] (modprobe vboxdrv failed. Please use 'dmesg' to find out why)
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Jan 7, 2010
How do I configure Apache 2 to listen to requests for a sub-domain (intranet.digity.com) and point automatically to a URL its a different web server on the same machine)??Keep in mind I still want to still point to the Apache 2 server (port 80), which they currently do.
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Jul 12, 2011
I have a server that cannot generate enough entropy to support /dev/random. The particular piece of software having problems can't be configured to use /dev/urandom.
I tried moving /dev/random to /dev/realrandom and symlinking /dev/random to /dev/urandom, but lsof /dev/realrandom still shows processes using it.
In Does urandom share the same entropy of random?, the suggestion is to use mknod /dev/random 1 9. Will this hold across restarts? Should I be using udev somehow?
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Jun 18, 2011
For some commands the command synopsis (syntax) is given like this:
command [a|b] [args ...]
I take mplayer (perhaps not GNU) to illustrate the point:
mplayer [cdda|cddb]://track[-endtrack][:speed][/device] [options]
mplayer [dvd|dvdnav]://[title|[start_title]-end_title] [options]
An item inside square brackets is optional. The pipe sign is the 'or' logical connective (disjunction). But then, what is [cdda|cddb]?
If optional, I can omit it: it makes no sense because there are more the one possible synopsis for the command line.
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Jul 9, 2011
Is it possible to run a Linux AP using a VM with a USB adapter passed through to it?
What distro should I try? Is there a Live CD with hostapd pre installed?
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Jan 6, 2011
setting up Nagios which I have done quite easily, I have only one concern I am not able to setup email Notification from Postfix. I am able to send and receive mails from Postfix internally, I just need to know how to setup Postfix i.e point the server to get NAgios Notification.
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Apr 4, 2011
I want to point my apache to ip address. Before this I point it to my /var/www/spec and I want to change it to ip address. So that when I enter my ip address my script code will appear.
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Feb 23, 2010
Is the mount point for external media (like USB) always /media?
Because in a Debian system, if I plug in any USB device that goes to the /media folder. So is it the case with all the other Linux flavors like Fedora, Ubuntu, etc. If a USB device is automatically mounted will it always go to the /media directory?
I am not concerned about the name of the devices. I am looking for every external media (like USB) to be listed under /media directory so that my code can run on any flavor of Linux.
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Dec 3, 2010
I have a CentOS 5 production server with multiple OS-managed RAID-1 sets. I'd like to add a new mirrored set and move the /var partition to the new drives. On a non-RAID system I would boot from the install CD to edit fstab and copy the existing files to the new drive, but I'm pretty sure booting off the install CD does not recognize my RAID setup.
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Jan 22, 2011
Like Time Machine in Mac OS X. Is it possible?
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May 19, 2011
I have done the follow steps.
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan (I see my access point without problem)
then...
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid MY_ESSID key s:MY_PASSWORD
I get the follow error:
Error for wireless request "Set
Encode" (8B2A) :
SET failed on device wlan0 ; Invalid argument.
I used s: because I want to pass and ASCII password.
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Apr 10, 2010
I'm using ext3 and I have my / partition on sda3. This is a full install, it has /bin /home etc etc on it, the only thing I have is sda1 is /boot and sda2 is swap.
I've configured my system to mount sda4 as /home/user as the system boots up, which puts all of my data on sda4.
My question is this. How do I access any data left in (sda3) /home/user? (Because trying that won't work). Is there some way to use a direct path? Like /device/sda3/home/user?
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Apr 15, 2010
I've been looking for a way to run windows-only vst plugins nativley on linux as well as to find a linux driver for my 1394 audio interface with little luck; I would like to do so without relying on wine, and have come across an idea to work out after stumbling on a utility that converts dll to lib (called dll2lib). The idea would be to convert the dll's for a proprietary fw audio dev and dependent MS libraries and manually change what's needed to make it compatible with linux env. is this possible; will I be able to achieve source code from this? if not, what is the primary point of converting a dll to lib in the first place.
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Mar 3, 2010
I have just purchased my first Linux PC - up to now I have always rolled my own so to speak. It is a little Dell Latitude 2100 which I got a good deal on through the outlet store - a refurb but it looks new. Ubuntu 9.04. It has built in wireless and I have gotten it to talk to my D-Link router although only with WEP and not yet WPA - that will come later.
When is the wireless connection supposed to occur? If I reboot the PC and watch for it to connect (using ping from another machine on the network) it does not appear until I login to it. It remains on the network after I logout(?) Is this normal? I am used to hard wired machines which come up on the network before a user logs in. Is there something I need to change in the network connection settings?
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Dec 11, 2010
I have a directory, /root/backup, that I mount and run a bunch of rysnc scripts against to backup my box. I'm running into a very recent problem where when I run this command:
A directory that once looked like this:
Goes to this:
It changes from root to www (another user on my system) and I have no idea why.
When I look at the /mount/procs file, I see this:
So it looks like the uid is correct...
I believe this is what is causing my rsync scripts to fail (they only copy over directories and not the files in those directorys and I get a lot of permissions failed errors)
All of this is run as root in cron jobs
As a note, here is a sample rsync command:
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Oct 20, 2010
In my machine, there are 2 mount points - / and /userdata. From the root user, I want to create an oracle user at the /userdata mount point, i.e the home of the oracle user should be mounted on /userdata.
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Aug 23, 2010
I built a Suse Linux server on vmware. I attached an RDM to the server and can now see the drive as a "Mass Storage Drive" in Applications - computer. When I double click on the icon, I get an error message that indicates that the drive can not be mounted. I tried to mount in gnome terminal using: mount /dev/sdb and get "can't find .dev/sdb in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab". I tried adding device that I would like to mount to fstab, but don't think I have the settings correct. I looking for any info that might step me through the process.
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Oct 26, 2010
I have two servers, 82 and 70.My exports file on 82 reads /...70(rw)on 70 I have a mountpoint called mnt_for_82I execute on 70mount -t nfs -o rw ...82:/ mnt_for_82I go to server 70 and indeed can read and travers the mounted subdirectories. However, I try to create a file or subdirectory under the mount point on 70 and I get a *Permission Denied* error.I'm sure there is a simple explanation for this issue as well as a correct nomenclature for what I'm trying to do in nfs
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Jul 14, 2010
I'm working directly in an Ubuntu Virtual Machine (VM). Some updates (like kernel) were available at the update manager.If I weren't using a VM, I wouldn't update it since it's a risk to break something. Since it's a VM, you can create a Snapshot or export an appliance and restore if something goes wrong.Suppose I'm not using a VM with a Debian/Ubuntu installation. Is there a install-restore approach that doesn't depend in a VM configuration to restore your system exactly before an upgrade (Like a "Restore Point" in Windows), being easy to restore like a VM appliance?
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Mar 4, 2011
I have a directory containing a lot of result log files (directory size ~ 4GB), and a set of processes running that keep on writing to these files. To be able to correctly analyze the results at a later time, I want to copy the whole directory to an archive destination, and I cannot stop the processes.
I want a copy of the directory as it was at a particular point of time. As the size directory is huge (which means it takes about 40 seconds to copy) and some of the files are being written to, a normal cp -r does NOT give me a snapshot at a particular point in time, rather a snapshot of files spread over some 40 seconds. This is not good enough.
Is there a way to get an exclusive lock on the directory and all its components while copying?
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Aug 19, 2011
I have a complicated situation due to my goals and network structure. I have in mind a potential solution, a bridge, but I do not know whether it is feasible or what hardware it will require.
The network:
My apartment community provides residents with free Internet access through an ancient T1 line. We do not have the option of other Internet providers, so having a router and modem in the home are not an option. The T1 line is split among some 24 switches, one for each building, and each switch has one port per floor. At each floor, there is a D-link WAP, and each has a separate SSID and WEP key. Additionally, they control access at the switch level using Access Control.
My goals:
I'm used to being in control of my networked environment. I like to have friends over often, and most of them have a laptop, a smart phone, or both, which makes Access Control a pain. I don't want to have to think ahead and get their MAC addresses to the IT consultant while he's here during business hours. My wife and I have 6 devices, two of which require an Ethernet connection.
I use a few applications for streaming that utilize UDP (I'm not sure if the WAPs are smart enough to even handle this) and I don't like having my traffic muddled with my neighbors.
I should note that I tried extending the network with my Airport Extreme router, which apparently only works with other Apple devices. I've also looked into WDS, but that seems to require an unlikely amount of cooperation from the IT consultant on site.
The potential solution: a Linux server that acts as a router. Ideally, it could act as a webserver for a small static site as well, but let's focus on the routing. I'd like to bridge two NICs and use masquerading (Internet Connection Sharing). The public interface would connect to the WAP using WEP. The private interface would allow up to 8 devices to connect to the server.
It seems easy enough to configure the public interface, and even to bridge the connections. What I've never done before is purchase a wireless card that can accept multiple clients. Maybe they can all do this?
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